(2026-08) Flash Report - Haiti - Gang Violence: 613 Killed and 375 Injured in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Cité Soleil Between March and July 2026

Photo: © Canvas FLASH REPORT Haiti – Gang Violence: 613 Killed and 375 Injured in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Cité Soleil Between March and July 2026 BINUH AUGUST 2026 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 3 MAP OF BUSINESSES AND GANG PRESENCE IN THE PLAINE DU CUL-DE-SAC AND CITÉ SOLEIL AREA ........................................................................................................... 5 TERMINOLOGICAL AND LEGAL CLARIFICATIONS........................................................... 6 1. CONTEXT .......................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Armed Violence Between 2024 and 2026 ....................................................................... 7 1.2. Gangs Involved in the Clashes in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Cité Soleil Between March 6 and July 31 ............................................................................................................... 9 1.3. Data on People Killed and Injured During Gang Clashes in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Cité Soleil Between March 6 and July 31, 2026 ..................................................................... 10 1.4. Timeline of Incidents Between March 6 and July 31 ......................................................... 11 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PHASES OF THE CLASHES ...................................... 12 2.1. Phase 1: First Wave of Armed Violence, March 6 and April 18 ............................................ 12 2.2. Phase 2: Second Wave of Armed Violence, April 19–May 9 ............................................... 15 2.3. Phase 3: Third Wave of Armed Violence, May 10–June 3 .................................................. 16 2.4. Phase 4: Fourth Wave of Armed Violence, June 4–July 31 ................................................ 18 3. ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLAINE DU CUL-DE-SAC ...................................... 21 4. RESPONSE OF THE AUTHORITIES .......................................................................... 23 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 25 Annex I: Data on Persons Killed and Injured and Main Locations of Gang Clashes in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Other Areas of the Commune of Cité Soleil, 6 March–31 July 2026 ...................................................................................................................... 26 Annex II: Methodology .............................................................................................. 28 Footnotes ............................................................................................................... 30 HAITI FLASH REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Between 6 March and 31 July 2026, the commune of Cité Soleil, and in particular the area known as the “Plaine du Cul-de-Sac”1, experienced a resurgence of armed violence linked to rivalries between criminal gangs. These clashes occurred in a context marked both by the reconfiguration and weakening of the Viv Ansanm gang coalition and by increased pressure from the security forces in other parts of the capital. This pressure by the security forces led to the displacement of gang members towards the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, exacerbating tensions and competition for control over illicit revenue-generating opportunities in the area. Taking place in several phases, these clashes involved at least two groups of gangs with shifting alliances and resulted in a high number of casualties, affecting both persons associated with gangs and persons not associated with gangs. According to information collected and corroborated by the Human Rights Service (HRS) of the United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH), at least 613 people were killed and a further 375 were injured2 during the reporting period. While 64% of those killed and injured were associated with gangs, nearly one third were not and were struck by stray bullets or deliberately killed or assaulted on suspicion of having links with rival gangs or the security forces. The data of the HRS also indicate that 90% of those killed and injured were documented in incidents of gang violence, nearly 9% during security force operations, and 1% as a result of acts of popular violence against persons suspected of being affiliated with gangs. In addition, more than 176 women and girls3, aged between 10 and 71, were victims of rape, including gang rape, committed by gang members, often as a form of “punishment” against populations living in areas under the control of rival gangs. Owing to fear of reprisals, stigmatization and limited access to services, these cases are likely to be underreported. The gangs also targeted public and private buildings, resulting in the suspension of most commercial activities and basic services in the neighbourhoods affected by the violence, including schools and health services4. The humanitarian and socio-economic impact was significant, with more than 18,000 people forced to flee5. 3 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH The available information indicates that several of the documented acts, including killings, gang rapes, and the destruction of property and buildings housing providers of essential services, may amount to serious violations of international human rights law. This level of gang clashes and human rights violations had not been documented in this part of the capital since January and February 2024, during territorial fighting between members of the G9 and G-PèP criminal alliances6. In this regard, the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac area remains highly sought after by gangs, as it hosts several commercial enterprises and is crossed by two strategic roads enabling trucks travelling from the capital’s container port and the Varreux oil terminal to access the country’s main highway to the north. At the end of March 2026, security force operations were conducted in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Cité Soleil, at times with the support of a private military company. However, these operations remained limited in the face of the scale of gang violence in these areas. In addition, allegations have been reported of links between members of these gangs and elements of the Haitian National Police (HNP). In this context, the continued high level of violence in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Cité Soleil, together with the absence of a sustained police presence, has had serious consequences for the protection of the population, economic stability and State authority. 