(2010) Neglect in the Encampments: Haiti's Second-Wave Humanitarian Disaster

[page 1] Lgr AS NUL TE* HN EX SX VPN ME | M )E Ë ! 7 ra AS = A À s | PTE ae — pe À ET à v PUERTO A PR PCR) La dé AN 0. VU NN EE FLE A NEGLECT IN THE ENCAMPMENTS: / HAITI'S SECOND-WAVE HUMANITARIAN DISASTER ù & # HAL AC PARLE». ÿ 4 RE ÉD D FPE one ES re L Institute for F à Bureau des pn} Justice & F— #4, Avocats for THE EARLE Mack SCHOOL OF LAw re “RSS SHINING A LIGHT IN HAITI'S DARKEST PLACES AT DREXEL UNIVERSITY LAWYERS’ EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE NETWORK [page 2] [page 3] NEGLECT IN THE ENCAMPMENTS: LA HAITI'S SECOND-WAVE HUMANITARIAN DISASTER PRESENTED TO THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS WASHINGTON, D.C. MARCH 23, 2010 The LAMP for Haïti Foundation The Drexel Haïti Justice Project at The Earle Mack School of Law Bureau des Avocats Internationaux Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haïti Lawyers’ Earthquake Response Network [page 4] Neglect in the Encampments: Haïti’s Second-Wave Humanitarian Disaster Copyright © 2010 EMSoL All rights reserved. Photographs: Tom Griffin The Earle Mack School of Law at Drexel University (EMSolL) 3320 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Tel: +1 215 571 4815, Fax: +1 215 571-4730 DrexelHJP@gmail.com The LAMP for Haïti Foundation [LAMP) P.O. Box 39703 Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA Tel: +1 267 295 2822, Fax: +1 267 295 2822 admin@lampforhaiti.org The Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haïti (IIDH}/ Lawyers’ Earthquake Response Network {(LERN) P.O. Box 745 Joseph, OR 97846 USA Tel: +1 541 432 0597 info@iidh.org Bureau des Avocats Internationaux (BA) No. 3, 2eme Impasse Lavaud Port-au-Prince Haiti 19048 B.P. avokahaiti@iidh.org Haïtian Education & Leadership Program (HELP) P.O. Box 1532 New York, NY 10159 Tel: +1 646 485 8667 HELP Center #17 Rue Rimpel (ci devant rue O) Turgeau, Port-au-Prince Haiti 611 W.I. Tel: +11 509 2943 0760, +11 509 2943 0796 info@haitianeducation.org [page 5] TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY rrerenrereneneomeneneneneeneneneenenecneneneneneeneneeneneneenenneneeen ne neeneeneenenenneneesneneneeenenenenee INTRODUCTION srreerenrcrenenenmeneneneneceeneneeneneseeneneneneneneneeneneeeneeneenenen ne neenene seen een eee nenene ee eneneeneee À METHODOLOGY rrroneoreoroneeneonomenenroneoneononenonsoncononsosceneenescenensoneneesoeneseencenneenencenesesceneesoesesencerene ressens À SURVEY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS..nrnrnnrrnrrnrrrenenrereenneneneneenenenrneeeneneeneeneseneneeneneeneensneneesmenenerncnes Ô PLACE ST. PIERRE OVERALL DESCRIPTION srermnrrenenrreneneereneneneenenerenenennenenneneneneneneenenenneneeeneneeemeeneeseeneneneenenceeee À À SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS snrereneermrnererenenenenenenenrenenenenerenenenmeneneneneenenenmeneeeneneemenenenenee À FAMILY PROFILE sssssrnnsernnnrnsnneserenseeesenenesenneneonennenseceneesceseneenceneroseeneoneomeneoneecee | 2 RELEVANT BAI FINDINGSnnrrrrrnrnrnrnrrreerrnereneesmeneeereeeneneneeneneereneeneeenenereeeeneeneennseeneneneneneeeee À 2 ACRA OVERALL DESCRIPTION sssssessresoreeressonennenemensencenensocensesoeseeeseceneeoesesseenceresrencneneoreomesrenesccee | 3 SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS smeremenenreneneeenenennereneneneenenereneeneneeeneneneneeeneneneeneesnenenemnenenee À À FAMILY PROFILE nrrrrrnrnrerenennnneeneenenenennenenesnenennenneennenenneneneneeenenneneneensneneenneeneseeneneeneneseeeee À Ô RELEVANT BAI FINDINGSsrrrsrnseneoroneroneonenreeoronresrencneorosneneoneononesnosseneeneonosrensescenerseceseoscenenroscoscee | Ô DIQUINI/ ADVENTIST UNIVERSITY OF HAITI (ADUH) CAMPUS OVERALL DESCRIPTION sermrnrenenrereneenereneneneeneneereneneenenenneneeeneneenenenneeneeneerneeneneneeneenesreeneene À / SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS seossssossosenronmeneononsomenesmeneonensosnenmeseenenseenceneeseeseeseeneeresrescnereseesence | 8 FAMILY PROFILE nrrrrrnrnrerenennnneenreneenennenenesneneneeneneenenneneneneeeneneeneneensneneenneeneseeneneeneneseeeee À D RELEVANT BAI FINDINGSnnnrrnrrnrnrnrnrrenerrnrnenenrrneneneneneeneeneenenenereneeneneenenereeeeneerenerseeneneorenenceeee 2 O CHAMP DE MARS OVERALL DESCRIPTION srermmnrerenenerenenenenenenenreneneenenenrenenenneneeeneenenenneneesnenenesneeeneseenenenneneseseenee À Ï SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS smrrmeneereneneeonenenrereneneneenenenreneeneneeeneneneneeerenenenenereneneseneneree À À FAMILY PROFILE ssssrsnnennnrnsnneseneneeeesennenennensenenrensesceneeseeneneenceneroseeneoneoneseoneecee 2 3 RELEVANT BAI FINDINGSnnrrrrnrnrnrnrrrenenrnereneenneeeereeeneneneeneneeeeeneesnenereeneneneereneeseeneneereneneeeee À À Bouzi OVERALL DESCRIPTION ssssessrersoreeresesennenemensoncenensocenseoeneeeseceneeeenesseoncenesnencneneoreosesreneccccee 2 5 SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS smrrmenenmeneneeenenenereneneneenenereneneneneneeneneneneneereneenenereneneseeneneree À Ô FAMILY PROFILE rrrrernrnrrrenenrnrnenneneneeneneneseneneeneneneneneeneenenennenenenneneneeneneenesneneneeneneeeneneneenese À 1 RELEVANT BAI FINDINGS sr meoroseronsosenreroroeresrencneonooneneoneononrenosneneeneonenreseceneeseseeescenerosceecee 2 7 PARC LA COURONNE OVERALL DESCRIPTION srmrmmrnrereneemenererneneeeneneeeneeeneneeenenenenenneneeemeneneenenenenenenenenenenenesesrenenee À B SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS sossssorsosemonsoneonensoneneenenconensenenmeseenenseenceneneseeneseencenesrescenencsesee ve 2 D FAMILY PROFILE nrrrrrnrnrerenennnnenenreneenennenenesnenenn nee neneenenene ne neneeneennsnenenesneneeseeneneereneseeee S À RECOMMENDATIONS rerrmrrenmmenerenenenenrneneeenenenneneneneenenenneneneneneneenenenneneenneneneneneeneneneeneneeeneneenenennsee À CONCLUSION srsrssroseeseonomenronenenrononmenreneosonnensoecenensoeseneneecenensoeseseenoeneenencenenseeceneeseesessereneesrencenenescesceeeee À À APPENDIX A: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS snmremmnereneneenrneneeeneneneneeneeneneeneneneeneeneneneneneeneneeeneneereneeee DS APPENDIX B: URGENT NEEDS ACROSS COMMUNES (BAI FINDINGS) 35 [page 6] Two months after Haïiti’s devastating January "Food deliveries have been sporadic, 12, 2010 earthquake, and despite a massive infrequent, and apparently arbitrary; international mobilization of aid, hundreds of * Less than a quarter of people in IDP camps thousands of earthquake survivors live without have enclosed, waterproof housing; : ne : "_ Sanitation conditions are deplorable. basic human necessities, especially shelter, water, . k na Contaminated water forces many to purchase food and medical care. These violations of Water despite meager resources. Haïitians’ economic and social human rights have Additionally, latrines are scarce and fill been widely reported in the press, but the problem quickly, requiring people to defecate on the : : : ground or in plastic bags. persists. Earthquake survivors continue to suffer . à . . . 1: . : “ Medical care has been inconsistent and short and die because aid is not reaching those in need. . : term, and there is no mental health services Experts predict a second catastrophe as the at any surveyed camp; and impending rainy season combined with poor “There were no plans in place to help return sanitation, overcrowded and leaky housing, and camp residents to selfsufficiency. No inadequate food and medicine create epidemics of surveyed camps had plans to establish di schools, employ workers, or give special Isease. Le. . . attention to the most vulnerable: children, Two organizations that work with Haiti’s poor, the elderly, the infirm and the disabled. With the U.S.-based LAMP for Haïti and the Port-au- no nationwide resetilement or rebuilding Prince based Bureau des Avocats Internationaux plan, many have resigned themselves to 1. more permanent stay in the encampments. (BAIÏ), undertook to measure the difference P Y P between the aid promised to Haïti and the aid The people interviewed identified procedural actually received on the streets of Portau-Prince shortcomings in the aid response that contributed and nearby cities. They collected data aboutthe to substantive failures in aid delivery. Time and current living conditions of earthquake survivors, again participants noted how aid could be then recruited researchers, statisticians, law distributed better despite the many obstacles students and lawyers who processed the data and imposed by the earthquake. Yet, because people generated the current report. in the camps have not been consulted, their The two surveys used different methodologies. suggestions have not been integrated into the aid LAMP sent a team of U.S.-based investigators, who response. Instead, aid is delivered according to worked with Haitian student volunteers to conduct plans drawn up outside the camps, with no intensive interviews with 90 families in six different apparent consultation with people inside the Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps from camps. February 22-25, 2010. The BAI asked Haitian Of course, more aid is reaching Haïti’s grassroots organizations to conduct more earthquake victims every day, so in the time it took streamlined interviews with members of their to process the data and write this report, conditions communities and received information from 4,528 may have improved. But all the information families in six communes (municipalities) the week received up to the date of this report suggests that of February 15. while the specific numbers of people receiving help The information collected from both surveys Will have improved, an enormous gap between aid demonstrates that far too many earthquake victims promised and aid received persists on the ground. have not received the basic aid necessary to sustain human life: L [page 7] INTRODUCTION Within hours of the January 12, 2010 earth- The camp appeared to hold some 5,000 peo- quake, Haiïtian families fled their collapsed homes ple. It was bordered by a dirt road and a cement and businesses and set up camp with their few re- wall that stretched 250 meters. At first glance it maining possessions on the closest plots of open seemed to be an organized camp that had been land that could meet their immediate need for shel- receiving adequate attention from relief agencies. ter. These camps were not established with assis This view changed quickly upon entering the west tance from the Haitian government, foreign aid or side of the camp . Hundreds of boisterous camp relief agencies, but were spontaneous gatherings residents were being forced into a straight line of Haitians seeking safety and survival in numbers. against the cement wall. A contingent of approxi- Despite international pledges of aid, the eco- mately 30 U.N. soldiers from Jordan were yelling nomic and social rights of displaced persons contin- orders and scolding the people in Arabic. They car- ue to be violated by failures in aid distribution to ried elongated wooden batons in their hands and those who need it most. The purpose of this report were beaïing people ifthey did not properly form is to illustrate the systemic neglect of basic human a line. Other soldiers had their backs to the line of needs with an aim toward improving relief efforts. people and were pointing their M-16 rifles into the It also seeks to put a face to a few of the morethan camp, standing alongside what appeared to be one million people displaced by the earthquake. newly-laid coils of razor wire. Take one example: After about 25 minutes in the hot sun, a two-by- two line was formed stretching the length of the On February 25, 2010, the LAMP for Haiti Task cement wall, with the soldiers threatening the peo- Force was driving just west of Port-au-Prince on the ple into stillness. None ofthe observers knew why south side of National Route 1. A loud commotion the people were lining up, but those in line all held and the movement of heavily-armed U.N. soldiers “tickets” and said that food was about to be dis- drew the investigators to the camp known as tributed. Marassa #11. A few minutes after the line had formed to the soldiers’ satisfaction, an “all clear” call was made. D. QAR 7 | - À bi Et En the camp prior to food distribution. 2 [page 8] Large trucks began to pull into the camp perimeter The Marassa #11 event witnessed by the inves- road and set up just in front of the line of people. tigators is just one of many examples of depriva- Some got out and stretched a massive banner, tion, neglect, and mistreatment in the camps.* “ERA — Evangelical Relief Agency”, in front ofthe Without the input of residents themselves, aid is dis- line of Haïtians. Once the banner was in position, tributed in irrational, even inhumane Ways. The fol- the crew in the back of the trucks gave each person lowing data collected by and for Haïtians help one large clear plastic bag. Observed in the bags demonstrate the disconnect between the aid that was a liter-sized bottle of cooking oil, about two has been pledged and the actual conditions on the pounds of rice, and about a pound of dried beans. ground. It is hoped this evidence will be used to One resident said this was only the second time give Haïitians greater voice in how aid is distribut- since the earthquake that food had been brought ed, as well as to put the international community to the camp. And, even on those two occasions not on notice of the need to respect, protect, and fulfill everyone was provided for. Some residents stated Haïitians’ economic and social rights. that they either did not know the man who had dis- tributed the tickets and so were left out, or they did not want to fight for the tickets the day before. es Li HOLD ES + — À fe - LES FA RE, EC OERETER EEEES FT Pair Ye A BTE EN Sn ge æ À RE RS Re ES SR une © ) 14°? 