(2016) UrDI Canaan Area: Neighbourhood Plan for Onaville

UrDI - Urban Structure Plan 3.6. ONAVILLE ZONE A ONA-VILLE / ONA-VILLE AREA A ZONE A ONA-VILLE / ONA-VILLE AREA A A 0 1 500 A 1000 m 2 3 4 0 500 ZONE A ONA-VILLE / INTERVENTIONS PROPOSÉES REVUES PAR LA COMMUNAUTE Avril 2016 (image drone Juillet 2015) ONA-VILLE AREA A / PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS REVIEWED BY THE COMMUNITY April 2016 (drone image July 2015) DRAINAGE nouvelles routes prioritaires/ new priority routes canaux primaires/ primary canals canaux secondaires/ secondary canals ZONE A ONA-VILLE / SITUATION EXISTANTE (image drone Juillet 2015) SERVICES (source: open street map 22.01.2016) eau potable / drinking water vente au détail / retail sport / sport écoles et garderies / school kindergarten lieu de recueillement / worship restaurant café / restaurant cafe hôtel / hotels lodges centre communautaire / community centre hopital et clinique / hospital and clinic établissement public/privé/ facility public/private espace public réservé/ reserved public space RUES / STREETS (source: open street map 22.02.2016) national / national road artère / arterial road rue principale / main street novelle rue principale / new main street rue secondaire / secondary street novelle rue secondaire / new secondary street rue résidentielle / residential street ONA-VILLE AREA A / EXISTING SITUATION (drone image July 2015) SERVICE (source: open street map 22.01.2016) eau potable / drinking water vente au détail / retail sport / sport écoles et garderies / school kindergarten restaurant café / restaurant cafe police / police hôtel / hotels lodges centre communautaire / community centre lieu de recueillement / worship hopital et clinique / hospital and clinic espace public / public space RUES / STREETS (source: open street map 22.02.2016) national / national road artère / arterial road rue principale / main street rue secondaire / secondary street rue résidentielle / residential street 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 m 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 m Section A 5 No-Built areas ZONE A ONA-VILLE / ONA-VILLE AREA A 15. 15. 14. 15. Onaville, located on the far right of the Canaan area, is the neighbourhood with a medium population density (3.500 population per km2). The upper part is a bit hilly but still moderate and development is possible. Onaville does not face many environmental constraints and therefore has a high potential of becoming a rich area for urban development. While Onaville holds few sports facilities, public spaces and some retail services, more is needed to support the population growth of the area. The following land use proposals in this section are based on a participatory process within three months’ time-frame. The UN-Habitat team maps the existing situation and the community validates and proposes ideas. The urban Lab rechecks the suggested interventions and modifies if necessary. After that, a neighbourhood assembly is organized to showcase the overall vision and a land use is later developed. 112 A 15. 0 13. 8 7 LEGENDE/ LEGEND A M S Délimitation du quartier Neighborhood boundary Route nationale National road Artère Arterial road 23m / 18m 15. Rue principale Main street 18m / 12m Rue secondaire Secondary street 12 / 9m 15. ONA-VILLE AREA A / PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS REVIEWED BY THE COMMUNITY April 2016 (drone image July 2015) 15. 15. 9. Zones résidentielles/ Moyenne densité Residential areas / Medium density 10. Zones résidentielles / Faible densité Residential areas / Low density 12. 8. Zones industrielles Industrial areas Zones spéciales Special areas DRAINAGE 11. nouvelles routes prioritaires/ new priority routes canaux primaires/ primary canals canaux secondaires/ secondary canals 7. SERVICES (source: open street map 22.01.2016) Lieu de recueillement Worship Écoles et garderies School / kindergarten eau potable / drinking water vente au détail / retail sport / sport écoles et garderies / school kindergarten lieu de recueillement / worship restaurant café / restaurant cafe hôtel / hotels lodges centre communautaire / community centre hopital et clinique / hospital and clinic établissement public/privé/ facility public/private espace public réservé/ reserved public space RUES / STREETS (source: open street map 22.02.2016) national / national road artère / arterial road rue principale / main street novelle rue principale / new main street rue secondaire / secondary street novelle rue secondaire / new secondary street rue résidentielle / residential street 6. 5. 4. Établissement public (hôpital, administration, centre communautaire...) Public facility (hospital, administration, community center...) Espace public (places publiques, marché, jardins...) Public space (square, market, park...) ZONES NON-AEDIFICANDI (zones à risque: érosion, inondations, montagneuses...) NON-AEDIFICANDI AREAS (risk areas: erosion, flooding, mountainous terrain) 3. Espace ouvert (zone tampon, corridor vert, réforestation, forêt...) Open areas (buffer strip/green corridor, reforestation, forest...) Zones de pâturage Land for livestock grazing 2. 1. 