CRS - U.S. Immigration Policy on Haitian Migrants
- Migrant interdiction and mandatory detention are key components of U.S. policy toward Haitian migrants.
- The January 2010 earthquake in Haiti led to Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Haitians in the U.S.
- Haitians deemed Cuban-Haitian Entrants are eligible for federal benefits and cash assistance.
- There were 54,716 Haitians with approved petitions to immigrate to the U.S. at the time of the earthquake.
- Concerns exist that crisis conditions in Haiti may trigger mass migration.
This report examines U.S. immigration policies concerning Haitian migrants, focusing on those attempting to reach the U.S. by boat. It details the historical context of Haitian migration, including the Mariel boatlift and subsequent interdiction agreements. The report also covers the evolution of policies such as Temporary Protected Status (TPS), the Haitian Refugee Immigration Fairness Act (HRIFA), and mandatory detention practices. Furthermore, it discusses federal assistance programs available to Haitian migrants, including Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Medicaid, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The report also addresses legislative actions in the 111th and 112th Congresses related to Haitian family members with approved petitions, adoption of Haitian orphans, and supplemental funding.
How to cite
Congressional Research Service (CRS), 2011, CRS - U.S. Immigration Policy on Haitian Migrants, accessed via HaitiDocs, https://www.haitidocs.org/doc/crs-2011-u-s-immigration-policy