4 1 s\' #4 Q » NN VI f nu RES 2 1 AUS TOUR __ Concertina wire acts as a cordon between those A baton-wielding U.N. soldier removes an individual from waiting for food and the rest of the camp. the queue. * For recent documentation of conditions, see the 90 second video created by the New Media Advocacy Project, which visited several camps between March 19-21, 2010. N-MAP, Haïti IDP Camp Commission Video, available athitp:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=rULaFfglrz8. 3 [page 9] LAMP FOR HAITI TASK FORCE! were conducted in Creole by the bilingual volun- teers and responses were written in English. Re- From February 22-25, 2010, LAMP for Haiti, spondents were eligible for participation if they together with the Haïti Justice Project of Drexel Uni- Jived at one ofthe six camps, were the head of versity Law School and a team of Haitian university their household, and gave written consent to be students, conducted a detailed, family-centered interviewed. study of the conditions in several major camps of internally displaced persons in and around Port-au- . e 4 Prince, Haïti. A small sample were surveyed from BUREAU DES AVOCATS INTERNATIONAUX (BAI} camps in the following communes? The Bureau of Avocats Internationaux (BAI) car- " Place St. Pierre in Pétionville 10,330 residents ried out a survey with similar objectives of describ- * Acra in Delmas 17,500 residents ing earthquake losses and demonstrating continu- 4 * Diquini/Adventist University 13,939 residents ing need for relief. Respondents consisted of 4,528 in Carrefour earthquake victims who were interviewed in and " Champ de Mars in Port-au-Prince 35,602 residents around Portau-Prince during the week of February " Bouzi in Croix-des-Bouquets 45,008 residents 15, 2010. " Parc La Couronne in Cité Soleil 8,200 residents . . ÎThe LAMP for Haïti/Haiti Justice Project at Drexel Law (HJP) Ofthe approximately 99,140 displaced PErSONnS directed and supervised the investigation in the IDP camps in in these select communes, 90 were selected at ran- and around Port-au-Prince. Thomas M. Griffin, Esq., and the . . HJP drafted the investigative interview protocol, trained the dom for the survey, ranging from nine to 23 per investigative team, and supervised the investigation in the camp. This study is meant to capture data regard- camps. In-country assistance was provided by the Lamp for . nm ne . Haiti’s in-country manager, Myrlene Dominique. The task ing the families in the camps and their living condi- force investigators in the camps were 14 Haitian college stu- tions: dents on full academic scholarship via the Haïtian Education & Leadership Program (HELP) who were not then able to attend classes due to the earthquake damage. Their names and re- “their voluntary or forced changes in locations specive universities appear in Appendix À. k . k . Haiti is divided into 10 départements. The départements are " their changes in socIo-economic cIrcum- subdivided into arrondissements, which are further subdivided stances into communes, and then quartiers [neighborhoods). For the purposes of this survey, we will name the neighborhoods as "the provision of aid/relief to them they were referred to by the interviewers. These may not al- ful d ways be their official names. * any purposelul progress toward permanent 3 Camp sizes are taken from estimates provided by the Inter- resettlement national Organization for Migration/Camp Coordination and . . Camp Management Cluster Haïti. CCCM Cluster in Haiti, 16- * _the best practices of the interested 03-10 Displacement Tracking Matrix, available at: http:// governments and relief agencies groups.google.com/group/ccemhaiti?pli=1 [hereinafter CCCM Cluster in Haïti]. * the most grave deprivations AThe Bureau des Avocats Internationaux {BAI}, an Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haïti (IJDH) affiliate, is a human s d d'by 14 stud | rights law firm based in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. BAI represents urveys Were conducted by 14 student volun- Lolitical prisoners, documents human rights violations, and teers who were split into seven teams. The teams spearheads the prosecution of human rights cases. BAI Man- lected fifth tent in th tion É int aging Attorney Mario Joseph organized the survey and expe- seléctea every fiih tent in The section for an inter- rienced investigators with sociology training conducted a one- view until all the surveys for that particular team day training for two groups of survey administrators at the leted. | : based BAI. Sarah Dougherty of IJDH coordinated the data analysis were completed. Interviews were based on surveys & cm for both surveys. The team consisted of statisticians from consisting of 109 uniform questions. Interviews America, Canada and Australia who were largely affiliated With the Lawyers’ Earthquake Response Network (LERN). 4 [page 10] Six communes were surveyed: of the limited sample size, these results should only = Port-au-Prince 2,635 respondents be taken to illustrate conditions for the small sam- " Carrefour 828 respondents ple of displaced persons who were surveyed at the “ Pétionville 535 respondents various encampments. For the BAI surveys, some " Petit Goave 130 respondents respondents were excluded because their respons- * Croix-desBouquets 104 respondents es were too incomplete for valid analysis. " Delmas 26 respondents For a complete breakdown of the sixty neigh- Report Structure borhoods canvassed, please see Summary Appen- The LAMP for Haïti surveys were designed with dix B: Urgent Needs Across Communes [BAI Find- à detailed but conversationdl structure allowing ings}. Interviews were conducted by 20 members ample opportunity for families to express them- of grassroots organizations Who surveyed their selves via open-ended questions. Providing the own communities. Each volunteer received training _ families an outlet to openly describe their living at BAL. Respondents were told that their answers conditions, including frustrations and grievances, would merely be used to assess their needs and worked toward the concomitant goal of gaining would not affect their ability to get aid. The survey their confidence for long-term participation. The consisted of uniform spreadsheets, which sought to leadership of Haitian student investigators adds obtain the following information: strength to the study by increasing confidence in the validity of responses for purposes of data anal- + the size of pre-earthquake households ysis. However, it also creates a channel of empow- “the number of family members killed, injured, erment by and for the Haitian people. or missing in the earthquake | The BAI surveys complement the sims and ob- h jectives of the LAMP for Haïti surveys in several re- * the postearthquake household composition spects. First, because of the greater sample size, it by gender lends statistical strength to similar findings and also * the number of children in the family provides a point of comparison with other organi- * whether the house had been destroyed, zations’ and agencies’ needs assessments. Second, damaged, or unharmed it illuminates another dimension of the displaced * whether households faced urgent need for person problem by surveying many individuals aid who did not live in camps. Finally, it similarly adds + whether they needed water, food, important civil society participation in gathering the medicine, clothing, tents data and defining its uses in improving aïd distribu- tion. To be eligible to participate in the survey, re- The following report describes living conditions spondents had to be mature individuals who could and aid ProvISIoN Gross SI camps surveyed by speak on behalf of their postearthquake house- the LAMP for Haiti Task Force. Unless otherwise hold. Each gave verbal consent to be interviewed. indicated, all data refer to that study. Each section begins with a Summary of Key Findings followed by an overall description of each camp, a summary Data Analysis of camp conditions, and a profile of one of the fam- For the respective surveys, responses were cod- ilies surveyed. Each section then concludes with a ed and entered in Microsoft Excel format. Data summary of relevant BAI findings to provide fur- were then exported into a Stata, SPSS or SAS sta- ther context where the data are available. tistical database for descriptive analysis. Because 5 [page 11] SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS Children. Seventy two percent of house- Pétionville and Acra, with 73% and 53% holds surveyed had children who are now reporting no access to sanitation facilities. unable to attend school because of the Food. Half of respondents reported buying earthquake. The situation was the worst their food while a quarter reported get- at Acra, where the average family had ting food from relatives, friends, or neigh- three to four schookaged children. bors. Nearly half reported not receiving Deaths. Ten percent of households reported any food aid, with the greatest need at a death. Respondents at Pétionville report- Champ de Mars and Acra (83% and 70% ed the most deaths (42% of households). reporting no food aid, respectively}. Losses. Ninety four percent could no longer Medical Care. Nearly half of respondents live in their homes due to earthquake reported at least one sick person in their damage and 73% had no access to in- household. However, 28% had not had come or savings. access to medical care. The situation was Shelter. At least fifteen percent lived in the worst at Acra, where 61% had not open-air situations without tents, tarps, or had access to medical care. sheltering materials. The situation was the Aid Provision. Just 64% of respondents re- worst at Croix-des-Bouquets and Diquini/ ported ever having received any type of ADUH (44% and 36% respectively]. aid, but most still needed food, water, Water. Just half of respondents had re- shelter, and work opporitunities. Nineteen ceived drinking Water and 39% had only percent had had to pay for some type of received non-drinking water. The situation Adlendlo thoulbeentdenedandidiere was the worst at Acra and Croix-des- lack of resources. The situation was worst Bouquets, where only 35% and 44% had at Champ de Mars, with half of respond- received any Water aid. ents having had to pay for aid. Sanitation. Thirty five percent reported no access to facilities for bathing, toilets, or washing clothes. The need was greatest at ALL ENCAMPMENTS Household Profile Displacement Status Households often changed in size after the thquake, either b: | killed Forty percent of households surveyed arrived at EATAAUaRE, ERNET PECAUSE PEOP Were KE or . because families were no longer living with the their camp on the day of the earthquake and an- ue ke . . D Le same individuals. In the LAMP for Haïti study, fami- other 42% arrived within the next four days. The k maiority chose their camp because of its proximity lies tended to get smaller. Frequenily the nuclear p P unit remained intact but lost members of extended to home. k family. By contrast, the BAI study showed very 6 [page 12] large families, possibly due to a looser interpreta- sample size. It is likely there are far fewer with ac- tion of “household.” lt is also possible that house- cess to income. holds gained dependents in the form of other rela- tives or neighbors Earthquake Losses The LAMP for Haïti study showed 72% of house Gfihe 90 LAMP for Haïti respondents, only holds had at least one child in school before the 13% had a family member who died during the earthquake; almost 50% had three or more chil- earthquake. Four households lost two members dren in school. Since the schools were closed after 4 one household lostthree members. We do not the earthquake, none of these children are nowin Lhiowthe representativeness of the six camps sur- school. The BAI study confirmed that 50% of those veyed. Nevertheless, linear regression shows that surveyed had at least one child and 25% had three ;b} humber of deaths per household appear gener- or more children per household. ally consistent with national estimates: of the two to three million Haïitians affected by the earthquake, Employment Loss approximately 200,000 to 300,000 (or 10%) died. Before the earthquake, nearly all households in Additionally, 42% of households had a member the LAMP for Haïti study had some form of income, who was injured in the earthquake. The BA study usually one unmarried adult member of the house- also showed minimal loss of life and limb. Ninety hold. Only seven percent of households were com- P©'<ent did not report a death and 79% did not re- pletely without earnings prior to the earthquake. port anyone injured. These findings likely un- Yet our study shows that 64% of respondents lost derrepresent the problem because many people employment or income as a result of the earth- who were severely injured may have been at a quake. Only 27% currently have access to earn- hospital or other camps known to have medical ings, donations or remittances. However, this figure "aiment. In the LAMP for Haïti study, 94% of may be somewhat misleading because of the small homes were rendered completely uninhabitable by the earthquake. This general finding was confirmed Figure 1: Impact of the earthquake (% who lost employment; % with injuries in house- holds; % with deaths in households; % whose homes are no longer habitable) 100 90 Loos £ 70 = 60 ë 50 # 40 # 30 20 10 0 T 7 - Employment loss At least one memberAt least one member House fully occurred of family injured of family died destroyed (N=75) (N= 84) (N=84) (N=90) Impact of the earthquake by category Note: Total employment loss occurred as a result ofthe earthquake n=58; At least one member of fam- ily member injured during the earthquake n=35; At least one member of family member died during the earthquake n= 16; House fully destroyed n=37 during the earthquake. 