500 ZONE A ONA-VILLE / INTERVENTIONS PROPOSÉES REVUES PAR LA COMMUNAUTE Avril 2016 (image drone Juillet 2015) 15. Nouvelle rue New street Zones résidentielles / Haute densité Residential areas / High density Zones commerciales Commercial areas 6 0 500 1000m draft 14.09.2016 Ravines, rivières et ruisseaux Ravines, rivers and streams Onaville land use plan / sketch / 14.09.2016 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 m 1. Mapping the existing situation 4. New proposals draft 7. Draft of land use plan 2. Mapping proposed interventions 5. Selected interventions map 8. Charrette and implementation 3. Community workshops 6. Neighbourhood assemblies Fig.145: Onaville: participatory planning process 1000 m 1000 m U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e A. STREET NETWORK The street network in Onaville needs to be improved in order to accommodate the vehicular flux without leading to congestion. A need to preserve enough spaces for streets is important before the area becomes urbanized. There is one arterial road that connects the national road to the upper part and about ten main roads within the neighbourhood. Secondary streets are the most abundant types of roads in Onaville with an average of 6 metres’ wide. The current situation consist of 8% of space allocated to the streets while UN-Habitat recommends 30%. The proposed street network does not only suggests new roads but also looks into improving the current situation by widening the streets or paving them for example. Two options are offered, with each, different widths are defined to the various types of roads. The UN-habitat recommendations on street space is achieved, forming 33% of the total neighbourhood area. Existing situation Proposed street network Streets percentage Streets percentage UN-Habitat: 30% 33% -Option A 24% - Option B Arterial road: 24m Main roads: 18m Secondary streets: 12m 8% Arterial road: 18m Main roads: 12m Secondary streets: 9m Streets km/sq.km Streets km/sq.km UN-Habitat: 18 km/sq.km UN-Habitat: 18 km/sq.km 13.64 km/sq.km 20.1 km/sq.km Fig.146: Onaville: existing street network Fig.147: Onaville: Proposed street network Layers of the proposed street network National road Arterial road Main roads Secondary streets Fig.148: Onaville: Layers of the proposed street network 113 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan B. PUBLIC SPACES Existing Public Spaces Proposed by UN-Habitat LAB Proposed by the community (incomplete) (incomplete) (incomplete) (incomplete) (incomplete) (incomplete) sting public spaces Proposed public spaces by community Proposed public spaces by LAB 500 1000m 0 3.11.2016 500 0 1000m Fig.149: Onaville: Existing Public spaces # PUBLIC SPACES IN ONAVILLE STATUS NAME Neighbourhood area Fig.150: Onaville: Public spaces proposed by the community m2 Ha % 6,100,000 610 100% 1 Football field Existing 3,600 0.36 2 Public space Existing 1,300 0.13 3 Public space Existing 3,500 0.35 4 Public space Existing 6,500 0.65 14,900 1.49 6,000 0.6 43,200 4.32 Horeb? (park) 5 Public space Proposed by the community 6 Sports centre Proposed by the community 7 Market Proposed by the community 33,600 3.36 8 Public space Proposed by the community 20,000 2 9 Public space Proposed by the community 4,900 0.49 10 Public space Proposed by the community 14,600 1.46 11 Public space Proposed by the community Centre Sportif Centre communautaire Onaville Place Onaville 220 12 Public space Proposed by the LAB 16,000 1.6 13 Public space Proposed by the LAB 5,600 0.56 159020 0.24% 0.022 12.252 Total: 2.01% 2.16 0.35% 15.902 2.61% Table 26. Onaville: Percentage of public spaces 114 500 1000m produced 03.11.2016 produced 03.11.2016 Fig.151: Onaville: Public spaces proposed by UN-Habitat LAB There are currently only a few existing public spaces within Onaville. Four public spaces of which one is a football field, cover 0.24 per cent of the land mass. The UN-Habitat recommended coverage of an area by public space is 15 per cent. This recommendation also implies that the public spaces are distributed equally among a neighbourhood, however the four public spaces found in Onaville are situated only in the north-eastern and central parts. In order to meet demand, build community and enhance the urban life for the inhabitants, the presence of public spaces is essential. Ideally they should be easily accessible within a distance of no more than 400m in order to reduced car dependency, facilitate availability and improve walkability. These goals of the community were voiced strongly along with improvement of the green space network during participatory processes. The results have meant an increase of 2.0 per cent of the land mass for public space in seven new areas. This also includes a market as well as another sports centre. U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e Proposed public spaces with 400 metres buffer Non-aedificandi areas also have the potential to become public spaces. To further meet the UN-Habitat recommended land cover for public space, three public spaces are therefore proposed, one of which is a buffer zone and two that are reforestation projects. These areas have been designed with the potential to become public spaces. If these suggestions are to be implemented, designated public space in the neighbourhood of Onaville would reach 11 per cent of the total land mass. Land for public space should be encouraged to be developed in order to promote sustainable social dynamics within the new urban