Electrification in Haiti: Deep-Dive Analysis
- Under current grid reliability of about 30 percent, grid extension is the least-cost option for none of Haiti's unelectrified households; the model assigns all 1.27 million new connections to mini-grids and standalone solar.
- Universal access costs about USD 1.6 billion under the 30 percent reliability scenario and falls to about USD 1.36 billion at 75 percent reliability, excluding the cost of raising reliability itself.
- Private self-generation, at roughly 500 MW of installed capacity, now produces more electricity than the national grid.
- Less than 30 percent of installed capacity is actually generating, and losses run at about 65 percent of power produced.
- Of four independent power producers operating until 2020, only E-Power remains, leaving the main grid dependent on one thermal IPP plus Peligre.
- Haiti has no dedicated energy ministry and no officially adopted national electrification strategy; successive plans from the 2006 PNDSE to the 2015 SREP Investment Plan did not visibly shift the access trajectory.
This deck compiles what is known about electricity access in Haiti and about the plans intended to expand it. On the diagnostic side it reports a total electrification rate near 49 percent, some 5.8 million people with no electricity at all and 1.3 million households unconnected, residential demand of only about 68 kWh per capita a year, and technical plus non-technical losses running at roughly 65 percent of power generated. Less than 30 percent of installed capacity is actually producing, and unmet residential and commercial demand is put at about 500 MW a day. Self-generation by private diesel sets, with around 500 MW of combined capacity, now produces more electricity than the national grid. On the institutional side it describes EDH operating ten separate unconnected distribution grids, and notes that of four independent power producers active until 2020 only E-Power remains in operation, leaving the main grid supplied by one thermal IPP and the Peligre hydropower plant.
The analytical core is a least-cost geospatial plan developed in 2024 that assigns each unelectrified settlement a technology. Under the current 30 percent grid reliability assumption, grid extension is not the least-cost option for any new customer: all 1.27 million new connections are assigned to mini-grids and standalone solar at about USD 1.6 billion, of which USD 1.27 billion covers 817,512 households on mini-grids at roughly USD 1,555 per consumer and USD 320 million covers 454,192 households on standalone systems at about USD 707 per consumer. If reliability rises to 75 percent, grid extension re-enters the mix and total investment falls to about USD 1.36 billion, excluding whatever it costs to raise reliability in the first place. The deck is explicit that this is a modelling output on stated assumptions and not a government-endorsed roadmap. It closes on the institutional gap it treats as binding: Haiti has no dedicated energy ministry and no officially adopted national electrification strategy, and the deck's central recommendation is to create the former and adopt the latter.
How to cite
Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet (GEAPP), 2025, Electrification in Haiti: Deep-Dive Analysis, https://energyalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/LAC-UAC-Haiti-Deep-Dive.pdf