7 [page 13] by BAI, which found 93% of homes damaged by Water the earthquake. In the BAI study, 61% to 100% of respondents needed water urgently. In the LAMP for Haïti study, Shelter the most common method of obtaining drinking Our findings show lack of adequate shelter to water was buying it (38%), followed by receiving it be a serious concern. In the LAMP for Haiti study, from an organization (33%). Fifty-two percent of 15% lived completely exposed to the open air and respondents have had some drinking water provid- 58% only had flimsy tarps or cramped tents. Near- ed to them, and 39% have gotten only non-drinking ly three quarters of those surveyed had not re- water. The Red Cross was the agency mentioned ceived any shelter assistance, suggesting they had most often as providing water relief. It is worth not- to salvage what materials they could. Similarly, in ing that even though limited water services do exist the BAI study, from 65% to 100% of respondents in the camps, people are often buying drinking wa- needed tents. Although at least 228,109 tarps and ter because only Doctors Without Borders and Ad- 31,000 family sized tents have already been ventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) distributed by aid agencies,5 our combined findings provide treated water. People mention that there is suggest emergency shelter aid is not reaching all plenty of water from the Red Cross, but it is dirty or those in need. One must note, too, the complete untreated. The Pétionville families appeared to lack of furniture in the shelters. People must siton have access to more Water than other camps but the ground or on the cement below them or, at extremely poor access to toilets and bathing facili- best, on a pile of clothing salvagedfromthenow ties. destroyed home. Some lucky ones can lie down on a piece of cardboard. Sanitation The true misery cannot be captured in the frame More than a third of LAMP for Haïti respond- of a camera lens. It is in the heat, the flies, the ents had no access to bathing facilities. When stench and the lack of privacy. Heat increases as it asked where they urinated, the most common re- becomes trapped under the tarps and between sponse Was in or near the street. People defecate in walls of sheets. With only four, five or six foot ceil- public latrines but also in the street when the la- ings, the hottest spot is alWays at your neck and trines are intolerably dirty or unavailable. The data head. Inside a tent, it is a waste oftime and energy do not fully capture the privacy and safety level of to wipe the sweat away, as it pours down your sanitation facilities for women, but the responses back, chest, and legs. The lack of walls, windows, suggest many Women are relieving themselves in and fences strips people of their privacy at every public areas where men are also present. This rais- turn, so that no intimate actfrom dressing or go- es urgent questions about whether women feel ing to the toilet to bathing or merely engaging in safe and what kind of security measures are in conversation with another becomes intrusively pub- blace to make sure that these are not locations of lic. The flies make for a constant hum everywhere. botential attacks. Within a tarp shelter, without Walls or screens, bunches of flies freely light on the food, on an un- Food washed dish, a bucket someone had used as a toi- 5 let, and then on a child's face. Although the investi- U.N. Organization for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs . . ne . (OCHA), Haïti Earthquake Situation Report No. 28, March 11, gators did not work at night, it is assumed that, like 2010 available athttp://oneresponse.info/Disasters/Haiti/ everywhere else in Haïti, the mosquitoes take over Coordination/publicdocuments/OCHA%20Situation% the same positions When the sun sets, to trouble 20Report%20No.28,%20Haiti%20Earthquake%20-%2011% everyone’s sleep until dawn. 20March%20201 0.pdf [hereinafter OCHA Situation Report No. 28]. 8 [page 14] The BAI study revealed that 66% to 100% of issues. Less than a third of respondents reported respondents urgently needed food relief. Half of that someone in their family had received medical LAMP for Haïti families surveyed bought their food treatment for their injuries. Even if people weren't while a quarter received food from friends, family, _injured as a result of the earthquake, many contin- or neighbors. Seventeen percent received food ue to need treatment and medicine because of from an aid organization and the rest reported that preexisting conditions like hypertension and diabe- they had no food. The majority of families reported tes. The earthquake has injured some and limited either receiving no food aid (49%) or receiving it access to proper treatment for most. just once (31%). The food situations appeared worst in Champ de Mars and Acra where more General Aid Provision in Camps than three quarters reported receiving no food re- lief. Our limited findings appear to confirm general Ofthe over 4,500 BAI respondents, the over- figures that 70% of people living in settlements in whelming majority urgently needed some form of earthquake-affected areas require food assistance. assistance. Similarly, LAMP for Haïti respondents reported that they needed the following types of Medical Care aid the most but were not receiving it: food (73%), shelter (68%), work (31%), water (22%), money Nearly half of LAMP for Haïti respondents re- (22%), toilets and bathing facilities (13%), medical ported having at least one sick person in their attention [12%], security (8%), and clothing [4%]. camp household, yet this figure is likely underre- pi strongly suggests that basic living needs are ported because the question was a write-in re- not being met, despite occasional distributions of sponse. People reported having the following ill 4. Alarmingly, 19% of households reported hav- nesses in camp: influenza, malaria, diarrhea or di- ing to pay for some type of aid and 10% reported gestive illness, eye illnesses, aches and pains, stress being denied aid because they could not pay. related illnesses, heart conditions, allergies, gen- eral infection, vaginal infection, and respiratory Figure 2: Aid Needed Most and Not Received Food ; Shelter $ Work ÿ Money Water ; Toilet and Bathing ÿ Medical attention 3 Security DS 5 Clothing Je | | Ê 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Frequency (%) Respondents reported that they needed the following types of aid the most but were not receiving it: Food: 73%, Shelter: 68% Work: 31%, Water: 22%, Money: 22%, Toilets and bathing facilities: 13%, Medi. cal attention: 12%, Security: 8%, Clothing: 4% 9 [page 15] FRSNEA EE LA ee ee QUES SCA STE ne 1,7. AN Na ne PLACE ST. PIERRE IN |" mor bis LAS \ LUCE jar. LA |! 82 F2 # PÉTIONVILLE RS <4 A D le pe POSER. A SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS be ne Bei, =: - Household. Half of respondents had six or É ss Sr _ more family members. Nearly 90% had chil- Pétionville camp. Rows oftents line a Walking path dren who could no longer attend school. running through a public square. Deaths. Forty two percent had at least one member who died. landscaped trees are plentiful. The park slopes P P P P RTS NIGER QUEUES from the east down to the west side. in their homes. Shelter. Ten percent lived without tents or tarps. Camp Residents Water and Sanitation. Thirty percent bought There are 10,330 total individuals living in the drinking water and 73% had no access to toi- Place St. Pierre camp, or 2,066 families.” The LAMP lets or bathing facilities. for Haiti Task Force surveyed 22 individuals. The Food. Half bought their food while a quarter camp Was densely packed with a combination of : : : adjoining tents and makeshift tarp and bed sheet got food from relatives, friends, or neighbors. n À third had never received any food relief shelters. Many families had set up on the grass or from aid agencies. the cement plaza areas. Readily observable was a k . six-inch wide trench, about two inches deep, that Medical Care. More than 60% had a family : : b h cck wound around the edges of many shelters in a gi- MmemPer WA Was SIeK. ant snake-like maze. The residents explained that Aid Provision. Fourteen percent reported hav- they catch the water coming down the slope of the ing had to pay for aid. land, and redirect it around each shelter, until it reaches the street on the west end of the park. OVERALL DESCRIPTION Camp Management Camp Location The camp is a spontaneous setilement that is The main site name is Place St. Pierre, a tradi- not managed by an outside agency. The residents tional public park surrounded by hotels, a police surveyed stated that there is a “camp committee” station, a large women's prison, the mayor’s office, Which is in charge of maintaining the massive wa- and a church, Legliz St. Pierre. It is located in ter bladders that had been set up in two locations Pétionville, section 7ème Bellevue Chardonnière, of the camp on wooden platforms by the interna- and the area name is Ri Lamarre ot Moise. The tional NGO called CARE (which also has a large, main part of the park is a square of about 200 me- gated office complex just two blocks from the ters on each side. It is a mix of cement walkways camp}. No one, however, could say how that com- that wind through the otherwise grassy park, and 7 The CCCM Cluster in Haïti, supra note 3. 10 [page 16] mittee came into being. Security, they stated, was jured. Additionally, 90% of homes were rendered provided by the police, many of whom are easily uninhabitable; 45% were completely destroyed. observed sitting by the dozens in the shade of their large station house just off the east, or upper, end Shelter, Water, Food and Medical Care ofthe park. One out of every 10 families surveyed lived without any shelter whatsoever. The rest had a SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS tarp or tents, but more than half had not received any sheltering materials from aid agencies, sug- Household Profile gesting they had to forage for materials them- The 22 families surveyed ranged in size from selves. Additionally, four out of 10 families did not one to 15 people. Half had at least six members to have a single mat to sleep on. Thirty percent provide for in the camp and nearly 90% had chil. bought water while 40% received water from an dren who were no longer able to attend school. organization. Nearly three out of every four re- One family had nine children under age 17. Before spondents stated they had no access to bathing fa- the earthquake, 10 families had owned their cilities. Additionally, half of the families bought homes. This relatively high rate of home ownership their food while a quarter received food from contrasted sharply with the other camps surveyed friends, family, or neighbors. Although 67% had and seemed to reflect the relative affluence of Pé- received some food aid at some point, 33% had tionville. Further interviewing revealed that many never received any food aïd at all. More than 60% of the families had inherited their houses, had no of families had at least one member who was cur- money to rebuild, and did not have homeowners’ rently sick. insurance. Most had lost employment or income as a result of the earthquake. Aid Provision More than three quarters of households report- Earthquake Losses ed receiving aid, but 14% reported paying for aid. Households surveyed in Place St. Pierre suf- The types of aid people most frequenily reported fered more deaths and injuries than households in needing but not receiving were food and shelter, other camps. Forty two percent had at least one indicating their most basic needs had not been met. family member who died in the earthquake and 62% had at least one family member who was in- RES CRUE EM, T STSRNL- 0 HORVNENN JR 757 rm à - TNT PPT nl de Dr LE Children clean themselves in a makeshift bathing station Manasse Elusma, investigator, speaks with residents ofthe 11 [page 17] FAMILY PROFILE: THE JOASSAINT KETNA FAMILY Toilets and Bathing. Men and women bathe, The Family Before urinate, and defecate behind any housing structures left standing around the camp. Joassaint lived in Nazon with her husband, They have no access to toilets. daughiter, brother, and cousin. Her daughter is two Medical Aid. There is a health clinic set up near years old and attended school. They rented a the camp by the Red Cross, adjacent to the home in Nazon in six month increments at the cost police station. of US$230. She lived in the home for over two Sleeping Conditions/Privacy. The family has years and was the only member of her household no mats to sleep on. There is no place for pri- who earned an income. Prior to the earthquake, vacy. Joassaint was a self-employed merchant, earning Future Plans. The family does not know how US$270 per month. The family had no access to a long they plan to stay in the camp. There is vehicle and had no savings or property insurance. no plan to move to a permanent home be- cause they have no money. Who and What They Lost No one in the family was killed or injured by Urgent Needs the earthquake. The house Was partially destroyed Joassaint stated that the policemen are some- and is unsafe for habitation. All their goods were times violent with the people in the camp. The fami- lost inside the home. They believe there is no possi- ly’s current most urgent needs are food and tempo- bility for them to return to their home because there rary shelter, which they have not yet received. She is no shelter for them there anymore. said that if she could change anything at the camp, she would organize the aid distributions better. The Family Now The family unit remains the same. They came to RELEVANT BAI FINDINGS live at Pétionville on January 13, 2010 due to BAI surveyed 535 households in Pétionville. House- homelessness. They are currently living on the hold size ranged from one to 21 and the number of bare ground under a tent built from a tarp and children ranged from zero to 13. The average wooden poles. The family states that the materials household had five people and fewer than two chil- used to build the camp were not obtained through dren. There were no reports of injured, killed or aid agencies. When the rainy season begins, they missing people. 