neighbourhood. # PUBLIC SPACE IN ONAVILLE STATUS NAME m2 Ha % Neighbourhood area 6,100,000 610 100% Public spaces 159020 15.902 2.61% 14 Reforestation Proposed by the LAB 200,000 20 15 Reforestation Proposed by the LAB 230,000 23 16 Buffer area next to ravine Proposed by the LAB 93,000 9.3 523000 52.3 8.57% 682020 68.202 11.18% Total: Total open public spaces: Existing public spaces Proposed by the community Proposed by UN-Habitat LAB Table 27. Onaville: Total percentage of public spaces The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 9m2/inhabitant Existing Proposed public space Proposed P.S + non-aedificandi 14,900 m2 159,000 m2 682,000 m2 22,700 inhabitants 49,000 inhabitants 49,000 inhabitants 0.65 m /inhabitant 3.2 m /inhabitant 13.9 m2/inhabitant 2 2 Table 28. Onaville: Public space area per inhabitant diagram Fig.152: Onaville: Overall public spaces’ land use and buffer area (400m) 115 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan C. RESIDENTIAL AREAS 6.43 km2 Proposed densities Neighbourhood area Low density Low density housing are suggested where topography is too challenging to be built or where flooding is likely to occur proving challenging for sustainable construction. As seen on the above plan, most of the northern part of Onaville have been designated as such. For low-density settlements, it is proposed that the density be 8 000 people per square kilometre, mainly in the northern area. The existing dwellings may remain although it is recommended that the site not be built further resulting in a low density portion of the neighborhood. In the future, as technology availability and improves and emerges, these areas have the potential to become higher density. 22,663 Inhabitants (source ARC household survey 2016) 3,524 people/km2 Existing residential areas Fig.154: Onaville: Projected population increase Medium density The topography, where medium density housing is proposed, is fairly steep but still considered suitable for settlements. The level of densification also depends on proximity to arterial roads and main streets as well as commercial and service-oriented areas. The areas in between these important connections and the more urbanized areas is therefore suggested as medium density housing. A density of 12 000 people per square kilometre is suggested in these areas to encourage social mixing and better opportunities for interaction of more vulnerable populations. Fig.153: Onaville: Existing settlements Onaville is a neighborhood with medium density. This is due to it being situated far from the more urbanized areas of Port-auPrince as well as factors of a very challenging terrain. 116 Fig.155: Onaville: Contours The expected growth of Onaville is 4 per cent annually. High density For high density areas, a density of 15 000 people per square kilometre is suggested. This type of neighborhood profile is suggested mostly along arterial roads, main streets and at junctions. High density areas are preferably combined with commercial and service facilities in order to promote a mixed used. In Onaville this has been proposed in the southern and central parts of the neighborhood. Encouraging a compact urban form aims to increase the built area and residential population densities. It also has the goal of intensifying urban economic, social and cultural activities while manipulating urban size, form and structure with larger goals of improving environmental, social and global sustainability benefits. U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e Fig.156: Onaville: Diagram of population in the new proposed residential areas. Throughout Onaville, not all areas for residential land-use are to be purely monofunctional; integration of mixed-use land types into the residential urban fabric is key to encouraging walkability, promoting inclusion of vulnerable populations and maintaining social cohesion. These areas are distributed equally throughout the neighborhood with the goal of incubating small local businesses, artisan workspaces, eateries and government service centres. Mixed-use nodes in the neighborhood are designed to augment the existing commercial areas providing ease of access and possibilities for new urban form. The expected annual growth of Onaville is 4 per cent. This means that the current population of 22,663 will grow to approximately 49,657 people within 20 years. The densification of Onaville, as proposed in numbers seen above, will be able to accommodate 41,646 people. Low density Medium density High density Fig.157: Onaville: Residential areas and proposed densities 117 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan D. COMMERCIAL AREAS Existing commercial Proposed commercial areas (mixed-use) 285 Existing commercial points 7% (of the total neighbourhood area) (source OSM) Fig.158: Onaville: Existing commercial points (Source: OSM) Fig.159: Onaville: Proposed commercial areas According to OpenStreetmap, there are 285 retail points in Onaville. There is no concentration of commercial activities, the retail shops are dispersed within the neighbourhood and mainly found in the northern area. These shops are a combination of different uses like vegetable shop, merchandise, hairdressers and so on. In order to keep pace with the 4% urban growth, more commercial facilities are needed. With the provision of more centralised commerce facilities and the planning of an adequate street network, Onaville will also induce job opportunities for its residents. Following the workshop with the communities, different commercial streets where identified. The location of the new commercial shops will be highly concentrated on the arterial roads, as well as on the main roads. This will enable the residents to access those facilities easily. The centres of activities are a booster of employment opportunities and therefore a catalyst for local economy. 