61% of houses were destroyed plan to ‘stand up” under the tarp. and 26% were damaged. All households urgently need assistance: water (63%), food (93%), medi- Food. The family purchases their food and cine (68%), clothing (65%), and tents (98%). stores it in a corner of their tent. They re- ceived food aid on only one occasion from a distribution by World Vision, an NGO. They cook their own food over a kitchen using char- coal. The family members eat once a day, sometime twice. Drinking Water. The family drinks Water that is brought to them. The Water they use for bath- ing and washing clothes arrives at the camp on a daily basis from CAMEP, the Haitian gov- ernment’s Water authority. 12 [page 18] SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS Era = LA ES PCuuRe, : Gt DORE ME CRETE Household. Half of respondents had five or L re ae Ps es Ve + more family members. Seventy eight percent Ÿ © DRE T je, © <a had children who could no longer attend LE CRT ee - ad HET, | LE school. Most shelters in this vast encampment are cobbled Injuries. Forty one percent had at least one together from whatever materials families can muster. member who was injured. Losses. Ninety six percent could no longer live Nod” and to the right of the road is “Acra Sud” - in their homes. North and South Acra. Shelter. Forty three percent lived with just a tarp and 4% lived fully exposed. Camp Residents Water and Sanitation. Forty four percent Approximately 17,500 people were residing in ÉSTETUTe Late (ta te UNE) ACCESS the camp on the date of the investigation, com- to toilets or bathing facilities. riseda of approximate n amilies. The investi- il bathing Faciliti prised of approxi ly 3,160 families. The i î Food. Half bought their food while a quarter gators surveyed 23 families. Pre-quake incomes of got food from relatives, friends, or neighbors. the surveyed families in Acra, as in most other | Seventy percent had never received any food EU LA CL extremely low, demonstrating that it relief from aid agencies. is the very poor that have gone into and remain in Medical Care. Twenty percent had a famil the camps. The largest pre-quake family income member who was 0 y was US$400 per month for a driver with a family ° of eight. The smallest income recorded was US$71 Aid Provision. Only a third of people had ever per month for a money changer who supported 11 received any type of aid. in his household. Several families had no regular OVERALL DESCRIPTION source of income. Camp Location Camp Management The people have named this camp after the Although there is said to be a “committee” of Acra family that owns the land. Acra is located select de te that manaes the camp, no one near the Delmas 33 neighborhood, which suffered could identify how the re Nav At severe losses of life and property in the quake. lt is . D ° tthe police station and close to the former Fort least two committee members identified themselves pas ” ” k . k as “pastors” and one had set up a covered wor- rison. Upon entering the camp on a dirt road that : . u lits the pee into eo hill rer one is faced ship space at the bottom of the hill at South Acra. P P Y . The survey revealed there to be no formal security With a stark and brutal scene of makeshift shelters at the camp, and no identifiable camo rules. one set on steep, dry, grey barren hills. To the left of the resident ue onded. ‘only God ae s there road is what the people have come to call “Acra P É 77e PRE was no police force and security Was “maintained 13 [page 19] F ' SENTE EE 7 - 1 SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS pr | OP RTL ST] RUTT "4 ti » ” 7 Household Profile ; Z À > # V4 The 23 families surveyed ranged in size from É _ ns f =”, : _, two to nine people. Half of the families surveyed Kai ESR, D rev) JET had at least five household members to provide for Ms = | . ” and 78% had children who were no longer able to sil \ / D attend school. One family had seven children un- + ! FL. jee à der age 17. Before the earthquake, the overwhelm- À Ve. ing majority of those surveyed had been extremely } = RSS poor and survived on subsistence-level incomes CE. TC + without savings, insurance, or other economic secu- er _ : Tr m . rity. Since the earthquake, they have had no source Each family received materials for building a shelter, including two tarps, a 12’ beam, saw and shovel. of income and survive by sharing resources with others. Of those with savings, all reported to have lost their monies in the earthquake, either in their the camp or establishing a permanent home else- destroyed home or because their bank was de- where. stroyed. Shelter Earthquake Losses The families and their temporary shelters were The majority of the families surveyed did not evenly distributed along the slopes of both North lose anyone in the quake, but 41% had family and South Acra. Unlike the downtown camps, the members who sustained injuries. Property damage shelters were relatively spread out. At the top of was substantial and 96% of homes were rendered North Acra, families were living in approximately uninhabitable by the earthquake. Generally, those 80 large ten-person tents given to them by the Is- surveyed in Acra rented their homes, and believe lamic Relief Agency. This tight cluster of neaïly- thot return is impossible because the landlord is not ordered khaki colored tents contrasted sharply rebuilding. The few that did report owning their With the remainder of North Acra and all of South home all stated that they will not return because Acra, where makeshift shelters of scrap wood and they have no money to rebuild. No one surveyed twigs and plastic tarps or bed sheets randomly cov- at Acra had any concrete plan for relocating out of ered the hills. Sixty-seven percent of respondents SR indicated they had not received any kind of shelter- 1 TURS ae ee à a ing material. DAT ASE e- On the date of the investigation, women were =. 4 É 4 TA Re pi 2 FE sighted carrying two folded tarps on their heads, a Es aise À D ARE 4 1 2-foot plank in one hand dragging along the 1. Ka AA a , - . A Ga Ne s op ground, and a sack containing a shovel and a saw. >. Es Ve 2 ee & > VIOL D Further investigation found that people were run- t FN : ts * is t ning to a site where the Red Cross was giving out Ÿ hi 4 < * | à these “sets of material” to whoever could get 5 … A. JM md + AA , through the crowd and reach the back of the truck 3, Qué V: 3 for a handout. Later, the investigators observed the : recipients cutting the single plank lengthwise and Camp residents arrive too late for the distribution of cross-wise, sculpting a small horizontal plot out of building materials. Le : : the hillside, and planting the boards in the ground 14 [page 20] to make the four corners of a shelter. No relief TI} ‘4 Fe 1 workers were observed providing assistance or en / 1 instruction in the use of these items for the building ä | of shelters. | | x & ÿ Water \ Âsr f | / Only 35% of families surveyed reported being | D ) y provided with drinking water. Sixty percent of wa- | & ter relief was provided by the French Red Cross, A: pe" l but it was described by residents as “lou” or heavy À PE AN , water that stuck in their chest all day. The water \ LE Æ was said to “goute lame a” or “taste like the sea.” EEE EEE EE Many used this Water only for bathing (filling a bucket and taking it back to their shelters to bathe) and washing clothes. If residents wanted palatable that they had never received food aid. Further in- drinking water, they had to purchase it, as 44% re- vestigation revealed that when the food aid did ported doing. come, it was preceded by the distribution of “tickets” on the day before, which had to be shown Sanitation in order to receive a food package. There were far fewer tickets than families in Acra and, according The French Red Cross built latrines at the camp, à, some, the single resident chosen to distribute the but all reported that the hole in the ground was too à Lei first allotted them to friends and family. Half shallow and filled up too quickly. Residents then of respondents were forced to spend meager re- tore down the latrines, made a row of planks and urces buying food and an additional 25% re- tarps for privacy, and rebuilt the latrines over a ceived handouts from friends, relatives, or neigh- much larger hole that they dug themselves. Privacy Lors. was minimal, with only tarps dividing the latrine into four-sided “stalls”. À total of four latrines were} dial Care seen in the camp. There were no supplies or equipment to main- There had never been any medical aid at the tain the latrines. With over 17,000 men, women, camp and 20% of respondents had at least one and children in Acra, the latrines quickly became member who was currently sick. Given the unsani- revolting and unsanitary. As a result, it was widely tary conditions, lack of food and clean water, and reported that the people refused to use the latrines sheer density of population, this figure is likely un- and instead urinated and defecated somewhere derreported. near their shelters, on the ground, in buckets, or in plastic bags. More than half of respondenits stated Aid Provision they had no access to baïhing facilities. Only a third of people ever reported receiving Food any type of aid, yet nearly all needed food and In the course of the 42 days that the camp had 8As a result of this finding (as well as the observation of a been in existence, those surveyed overwhelmingly child too sick to stand and a woman with two amputated reported that relief in the form of food aid had fee in fes bandages], the LAMP for Haïti, which runs a ree medical clinic in Cité Soleil, instituted a mobile clinic been provided only one time, in the form of dry which began on Monday, March 1, 2010, and which re- rice and beans for cooking. Seventy percent stated re to je era camp for free medical services every Mon- ay and Friday afternoon. 15 [page 21] shelter relief. Nevertheless, several residents indi- Food. Food has come from “friends” and twice cated aid cards were not being distributed to the from a distribution by an NGO she could not entire camp, and that when aïd arrived, it was fre- name. They eat approximately one time per quenily seized by “dreadful men” who took all of day, cooking with tree branches that one of the provisions. This is corroborated by a series of her sons cuts from nearby trees. focus groups conducted by HELP. People in Acra Drinking Water. The family drinks, bathes, and urgently needed housing, food, education, com- washes their clothes with water from the tank merce, health care, agriculture, security, and job set up by the French Red Cross. creation.? Toilets and Bathing. The males and females baïhe and urinate “in the street.” They use a FAMILY PROFILE: THE ADRIENNE RADIUS FAMILY hole at the camp to defecate. Medical Aid. They do not know of any place to The Family Before receive medical aid. Adrienne lived in Delmas 33 with her 65 yÿear- Sleeping Conditions/Privacy. There is one old common law husband and their five children. sleeping mat in Adrienne’s family’s shelter. The children range from age four to18 and all at- There is no place for privacy. tended school. They rented a home in Delmas 33 Future Plans. They have no plans for leaving for US$210, payable every six months, in advance. the camp or moving into any permanent She was the only employed person, working in a housing. factory and earning approximately US$4 per day. They owned a vehicle and had US$60 saved in a Urgent Needs bank account. They had no property insurance. Adrienne stated that the camp needs food, shel- Who and What They Lost ter, and medicine most of all. She stated that only . . : . : very limited aid has come to her from NGOs and No one in the family was killed or injured in the Le Gid has come from the Haitian government. If earthquake. The house was rendered uninhabita- pe could change anything at the camp, Adrienne ble by the quake. They are unable to access their à 5.4 2[she] would provide food to the people, savings because the bank was destroyed. They have good, drinkable water, psychological ser- believe that there is no possibility of returning to vices, and tents.” their home because the house is destroyed. lt has rot been re-built and there is no money to pay the RELEVANT BAI FINDINGS rent, BAI surveyed 26 households in Delmas. House- The Family Now hold size ranged from two to 11 people and the number of children ranged from one to seven. The The family unit remains the same. They set up in average household had five people and three chil- Acra on January 20, 2010, having wandered for dren. Most households reported no injured or days and not found space in any other camps. At killed people and there were no reports of missing one camp, they were not given a tent though many bersons. No homes were destroyed but every tents had been distributed to the camp's inhabit- house was damaged. All households urgently ants. At Acra, they are living in a shelter built from needed some form of assistance: Water (99%), twigs and tarps. There is no income because the food (99%), medicine (100%), clothing (100%), and factory where Adrienne had worked was de- tents (100%). stroyed in the earthquake. Their plan for when the Results from five focus groups conducted by HELP in rainy season begins is to “stand up” in their shelter. Champ de Mars. Interview dates from 26 February to 27 February, 2010. lé [page 22] OF HAITI CAMPUS IN os CARREFOUR , — |” SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS : Makeshift tents erected on ADUH's campus grounds. Household. Half of respondents had six or more family members. Eighty two percent had children who could no longer attend school. Camp Residents Injuries. Ten percent had at least one family There are 13,939 residents in total living in the member who was injured. camp, or 2,825 families. !° With the exception of Losses. Ninety one percent could no longer some shelters in small clusters in other clearings on live in their homes. the campus, the majority of the residents were liv- ST OL ing in a clearing the size of several soccer fields. without a tarp or tent Investigators estimated that the size of the area is approximately 34 hectares. Water and Sanitation. Eighteen percent Camp Management boughit drinking Water and several respond- ents indicated toilets were too dirty to use. At the entrance road was an “administrative” . tent where employees of ADUH have set up tables Food. Twenty seven percent bought their food : : . . , and chairs. They appeared to know the details of while 9% got food from relatives, friends, or . . . . : 1 the camp and its residents very well, but admitted neighbors. Thirty percent had never received . un : . . they were unable to improve conditions or ensure any food relief from aid agencies. . ne . access to basic necessities. The camp residents re- Medical Care. About half had a family mem- ported that there was a security committee that pa- ber who was sick. trolled at night, making sure everyone was in their ENCRTO ETCIMaCuE eCueecuccie\e shelters by 10:00 p.m. As to rules, the residents ing had to pay for aid. stated that the committee made it known that there were designated places for discarding garbage. OVERALL DESCRIPTION People could not urinate or defecate except in the k latrines/portable toilets. If these rules were broken, Camp Location : : : the residents stated that the committee would eject The investigative team was at the camp 43 days them from the camp. after the earthquake struck. It is in the Carrefour area west of Portau-Prince in a neighborhood called Diquini. The camp is on, and circumscribed by, the Adventist University of Haiti (ADUH). 19 The CCCM Cluster in Haïti. supra note 3. 17 [page 23] SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS DE | D | NE = rs — TP é AS Household Profile ln | ct LT d A The 11 families surveyed ranged in size from bat a «a LRT A4 four to 11 people. Half had at least six family mem- NB ee. Et À n bers to provide for in the camp and 82% had chil. [ON VU D dren who were no longer able to attend school. ù AS >: One family had five children under age 17. Most N )\ Ée VER. = were either unemployed before the earthquake or | : 1 de , TR lost their source of income afterwards. TA: ' Earthquake Losses Marie Michele Montout, investigator, collects data from a Although no deaths were reported in our small RÉCCRLETEE TOC group of respondents, about one in ten reported someone had been injured. Additionally, 91% re- Wat d Sanitati ported they could no longer live in their homes due ”"°"°" 91€ Santaflon to destruction or damage. Most in the camp reported obtaining water from “pipes” that belonged to the university or pur- Shelter chasing water for drinking. One resident indicated Most residents live on one major field in orga- that they sometimes received Water aid: however, . ; . “we never find [it] because we are not strong. Peo- nized rows of makeshift shelters of twigs, wood, É . : ple in good health only.” As for bathing, one resi- bed sheets, and tarps. Although the shelters were Res k Ÿ : dent indicated that they bathed in the river. in neat rows of about 100 meters each, the shelters . . themselves were makeshift in the extreme, com- The investigators observed several sets of port- : " able toilets, and Adventist Development and Relief posed of twigs, found boards, bed sheets and the ' . . Agency (ADRA) was having them cleaned and occasional plastic tarp. Most were very small, less . . on than two meters by two meters and seemed to be emptied on a regular basis. Some respondents indi- . LR cated the toilets were so dirty that they continued separated by function. That is, a tiny shelter for . . . . : . to urinate and defecate in the street instead. sleeping was adjacent to another tiny shelter for either sleeping or cooking, each divided by a bed Food sheet and all for the same family unit. Approxi- °° mately one third of those surveyed indicated that Food has been sporadically provided. One sur- they had no tarp or tent to sleep under. Eighty per- _ veyed family stated that food has been distributed cent had no sleeping mats. every few weeks since the quake by ADRA or an Exposure to the rain is an urgent problem for NGO managed by ADRA. Others stated that food those with and without tents and tarps. One resi- could be obtained more regularly, but one had to dent said, “l’m in misery in the center. Rainisthe have first been the recipient of a “ticket” in ad- big problem. Sometimes we get up at 1 ambythe Vance in order to qualify for that particular distribu- rain.” Another said, “We have no tent/shelter. tion. Many suggested that different groups should When it rains we [are obliged] to stay because we distribute the food cards, so that all would have a don’t know exactly what we can do. l have a small fair chance. This suggested that if you were not child, l’m afraid because 1 don't have [a] house to known to the group who had been charged with sleep with him.” card distribution, you had a lesser chance of get- ting food. Generally, the residenits in the camp com- 18 [page 24] plained of the lack of food, most stating that they FAMILY PROFILE: THE ROSENA FRANCOIS FAMILY had only been provided food once or twice. The Family Before Medical Care Rosena is 25 years old and currently pregnant. She lived in Bizoton 53 with her 26 year-old hus- About half of the 11 families had at least . ou arorne am 168 Aa af least one band, father, three brothers, sister and two sons. sick family member. According to the respondents, Her sons are four and six in age and both attended ADRA had also set up a permanent medical clinie school before the earthquake. They lived in a fami- that was staffed by Dominican and Cuban doctors. I home that they owned for over 25 vears. Rose The general complaint was only that the lines for 7 was a “elEemployed clothing erders who the clinic were very long and that many delayed earned about US$7 per day. Her husband was em- addressing their medical needs because they could ployed in construction earning US$8 per day. Às a not Wait in the long lines. A UNICEF tent provided family, their income was approximately US$ 108 daily health services for children in the camp. per month. They owned no vehicle and had no sav- ings or property insurance. Aid Provision 95 97 proper ADUH administrators admitted they had not Who and What They Lost arranged or advocated for food distribution, medi- Rosena’s husband was killed by the earth- cal care, water, or sanitation for the camp. The quake and another family member wos injured. camp has only been provided services at the discre- H,. house and all of her belongings were com- tion of NGO providers. Food has been distributed pletely destroyed by the earthquake. They believe sporadically while water was consistently provided ;bée is no possibility for them to return to their by ADRA. The UNICEF clinic had established itself Lome as everything was destroyed. Rosena be- Without input from the camp administration. There | 4 that it may be possible for them to return to was a common complaint that the Haitian govern- their home if they receive aid that helps them to ment has never been a presence at the camp and build. has provided no services. All camp administrators ssemed overwhelmed 4. Family Now with the situation and stated that there was no plan , . by the university to move the residents or to ensure The family unit has been separated throughout : different parts of the camp. They arrived at the the welfare of people on the campus. There is also no plan to reopen the school which was closed due le ps K 201 0, a week after ne carie to the development of the camp and not a result of ing to make her “+ entr ae ho buste formel tent LE earthquake damage. The administrators were ° L à asked if they had advocated for the camp residents her own, She lives with two other family members. : h di : fth There has been no income for the family since the in any manner, such as attending sessions of the iboucke and h jedto becci daily meetings of U.N. Organization for Coordina °%MaUare ane Koséna Nas résortec io 9eggng- tion of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), to ask for When rainy season begins, Rosena will be soaked food, supplies {tents), or services (sanitation). They pence her EU dbyneichborsinth replied that they had no information about any ex- or °° de Ébued ar orsint ro isting logistical organizations set up by the U.N. or Re Was disiribute Ne y an np ; N other NGOs to provide for the camps. osena cannot name. She received no foo p p from the distributions because she doesn't have the necessary “card.” She can only cook when she receives money from her begging. Rosena and her family eat once a day. 19 [page 25] Drinking Water. The family drinks, bathes, and cause she arrived after those Who have the cards. washes their clothes from water supplied by the Distribution is poor because it is conducted mainly Adventist University where the camp is located. between friends and those who do not have the Toilets and Bathing. Both men and women bathe necessary cards receive no aid. She said that if she in a nearby river. They urinate and defecate in could change anything at the camp, she would an area of the camp where portable toilets change distribution practices. have been set up. Medical Aid. There is a health clinic on the camp run by foreign doctors and ADRA. RELEVANT BAI FINDINGS Sleeping Conditions/Privacy. Rosena has no BAI surveyed 828 households in Carrefour. tent, shelter, or sleeping mat. There is no place Household size ranged from one to 21 people and for privacy. the number of children ranged from zero to eight Future Plans. The family has no idea how long children. The average household had five to six they plan on staying in the camp. Eventually, people and half of all households had at least two when they have the money to do so, they want children. The number of injured people per house- to build a small house in the place where they hold ranged from zero to seven and on average, lived before the earthquake. one out of every 10 households reported an in- jured person. The number of deaths per household Urgent Needs ranged from zero to three but most households did not report a death or missing person. Forty-nine Rosena stated that she is in most urgent need of percent of houses were destroyed, 48% were dam- food and a tent. She has not received either be- aged, and 3% were unharmed,. Eighty percent of 20 [page 26] FT CHAMP DE MARS IN ee PORT-AU-PRINCE Ne RE der Vs , Ep aus ar : : SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS L 4, Household. Half of respondents had six or x x x famil b Eigh , ; Residents gather near the Bicentennial Tower on the more family members. Eighty nine percen Champ de Mars for water. had children who could no longer attend school. Losses. Al respondents could no longer live in Champ de Mars is baking under a continuous arbore. patchwork of plastic tarps, bed sheets, and the mis- f famili d in fli d d ing i Shelter. Eighty three percent lived with just a STY 9° amies covers M Tles ane ErEUWRINg IN tarp. their powerlessness to change their circumstances. Water and Sanitation. Half bought drinking Camp Residents Water. The investigators found seven major “camps” in Food. Forty two percent bought their food the area, divided by roadways, that held from while 25% got food from relatives, friends, or 1,300 people in the smallest zone to 9,000 in the SUR AMENER never largest. There are 35,602 total individuals living received any food relief from aid agencies. there, or 5,850 families." Medical Care. A third had never received medical care. Camp Management Aid ienEtn Half reported having had to The residents reported that there was no camp pay for aid. leadership or camp committees. There have been no rules established. One head of household de- OVERALL DESCRIPTION scribed it as ‘anarchy.” The atmosphere is marked Camp Location by the constant, almost calm buzz of people trying “Champ de Mars” is the name given to the pop- 1° Keep Ioir shelers clan bathing babies, wesh. ular, central downtown area of Port-au-Prince that "9 © oi Le $ ny n ’ Ne or pe is a mixture of pedestrian parks, street vendor pla- ns to nt still'an de es or Nora < zas, and wide boulevards. The clustered area in- pue | “ set : ! Fe us Y SeMg very cludes national and iconic landmarks such asthe °°" 1 - They Me. ' die Nr oer presidential palace, the national museum, the bi- patrol. One resident explained that “if a police of- : LA ficer finds someone stealing, he either hits him or centennial tower, and government buildings. The . k ns displaced have b : . puts him in jail.” Another resident indicated that isplaced persons camps have been established in . ; . .. there were no rules, just anarchy. Still another stat- every part of the massive area that was otherwise flat and open. Champ de Mars was a point of inter- est and source of Haïtian national pride. Now 11 The CCCM Cluster in Haïti, supra note 3. 