118 It is important to note that the commercial centres are not mono-functional and are not limited to retail activities. These areas are encouraged to be mixed-use where different functions can exist at once. Usually, they have commercial and public facilities on the street level and high residential on the upper level. U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e E. PUBLIC FACILITIES There are 25 existing schools within the Onaville area, including kindergartens. These schools are well distributed throughout the neighborhood and are on track to support the growth in population. Therefore no new schools are suggested, however improvement to facilities and quality of education programs are recommended in the SDF. RELIGIOUS - EXISTING EDUCATION - EXISTING HEALTH - EXISTING OTHER PUBLIC FACILITIES - EXISTING There are 30 places dedicated for worship in the neighborhood of Onaville. The frequency of worship centres currently follows closely with the density of the population. Where the density is high, more or perhaps larger religious centres can be provided and vice versa in areas considered as low density. Fig.160: Onaville: Existing public facilities and a 500m buffer catchment area. 11% Less than 10 years 4% Illiterate 29% Primary school (not finished) 11% Primary school (finished) 29% Secondary school (not finished) 8% Secondary school (finished) 2% Professional school 5% University Table 29. Onaville: Participation level (Croix Rouge Americaine, Juillet 2016) There are no information available about health services, community centres, security stations and others. For planning purposes, and in order to have a long-term sustainable city, it is essential to consider the services mentioned in the new design of the neighbourhood. Generally, these services require good accessibility and therefore their location must be well studied. Normally, it is recommended to locate them within 500 metres from the settlements so that they are easily accessible. Fig.161: Onaville: Existing public facilities 119 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan F. NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT Eight percent of the Onaville region is suggested to be non-aedificandi areas. These zones are for the purposes of environmental protection and public engagement in environmental issues, and must be coupled with educational programs to encourage civic and environmental responsibility among civil society. Buffer zones are suggested along rivers that run in the north-eastern part of Onaville. These green corridors are preserved in order to mitigate flood risk and to protect the natural environment. A width of 30 metres on either side is recommended as a minimum width for the buffer zone although the topography of a certain areas may not always allow that recommendation to be enacted. Currently the river passes through several settlements targeted for low density housing, so these areas are not recommended for further expansion. The north-eastern parts of Onaville are preserved for reforestation projects. Further south, an area is suggested either for reforestation, agricultural or livestock grazing zones. These areas are to be developed according to the Tree Planting Strategy. The Strategy implores the use of certain native species of trees in certain areas. For example, trees and plants that have a large amount of water uptake are recommended for floodplains. This includes fruits, vegetables and grains that can be grown in these contexts for the purposes of agriculture. # No-built areas m2 Ha % Neighbourhood area 6,100,000 610 100% 14 Reforestation 200,000 20 15 Reforestation 230,000 23 16 Buffer areas next to ravine 93,000 9.3 523000 52.3 Total: 8.13% Table 30. Onaville: Total percentage of no-built areas Legend Proposed buffer zone along the rivers and ravines Proposed area for livestock grazing Proposed area for reforestation High environmental risk areas Existing rivers and ravines Quarries 120 Fig.162: Onaville: No-built areas U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e G. ONAVILLE LAND USE (incomplete) (incomplete) The overall land use of Onaville is a result of ongoing engagement with the community. The plans reviewed by the residents and the neighbourhood leaders were the basis of UN-Habitat’s land use proposal. Streets forms 27.6% of the total land in the new proposal, whereas public space and non-aedificandi areas takes 10.6% of Onaville. Onaville’s land use was also reviewed in its wider area, taking into consideration the neighbourhoods nearby and how they interlink. It is mandatory to situate the individual neighbourhood plans within the overall Canaan area in means to reach a consistent and rich structure. 0 500 1000m produced 03.11.2016 Fig.163: Onaville: Proposed land use plan 121