21 [page 27] ed that the situation was very bad: “People are in FRS danger. We have no security.” ; À ke SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS 1. LE à - tn aute Ÿ Household Profile ST ve = DES & $ à " L 1 hr 1% | The 12 families surveyed ranged in size from da _ ‘" fs _<tii: l |: an (fee À two to 11 people. Half had at least six family mem- EE bers in the camp to provide for and 89% had chil. M Se dren who were no longer able to attend school. — Most lost their source of income due to the earth- quake. Half did not answer the question about eur- rent employment. suagesting an absence of such Sheliers filling a public square. Portable toilets provided p'oy ? sugg g J by aid organizations sit on the eurb. Earthquake Losses Two households had at least one person who charge of the trucks. À quick and random inspec- died during the earthquake. A total of nine injuries tion of conditions showed that they are dirty and were reported. Additionally, all 12 respondedthat disgusting to use, as there are far too few of these their homes were rendered uninhabitable. devices for the tens of thousands of people who need them. Toilet paper was lacking in most, alt- Shelter hough the investigators did see some distribution of toilet by the workers who w il Shelters are built on all of the grassy areas he : rs y the workers who were emptying (except the several acres of lawn immediately sur- e lorers. k Le . Further investigation revealed that there was rounding the palace) and along the cement parks . . . . ample water for bathing and washing, and even and cobblestone walkways. A helicopter view ne ne . . . treated Water for drinking, set up and maintained would see the shelters covering the entire public . | à . pe . by ACF, known in English as Action Against Hun- area, divided into odd shaped puzzle pieces by the . . , . ger. The people seemed well aware that it was ACF major boulevards all of which have remained open sp: Le which was the source.l2 to traffic. Eighty three percent are living under tarps and only 8% live in tents. Nearly all stated they had not received any help finding sheltering mate- Food rial and most did not have anything to sleep on. An The residents surveyed stated that since the investigator summarized one resident’s description: quake they had only received food aid twice and it “Too many big flies, mosquitoes which give trou- came from a distribution effort led by the United ble. In short they live a bad life.” States Army. Almost half of the camp’s residents purchased their food, although it was unclear how Water and Sanitation they were able to do so. Plastic portable bathrooms are placed in sets of | twelve along the sidewalk or along the roadside at Medical Care the perimeter of the different camp zones. The in- IlInesses reported by the respondents included vestigators observed several of the bathrooms be- malaria, diarrhea, infections, aches and pains, and ing emptied by trucks with large vacuum hoses in stress. Most reported that they accessed medical the hours of the investigation. CAMEP, the Haitian , g hori É dtobei 12 Although ACF's website states that it is providing food aid in government’s Water authority, appeared to be in Haïti, no resident ofthe Champ de Mars camp reported any food aid from ACF. 22 [page 28] treatment at the nearby General Hospital, which Who and What They Lost has been run by NGOs and foreign doctors since Two of Marie’s brothers were killed in the the earthquake. Others stated that they had been quake. The house was completely destroyed. Be- to a clinic set up by Cuban doctors at the nearby use they have no money, they have nowhere to Frère Andre School. go. Marie is trying to raise money to move her fam- | : ily to a safe place, but for now she has no plans Aid Provision and no resources. Most striking at the Champ de Mars encamp- ment was the lack of aid distribution. When aid The Family Now has come, like the bottled drinking water distribu- tions the investigators observed, it is in the form of Marie and her family arrived in this camp on a large cargo truck pulling up near a site. The peo- January 13, 2010. They went to this camp because ple have to run into a line and wait in hopes that it was the closest to their home. One of her broth- there is something left when their turn comes. ers suffers from malaria. Marie bought a tarp for Residents reported that no one from any relief US$23 to create a shelter, although they stand all organization had come into the camp to meet the night when it roins. No one in the family is currently people or to ask them what they needed, or for able to earn an income. their suggestions on how to better serve their press- ing needs. They did not come into the shelter area Food. The family must cook their own food, but to pass out food or Water in person. To get food or they have no money to buy it. They use a char- bottled drinking water, residents, including the coal cooking source. They get food donations many women and children in households without from friendk in the camp and share and ration an adult male, had to be alert to the imminence of the food rather than store it. They eat once a a distribution and have the means to run to the dis- day. tribution site and struggle for and hold position. Drinking Water. The family buys water to drink Many, of course, resigned themselves to the impos- when they can. Water for bathing and wash- sibility of this and often stayed behind to supervise ing clothes is obtained from ACF each day. their children under their shelters during the distri- Toilets and Bathing. The people in the camp uri- butions. nate next to the streets. They defecate in the public toilets which are unsanitary. Men bathe FAMILY PROFILE: THE PIERRE MARIE YOLANDA aroundthe camp, while the women bathe in FaMur the shelter. Medical Aid. There is a health clinic set up in the The Family Before camp, but aid and medicine is limited. Because Marie lived next to Fort National, at Impasse Marie has no money, she cannot get Jean Charles #66. She lived with her mother [58 healihcare if someone gets sick. years old), four brothers (22, 22, 26 and 27 years Sleeping Conditions/Privacy. There is no mat old), and her daughier (14 years old). They had for the family to sleep on. They have wood and been renting property for two years. Her daughter blankets in addition to the tarp Marie boughit. went to school full time. The family had no vehicle Future Plans. Until she can get some money, Ma- and no insurance. She had savings in the bank but rie has no plans for herself or her family. is no longer able to access her funds. 23 [page 29] Urgent Needs to 13. The average household had six people and Marie says that they need food, money and half of all households had at least two children. On work or school the most. Other than Water, the average, four out of every 10 households reported agencies are doing nothing. Marie recommended °° injured person while two out of every 10 house- that distributions of money, food, and clothes be holds reported a death. The number of missing made to the camp’s inhabitants. people per household ranged from zero to 11 but most households did not report a missing person. Ninety-seven percent of houses suffered significant RELEVANT BAI FINDINGS domage during the earthquake, including 35% that BAI surveyed 2,635 households in Port-au- were destroyed. Seventy-five percent of house- Prince. Household size ranged from one to 33 peo- holds urgently needed some form of assistance: ple and the number of children ranged from zero Water (68%), food (66%), medicine (47%), clothing 24 [page 30] BOUZI CAMP IN pren Sr 5 à CROIX-DES-BOUQUETS LL LR ÉE 1 SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS M Dir Household. Half of respondents had six or À ee D TS more family members. Eighty nine percent Bouzi camp. The shelters are constructed without any had children who could no longer attend materials from aïd organizations. school. Injuries. More than half had at least one famni- : PTE b h iniured and was surrounded by bustling activity in the member who was injured. y Ù streets and people selling food items, water, and Shelter. Forty four percent lived in open air soft drinks. and forty four percent had tarps. Water and Sanitation. Forty four percent Camp Residents bought Fe Water; no water relief was There are 45,008 total individuals living in the JC IUSEE area, or 8,041 families.1% The Bouzi camp Was the RIT AE SEE OT TE ETS ET NES host deprived of any observed during the week. It 33% got food from relatives, friends, or is a cluster of neighborhood shelters in open fields, neighbors. Cu? HEC had not received separated by dirt roads and stone Walls. The shel- any food relief from aid agencies. ters lie about a half mile from the busy downtown Medical Care. Eleven percent had never re- area and the Parc Rony Colin and down a winding ceived medical care. side street, the camp is far removed from the gen- Aid Provision. Eleven percent reported having eral public conscience. In one plot of land, sur- had to pay for aid. rounded by a short stone wall, not far from small cement houses that were still standing, were about OVERALL DESCRIPTION 20 makeshift shelters housing 80 people. Camp Location Camp Management The investigative team surveyed one camp in a . Le cluster of camps in Croix-des-Bouquets, a large In this cluster of small camps, no aid in any form : : has been reported to have arrived. There was a town just east of Port-au-Prince. The team entered É . the town, observing various camps and asking blank look in many of the adult faces, not knowing nn : where to go to fulfill any basic needs. The busier people to identify other camp locations off of the b ved “d and had ab £ main streets. As a result, the team stopped to sur- "291 CAMPS réceivéc More aid ane AAC a BUZZ 9 vey one large camp at Pare Rony Colin and then a activity, energized by frustration that things were cluster of smaller camps off the main road. This not progressing fast enough. In Bouzi, however, . cluster is called Bouzi, named after the area’s larg- the desolation felt like resignation - as if a return in ! . a few months would reveal dried human bones est landowner. The Parc Rony Colin camp covered a grassy area about the size of two soccer fields, 13 LL The CCCM Cluster in Haïti., supra note 3. 25 [page 31] and the remnants of bed sheets hanging fromthe dicated they had not received any sheltering mate- occasional twig stuck in the ground. rial from relief agencies. Water and Sanitation SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS Water for bathing and washing clothes came Household Profile and Losses from a public source in the area, but safe drinking The nine families surveyed in the Bouzi camp Water had to be purchased. Water conditions were ranged in size from four to eight people. Half had the worst at this camp, with most respondents re- at least six members to provide for in the camp and porting that they had not received any Water aid. 89% had children who were no longer able to at- Camp residents stated that they left the field to uri- tend school. Questions about employment and in- nate and defecate behind houses in the area, or come were largely unanswered. No deaths were sometimes in a house that Was still standing, but reported, but more than half had at least one per- damaged. There were public latrines set up that son Who had been injured. were used by many. Some, however, took care of their toilet needs by defecating into a bag and Shelter throwing it in a garbage pile. Nearly half lived in the open air. The rest lived crowded under shelters fashioned from twigs, Food tarps, and bed sheets. Some (11%) had received Food was given by area residents and shared pup-tents from the U.S. Army. Some shelters were within the camp. They depended on people from made with only one sheet, barely forming a partial the surrounding area to bring food to share. Here, “roof” or wall, and most looked like they served unlike other camps surveyed, all of the residents only to provide a few square meters of shade. Fur- surveyed stated that they ate once per day, at ther investigation, however, revealed that these most. Food had reportedly been delivered only bed sheet and twig shelters were all that the peo- once to the camp, by an NGO called World Vision. ple had. They were in a field of dried weeds which Stated one resident, “we were still hungry after we constituted their shelter floor. Some mothers had ate it.” Another resident stated, ‘We are in [a] bad actually gathered cinderblocks from fallen build- situation because we cannot eat. | don’t find food ings and shaped them into a cement “mattress” for for the children.” the children to sleep on. Nearly all respondents in- Medical Care STE S Residents reported that a health clinic was tem- tt tTITIt titttttt ur ; ag Lai je porarily in the camp and staffed by Dominicans, AAA RAA ARAE LA AS LAN RARE À at ut it was not there when the investigators visited. Q AT BQUZ] CAM Paie le "M Some said that residents had to travel to St. Cathe- HEL PIS NE EDED Ven A D rine’s Hospital in Cité Soleil (staffed and managed 4 11] (a HE M ES = by Doctors Without Borders since the earthquake) F AR for treatment. Li ee 5 me Aïd Provision A 7. Pr CR There was no water, medical care, sanitation __—_—_ _—_—_—_——— mms facilities, or food anywhere. Water was obtained À painted sign meant to direct assistance to the Bouzi SRE TENTE lacking was any school or daycare facility for the children, or any aid to get 26 [page 32] the people - many of whom were street merchants canned food from World Vision. To cook, they — back on their feet with some start-up cash. Gener- use a stove or boiler and vegetable oil as a ally, the men were not in the camp at the time of cooking source. They eat ‘sometimes one [time] the survey, and the women were with the children, in a day.” just sitting and talking. The most common com- plaints were that no agency or government had Drinking Water. The family must buy water to provided any substantial aid, that the children drink; water for bathing and washing clothes is needed to be cared for, and that jobs were sorely from the public water pump. needed. Toilets and Bathing. Men and women urinate on the ground. They use a public toilet to defecate. Bathing occurs ‘around the camp.” FAMILY PROFILE: THE BARBARA MAURICE FAMILY Medical Aid. There was a health clinic set up in The Family Before the camp, but they no longer provide medical Barbara lived in Lilavois 58, Bon Repas with aid. If someone is sick, they go to St. Catherine three cousins {ages 15 to 22), two sisters (ages 26 Hospital. They do not know where to receive to 28), one nephew [age 10) and one niece [age medicine. H . . three). Barbara owned her property and had lived Sleeping Conditions/Privacy. There is one sleep- in that home for eight years before the earthquake. ing mat in the family’s shelter. She was a self-employed merchant, the only one Future Plans. They have no plans to leave the employed in her family. Three of the children at- camp or establish a new home. tended school full time. The family had no vehicle. While she had savings, it was all stolen. They had Urgent Needs no insurance. Barbara said the camp needs tents, food, tarps, and medicine. Food aid has come only once, and Who and What They Lost that was canned rice; they “eventually” received . . un. water. They have gotten nothing for shelter. If she No one in the family was killedl mn the earth- could change anything, Barbara stated she would quake, although her nephew was injured. The ensure: better organization of aid distribution, house ie desroyed Because their ut WETE make the block safe, make a brigade corps, and tolen, t ï n , possibility of returning to their home. RELEVANT BAI FINDINGS The Family Now BAI surveyed 104 households in Croix-des- B ts. Household si d from two to 15 The family unit remained intact. They arrived at people an d He uber oË ren renge Fr the camp on January 12, 2010, and have re- . . mained because they believe it to be their safest 7810 to one child. The average household had five . to six people. On average, four out of every 10 option. They have created a shelter through a com- h hold red an iniured 4h bination of tarp, wood, blankets, and blocks. When SURENIIES TEPOTEC ON IMIUTEE person: Me same ns . … held true for deaths. On average, two out of every it rains, they stay under a shelter of blankets until it de stops. They have no income 10 households reported a missing person. Forty- ° ° nine percent of houses were destroyed, 48% were Food. They must buy their food, and either “use it damaged, and 3% were unharmed. Ninety-four y u Lu. . percent of households urgenitly needed some form well [or] share with other people”; there is no . L. way to store food. They sometimes receive of assistance: water (94%), food (94%), medicine y vney (94%), clothing (91%), and tents (94%). 27 [page 33] PARC LA COURONNE nd pre SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS * ad: Household. Half of respondents had six or je £ re more family members. Eighty five percent : —— — = had children who could no longer attend A view of a small section of La Couronne camp. school. Losses. Ninety three percent could no longer live in their homes. younger siblings, and playing with distributed Shelter. Ninety two percent lived under tarps food. One 1 1-year-old boy had found some type of and eight percent had nothing. ready-to-eat meal in bag that could be manipulated Water and Sanitation. Thirty nine percent in such a way that it heated and cooked the con boudhit drinki tents. Curious friends gathered around to watch it ought drinking water. . . | | work. When the boy opened it, steam shot out, and Food. Sixty GIE FETE bought their food then he reached in to eat what looked like beef while 2 % got food from restes friends, " stew on rice. When he had his fill, he passed the nelgnsors. on six percent a nof receive bag around. Although it was as much nourishment any food relief from aid agencies. : Là : . as it was curiosity, one is reminded that such meals Medical Care. Fifteen percent had never re- in individual bags are not how Haitian’s eat. Simi- ceived medical care. larly, another boy had a single-serving tube of Aid Provision. Eight percent reported having some high protein peanut butter-like substance in a had to pay for aid. squirt packet made for emergency nutrition. But he was observed gathering his friends who had been OVERALL DESCRIPTION playing in the dirt and had them put their hands out Camp Location for him. He squeezed a portion into everyone's | | | palm. In such a fashion, not only did the first benefi- Camp Pare La Couronne IS a soccer field situat- ciary not get the full nutrient benefit, but it made for ed next to a soda factory which makes La a quick way to pass bacteria and parasites from Couronne soda. The area name is National Route dirty hands to the mouth. #1 Sarthe 51. Itis on the eastern edge of down- town Port-au-Prince, on the road toward Croix-des- Camp Management Bouquets. . . k . Upon entering, there is an immediate sense of Camp Residents organization and the feeling that aid groups have been present. La Couronne was the only camp There are 8,200 total individuals living there, or here NGO officials were present and walking 262 families. !# The most striking feature of this through the camp and registering people. À small camp Was the number of children. They seemed to team from the Mexican Red Cross had split up from b here, fetchi ter, ing, bathi < evene, eng Wen, running, Sang T4The CCCM Cluster in Haïti, supra note 3. 28 [page 34] their Haitian translators and were recording each À = € | tent’s position, its head of household’s name, and = eû “ the number of residents. Before leaving the brief - 7 . Pl interview, the workers marked each shelter with a > number, and gave the head of household a card + #1 ss. With his registration number and the number of his { e tent. There was also an extremely large tent setup lE ) 4 Î in the back of the park for church services, includ- x +} LÉ ing a large public address system. 3 ù “fi : ê SUMMARY OF CAMP CONDITIONS LP 1 MR ES PER # Household Profile and Losses spending her day in the dirt. The 13 families surveyed ranged in size from three to nine people. Half had at least six members Food to provide for in the camp and 85% had children Most reported that they had never received any who were no longer able to attend school. Nearly gd aid, but some reported receiving food from all respondents lost their income source as a result ;p, Red Cross, the United Nations, or Doctors With- of the earthquake. One household lost at least one Lt Borders. No one reported to have received family member while a few others reported inju- £cq consistently and most reported having to pur- ries. Ninety-three percent stated they could not live se their food. in their homes because of earthquake damage. Medical Care Shelter Upon entering the camp, the investigators saw Shelter materials ranged from tents to bed and visited a large tarp structure that had been sheets to tarps. Some had nothing more than a built earlier that day by an American evangelical couple of sticks dug into the ground with sheets tied group of doctors and nurses who had set up a between them. The ground was black dirt, andthe 5 dical clinie and stated that they planned to be edges by the perimeter walls were full of raw gar-_ base for wo weeks. The “field hospital” was led bage. Flies, as in most urban camps, were every- by an American man, with no Creole language where. Most said they had never received any skills, who walked along the line of patients with a sheltering material from agencies. wooden baton, adding an unnecessary feeling that the group had come to provide aid to savage Water and Sanitation beasts, not needy people. All residents stated that they had plenty of ac- cess to clean Water and attributed this to both the Aid Provision Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders. Although All of the respondents reported having received the Red Cross provides half of all water relief, re- eine form of aid, but provision seems to be spo- poris suggest the Water is not treated. Respondents die. One resident stated that they heard about indicated thot there are toilets but they are so dirty {he aid but could never locate it. Another indicated that people are still urinating and defecating onthe ;hetifhe had more say in how things were run, he streets. would ensure that aid cards were shared with eve- ryone. 29 [page 35] FAMILY PROFILE: THE G'HAITI LUCKNIE FAMILY # FE | d The Family Before | 4 F x 0 : À Fm | } G'Haiïti lived in #7 Lacour Betane Sarthe with \ D : Lai ” x . her husband {age 28), two brothers [ages 11 and LE AA | . a : = 19), daughter {age 11) and cousin (age 28). G'Hai- 220 } # 2 ti and her husband owned their home, and the fam- Ven 4 D. Où * ily had lived there since 2004. They were self S2/7 (. 6 ÉY Mer : employed. One of her children attended school full À æ S2> | ET time. The family had no vehicle or insurance. They 85 és C2 D SES Re had saved US$405 in their home. Their savings ; À NES. di: A + cm were lost in the destruction of the house. . . — The majority of camp populations are comprised of No one from G’Haïti’s home was killed or in- jured in the earthquake. The house was completely aid but cannot get in to the clinic she just stays destroyed and there is no possibility of return . at home. Sleeping Conditions/Privacy. There is one sleep- . ing mat in the family’s shelter. The Family Now Future Plans. G'Haiïti would like to leave and es- G'Haiïti is living in the camp with her husband, tablish a new home, but this requires money. daughter, and one of her brothers. The family ar- She is looking for work. She plans on leaving in rived at the camp on January 12, 2010. They are a month, if she can get money, and going to at this camp because it was the closest to their live in Port-au-Prince. home. They received a tarp when they arrived for sheltering material. G'Haiïti is no longer able to Urgent Needs sarn an Income: G'Haiti says they need food, good water and Food. When organizations come with food, vas oi the camps: À major probleme poor dis G'Haiti takes some; however, she must also buy k dk 7e A Hotoidis n ! N her food. She cooks the food using wood char- SA 1e recommence Her ae workers 99 0 . . every tent to provide medical aid, food and treated coal and stores the food in her tent. The family Water. eats once a day. Drinking Water. The family buys treated water to drink, and uses Water from the ‘Water Wag- on” for bathing and washing clothes. Toilets and Bathing. The family bathes in the street. The Red Cross set up public bathrooms near the woods where they urinate and defe- cate. Medical Care. There is a health clinic set up in the camp, where G’Haiïti has received care from a medical professional. She does not know where to receive medicine, and if she needs medical 30 [page 36] RECOMMENDATIONS Based on these findings, we urge donors, * Provide materials for keeping the sanitation international organizations, and NGOs to: facilities clean, and employ camp residents in ADOPT A RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH maintenance and clean-up teams. * Respect human rights and follow the United * Employ teams of workers who have the Nations Guiding Principles on Internal strength and know-how to build shelters for Displacement at all stages of planning, the women with children, the elderly, and the implementation, and evaluation of disabled. humanitarian assistance: " Provide aid workers to walk the camps and * Adopt a rights-based approach, ensuring the personally meet with people, especially the goals of transparency, accountability, capacity elderly, infirm, and disabled, to make an development, participation, and non- individualized plan for meals, medical care, discrimination; and sanitation and water. - Incorporate long-term planning and ensure all " Provide schools and daycare centers for the assistance is coordinated with the government children. of Haiti, focusing on building a stronger Haïti * Provide money to the many women who were with a government able to guarantee human street merchants so they can begin to access rights to all Haitian people. income again. IMPLEMENT A RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH * Eliminate the ‘’one off” distributions of relief à . supplies and food that require an armed * Coordinate and mandaïe the full “adoption” of it lely because ofthe poor military presence solely P every camp by a single managing relief planning. agency. This will provide the NGO an incentive . to not just compete with other NGOs for ° Ensure that the people in the camps fully donations, but to compete where it matters: to participate in the decision-making and have the most successful camp outcomes. A coordination of programs and policies. single NGO can take pride in assuring that its PROMOTE HAITIAN PARTICIPATION IN AID camp residents are not dying from preventable DISTRIBUTION diseases; are receiving clean water; have This investigation is the first step in a healthy and regular meals; have programming longitudinal study. The families surveyed here will for children and adults; have clean and be followed as Haïti responds to the crisis, dignified toilet facilities; and are on the Way to recovers, and rebuilds in the months and years restoring their lives and finding permanent ahead. Meanwhile, this study will track changes in: housing. 1} the living conditions in the camps; 2} access to * Provide large kitchens/canteens for bulk aid, basic supplies, and services; 3) forced or cooking of meals at the camps. This would voluntary relocation; and 4] changes in socio- keep costs down, permit camp residents to economic circumstances. Ifthese most basic stop buying expensive charcoal in small, problems are not addressed quickly, disease, personal quantities, eliminate the need for starvation and homelessness are sure to Wash in each camp shelter to have a cooking space, With the impending rainy season. and employ residents as kitchen staff. 31 [page 37] CONCLUSION The LAMP for Haïti investigative team’s most Aïd is uncoordinated and this need not be the disturbing finding is that they were the first people case. No agency or government has taken formal to have spoken and listened to displaced persons responsibility for any single camp sur- as equals. The investigators inquired about their veyed. Therefore, the ad hoc provision of occasion- losses, their current situation, their needs, and their al aid comes with an escape hatch to accountability ideas for surviving the crisis. It was obvious that all and opens the door for one organization to blame aid distribution was designed, planned and imple- others for a camp’s overall condition. This slows mented by outsiders. Almost universally, those sur- progress and gives no aid provider an incentive to veyed in the camps stated that the distribution of dedicate service for overall improvement of a aid was totally lacking, incomplete, or seeminglÿ camps conditions. arbitrary. The gulf between the generous aid donated to Because aid is not coming from the Haïtian Haïti by the international community, and the lethal government but instead from members of the inter-_ dearth of aid received by earthquake victims is national community who have not consulted the filled, in part, with unavoidable obstacles erected people they aim to serve, aid has not met the camp by the earthquake itself. But the gulf is also filled, in -dwellers’ needs in a meaningful way. From drinka- too large a part, by completely avoidable obsta- ble water to more collective or economical medal cles erected by people who refuse to consult with provision, from medical care to the most basic sani- and respect the earthquake victims, coordinate tation provision, everything is either severely lack- well amongst each other or effectively implement ing or provided in a way foreign to what Haïtians their initiatives. These refusals comprise a clear vio- know and need most. There continues to be no pro- lation of the economic and social human rights of gramming for children, no special care for the el. earthquake victims who have already suffered too derly or handicapped, no programs to build shel- much, and a violation of donor state’s human rights ters for these vulnerable populations. Even then, obligations. most ‘shelters” are makeshift and are not suitable to protect against the elements. 32 [page 38] APPENDIX A: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LAMP FOR HAITI TASK FORCE INVESTIGATIVE TEAM Thomas M. Griffin, Esq., Legal Director, LAMP for Haiti Foundation, Investigation Supervisor Myrlene “Mimi” Dominique, Manager, LAMP Clinic, Bois Neuf, Cite Soleil, Haïti, Investigative Assistant Mario Joseph, Av., Managing AHorney, Bureau des Avocats Internationaux, Haïti Brian Concannon, Esq., Director, Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haïti, United States Blaine Bookey, Esq., Legal Fellow, Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haïti, United States Sarah Mi Ra Dougherty, JD/MPH candidate 2010, Northeastern University and Tufts University, Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, Lawyers’ Earthquake Response Network, United States HAITIAN EDUCATION & LEADERSHIP PROGRAM INVESTIGATORS Cleefton Belizaire, Ecole Superieur d’Infotronique d'Haiti Manasse Elusma, Universite Quisqueya Jude Altema, Universite d'Etat d'Haiti, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie Marie Michele Montout, Univesite Quisqueya Polidor Samuel Accius, Univesite Quisqueya Weaventz Fargette, Univesite Quisqueya Michel-Ange Dagrain, Universite d'Etat d'Haïti, Faculte de Droit et des Sciences Economiques Pierre Claude Dumeus, Universite Quisqueya Indieu Jules, Ecole Superieur d’Infotronique d'Haiti Joseph Junior Pierre, Centre Technique de Planification et d'Economie Appliquee Dimitri Cayard, Univesite Quisqueya Jaque Auguste, Universite d'Etat d'Haiti, Faculte Odontologie Bastien Joseph, Universite Quisqueya Louse Esther Beauplan, University Quisqueya REPORT AUTHORS Thomas M. Griffin, Esq., Legal Director, LAMP for Haiti Foundation, United States Sarah Mi Ra Dougherty, JD/MPH candidate 2010, Northeastern University and Tufts University, Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, Lawyers’ Earthquake Response Network, United States Lydia Abdo, JD candidate 2012, Earle Mack School of Law, United States Yuan Tang, JD candidate 2011, Earle Mack School of Law, United States Ted Oswald, JD candidate 2011, Earle Mack School of Law, United States REPORT EDITORS Aseel Rasheed, Morley, Surin & Griffin, P.C., United States Sarah Mi Ra Dougherty, JD/MPH candidate 2010, Northeastern University and Tufts University, Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, Lawyers’ Earthquake Response Network, United States Blaine Bookey, Esq., Legal Fellow, Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haïti, United States Ted Oswald, JD candidate 2011, Earle Mack School of Law, United States 33 [page 39] DATA ANALYSTS Sarah Mi Ra Dougherty, JD/MPH candidate 2010, Northeastern University and Tufts University, Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, Lawyers’ Earthquake Response Network, United States Rebecca L. Ruthenburg, MA, Zagat Survey, United States Isabelle Bollendorf, MDRC, United States B. Witkind Davis, MPH 2010, Tufts University School of Medicine, United States Deborah Karasek, MPH, University of California, San Francisco, United States Kent Kroeger, MA in Quantitative Methods, Consultant, United States Kei Owada, MPH, University of Melbourne School of Population Health, Australia Margaret Boittin, Ph.D candidate 2011, University of California, Berkeley, JD candidate, Stanford University School of Law, United States lhotu Ali, MPH candidate 2011, Department of Population and Family Health and Forced Migration, Columbia University, United States Jihae Hong, MA candidate 2010, Quantitative Methods in Social Science, Columbia University, United States Emma Garcia, MA in Quantitative Methods, Ph.D candidate 2012, Economics and Education, Columbia University, United States Purvi P. Patel, JD, MPH, Equal Justice Works Fellow, Health and Disability Advocates, United States Allison Brook Garren, JD/MPH candidate 2010, Northeastern University School of Law and Tufts University School of Medicine, United States Laura ltzkowitz, MPH, Tufts University School of Medicine, United States Amanda Buenz Makulec, MPH. USAID Analysis, Information Management, and Communications (AIM) Activity, United States Andrew R. Simmons, BA, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States Jeffrey Abbott, BA candidate 2014, Seattle University, United States RESEARCH TEAM Sarah Mi Ra Dougherty, JD/MPH candidate 2010, Northeastern University and Tufts University, Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, Lawyers’ Earthquake Response Network, United States Max M. Nelson, JD candidate 2010, University of Miami School of Law, United States Moneeza Walji, MPH, MD candidate 2013, University of Toronto, Canada Régine D. Mondé, JD, United States Jeffrey Abbott, BA candidate 2014, Seattle University, United States Aseel Rasheed, Morley, Surin & Griffin, P.C., United States Anne Kelsey, JD candidate 2012, Fordham University School of Law, United States Evan Sutton, BA, University of Washington, Organizing for America, United States Cristina F. Freitas, JD, MPH, Graduate Legal Fellow, Northeastern University School of Law, United States Debbie F. Freitas, JD, MPH, Graduate Legal Fellow, Northeastern University School of Law, United States 34 [page 40] L] APPENDIX B: URGENT NEEDS ACROSS COMMUNES [TOTALS __[Percentages per # surveyed 7 [Commune [Quartier [Besoins [Eau [Nourriture |MedicamentdVetements [Tentes | CCE ES EE EE EE EE PE [17 (Gautier) | 100.00%] 100.00%[ 100.00%[ 000%] 12.50%[ 100.00%] [22 (Massalie) | _100.00%[ 100.00%| 10000%[ 000%! 722%] 10000%] [23 (Martissant) | 100.00%] 100.00%] 10000%] 100.00%[ 100.00%[ 100.00%] 31 (St Bernadette) 800%] 067%] 100.00% [32 (Terrain Herman) | 100.00%| 100.00%] 10000%| 100.00%[ 100.00%[ 10000%] 40.80%] 16.00%] 100.00% 100.00%] _100.00%| 100.00% 100.00%] ___ 100.00%| 100.00% [43 (Fontamara Mahotiere 79) | 100.00%|] 100.00%| 10000%| 000%] 100.00%| 10000%] [44 (Fontamara Mahotiere 81) | 100.00%] 100.00%[ 10000%| 000%] 100. 00%| 100.00% Dow oe | ue mon) sum ma] sal room Prolonge 100.00%) 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%| 100.00% 100.00% (B{PettGoave) 150 (Chemin Prolongee) _" ] 100.00%[ 100.00%[ 10000%[ 100 00%] 100.00%[ 100 00%| (5 (Petit Goave) 51 (Lovate) | 100.00%] 100.00%[ 10000%] 100.00%| 100.00%| 10000%| (B{PettGoave) 52 (Rue des Vignes) | 100.00%[ 100.00%[ 10000%[ 100.00%| 100.00%| 10000%| [53 (Bois Moquette)" ] 100.00%] 100.00%[ 10000%[ 000%] 000%[ 100.00%] 55 (Fessard Zone Desriviere) 100.00%] 0.00%] 100.00% [58 (Impasse Peñcies) [ 100.00%] 100.00%[ 10000%[ 000%] 000%| 100.00% [33 (Turgeau) | _100.00%| 100.00%[ 10000%| 100.00%| 95.91%] 9245%| [19 (Impasse Georges) | 100.00%| 3467%] 10000%| 1467%] 400%| 9333%] [54 (Duvañer) | _100.00%| 21.05%] 10000%| 5038%] 59.40%[ 9323%] [46 (Zone Tesso) "| 100.00%] 000%! 10000%] 100.00%[ 100.00%[ 100.00%] [1 (Rue Acacia) | _9923%] 2923%] 9923%] 9923%] 923%| 99234] (4 (Damas) 48 (Pis Zon 6) | _100.00%[ 98.72%] 9872%] 100.00%] ___ 100.00%| 100.00% [18 (Haut Sanitanum) | 98.72%] 98.72%] 9872%[ 7436%] 83.33%[ 9872] [25 (Prosper | 981%] 981%] 98.11%] 981%] 981%] 98.11%] [59 (Pelenn) | 97.89%] 96.84%] 97.89%] 9789%] 95.84%] 9579%] [21 (Impasse Sore) |] 96.59%] 63.64%] 96.59%] 2273%[ 7.95%[ 77.27%] [20 (Impasse Eddy) | 9474%] 76.32%] 9474%] 7105%] 8158%| 9474%] [3 (Croix de Bouquets) [47 (Molard) "| 9423%] 423%] 9423%] 9423%] 9135%[ 9423%] [42 (Fontamara Mahotiere 75) | 88.40%] 55.80%] 88.40%] 7569%[ 38.67%] 88.40%] 56 (Grande Savane [100.00%] 18.84%] 81.16%] 6232%] 622% 100.00% 24 (Montaigne des Olviers) | 86.54%] 26.92%[ 5192%] 2788%| 25.00%] 99.04%] [36 (2eme Cite Louverture) | 100.00%] 000%! 5000%| 000%! 000%! 8636%] [34 (Tunnel Carrefour Feuilles) | 40.58%] 40.58%] 4058%| 4058%] 4058%[ 4058%] [8 (Bei Air - Rue Macajou) | 3421%] 32.89%] 3158%] 3289%] 11.84%] 31.58%] [16 (Fort National) | 7895%] 78.51%] 2456%|] 2325%] 2237%| 2325%] 5 (Be Air - Rue de Lucelles) | 5385%] 3462%[ 2308%] 1154%| 0.00%] 7.69%] eee | nel zæl ml use] oo oc Fort) 0.00% [12 (Bel Air - Rue Tiremasse) | 1923%] 11.54%] 385%] 385%] 000%[ 000%] 6 œu ar: Rue gr utouo| 640% sw] 200] 130%] 130%] 0.00) ses] on] ove4 Mylaie [ses] ses] 19%] ooo 1œu] 107 [15 (Fontamara 43) 7" | 4220%] 4162%] 058%| 173%] 173%[ 0.00%] 10 (Bel Ar - Rue Geffrad [769%] 7.69%] 000%] 000%] 000%[ 000%] [3 (Bet Air - Rue Houlle) | 385%] 3.85%] 000%] 000%! 000%| 0.00%] 2 (Bel Air - Rue de Cesars) [000%] 000%! 000%] 000%! 000%[ 0.00%] [9 (Bei Air - Rue St. Martin) | 000%] 000%! 000%] 000%[ 0.00%[ 0.00%] [11 (Ba Air - Rue Pavee) | 000%] 000%! 000%] 000%! 000%| 0.00%] 13 (Bel Air - Rue de Peuple) | 000%] 000%! 000%] 000%] 000%| 0.00%] [14 (Bel Air - Rue dr Aubry) | 000%] 000%! 000%] 000%[ 000%[ 0.00%] [30 (Rue Pean) | 000%] 000%] 000%] 000%! __ 000%| 000%] M M A EE EE [1 [_7577%] 68.42%] 6562%| 4688%] 4423%[] 6535%] [1 8021%] __ 60.76%| _ 7905%] 5729%| 63.08%] 77.55%] [2 fADelmas) NN |’ 10000%[ 98.72%] 98.72%] 100.00%] __ 100.00%| _ 100.00%| [2 J5APettGoave) "| "100. 00%[ 100.00%[ 10000%] 100.00%] __ 100.00%| 100.00% [2 9966%| __ 6284%] 9257%| 6791%] 6537%| 97.80%] 35 [page 41]