4 MAP OF BUSINESSES AND GANG PRESENCE IN THE PLAINE DU CUL-DE-SAC AND CITÉ SOLEIL AREAS 5 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH TERMINOLOGICAL AND LEGAL CLARIFICATIONS The distinction made in this report between “persons associated with gangs” and “persons not associated with gangs” is solely descriptive and does not constitute a legal category carrying consequences for the legal status of individuals. This distinction is used for protection and analytical purposes, in order to identify gangs’ modus operandi, measure the impact of violence on the most vulnerable population groups not involved in criminal activities and, more broadly, to understand patterns of violence with a view to making concrete recommendations to address and prevent them. In accordance with national law and Haiti’s international human rights obligations, fundamental rights, in particular the right to life, must be guaranteed to every person without discrimination, including regardless of their actual or presumed association with a gang. Violence perpetrated by gangs has resulted in killings, sexual violence, the intentional destruction of property, restrictions on access to essential services, and other serious human rights violations. The State remains under an obligation, pursuant to its international obligations, to respect, protect and fulfil the fundamental rights of the population, in particular the rights to life, security of person and physical integrity. Accordingly, any use of force by law enforcement officials, including where certain of their functions are delegated to private actors, must comply with the principles of legality, precaution, necessity, proportionality, non-discrimination and accountability7. These principles strictly limit the use of potentially lethal force to situations where it is unavoidable in order to protect lives against an imminent threat, and only as a measure of last resort, when other less extreme measures, such as capture or non-lethal incapacitation, have been exhausted or deemed inadequate8. 6 HAITI FLASH REPORT 1. CONTEXT The commune of Cité Soleil, and in particular the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac – an area of major economic and strategic importance for both the businesses established there and the criminal gangs operating in the area – had not experienced major armed violence since the beginning of 2024. 1.1 ARMED VIOLENCE BETWEEN 2024 AND 2026 At the beginning of 2024, the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac area, together with several neighbouring localities in Cité Soleil, became the scene of violent clashes between the G9 and G-Pèp coalitions of gangs amid territorial disputes. During January and February 2024, gang attacks in these areas resulted in more than 402 people killed and 254 injured9, the majority of whom were persons not associated with gangs, struck by stray bullets or targeted solely because they lived in an area controlled by a rival gang. The gangs also attacked the premises of a distillery, killing a security guard and setting fire to eight hectares of crops10. These attacks came to an end around 29 February 2024, when several local figures met with gang leaders and succeeded in negotiating a cessation of the fighting to allow businesses in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac to continue operating. At the same time, in the rest of the capital, as part of the Viv Ansanm coalition11, gangs changed their tactics by reducing direct clashes and territorial confrontations among them in order, on the one hand, to focus their attacks on public institutions and infrastructure (including ministerial buildings, prisons and police stations), as well as private property, and, on the other hand, to strengthen their criminal governance in areas already under their control. 7 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH Victims of Killings and Injuries (Persons Not Associated with Gangs and Persons Associated with Gangs) During Gang Attacks in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and the Commune of Cité Soleil, 2024–2026 February 2024: Activation of the Viv Ansanm Gang Coalition People Killed and Injured 700 600 Late 2025 – February 2026: Intensification of Security Operations Against Gangs in Lower Delmas and Port-au-Prince 500 400 300 200 100 20 JA 25 N -F EB 20 M A 26 RM AY 20 26 JU N -J U L 20 26 Q 4 20 25 Q 3 20 25 Q 2 20 25 Q 1 20 24 Q 4 20 24 Q 3 20 24 Q 2 20 24 Q 1 Q 4 20 23 0 The resumption of gang clashes in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac since March 2026 can be partly understood in the light of the intensification of security force operations in several areas of the capital under gang control, notably Bel-Air, downtown Port-au-Prince and Fort National (commune of Port-au-Prince), as well as the neighbourhoods located between Delmas 1 and Delmas 18, commonly referred to as “Lower Delmas” (commune of Delmas). Conducted since the end of 2025, these operations, supported on certain occasions by a private military company, caused numerous deaths and injuries among members of several gangs, including the Delmas 6, Krache Dife, La Saline, Les Argentins and Tokyo gangs12. They also forced these same gangs to abandon their bases and seek refuge in other communes of the capital, such as Cité Soleil and Croix-des-Bouquets. This displacement generated tensions with gangs already present in those areas. 8 HAITI FLASH REPORT 1.2 BINUH GANGS INVOLVED IN THE CLASHES IN THE PLAINE DU CUL-DE-SAC AND CITÉ SOLEIL, 6 MARCH–31 JULY 2026 2026 The clashes involved different gangs, primarily grouped into two alliances with shifting memberships. Area Gangs Allied Name of During the the Leader Controlled by the Gang Clashes “Obama” Pierre VI (real name (Cité Soleil) Pierre VI unkown) Terre Noire Terre Noire Jonel Catel (Cité Soleil) G-9 Name of the Leader 400 Mawozo Joseph Wilson Against Boston Mathias Saintil Boston (Cité Soleil) Wharf Jérémie Micanor Altès Wharf Jérémie (Port-au-Prince) Belekou James Edmond (alias “Bendji”) Belekou (Cité Soleil) Claudy Célestin Croix-desMissions, Butte Boyer, Marin Shadda, Santo (Croix-desBouquets) Chen Mechan Gangs Allied During the Clashes Canaan Tokyo me of the NaLeader Jeff Larose Wooddensley Saintilaire Clashes Since 13 June Chen Mechan Claudy Célestin Area Controlled by the Gang Centre-ville de Croix-desbouquets, Ganthier, Thomazeau (Croix-desBouquets) Canaan (Croix-desBouquets) Based in Village de la Renaissance (Cité Soleil) since February 2026 Croix-desMissions, Butte Boyer, Marin Shadda, Santo (Croix-desBouquets) Change of Alliance After 11 March During the first months of 2026, several reports received by the HRS also pointed to alleged links between some of these gangs and members of the Haitian National Police (HNP), notably in the commission or facilitation of criminal activities. In this regard, according to the Central Directorate of the Judicial Police (DCPJ), in February 2026, a criminal network composed of 17 individuals, including five police officers alleged to have supported the Tokyo gang and to have been involved in kidnappings in the communes of Delmas, Pétion-Ville and Port-au-Prince, was dismantled by its services. The arrested police officers, some of whom were also employed by Haitian private security companies, allegedly acted as escorts for gang members or supplied them with weapons and ammunition. 9 G-PèP G-9 HAITI FLASH REPORT 1.3 BINUH DATA ON PERSONS KILLED AND INJURED DURING GANG CLASHES IN THE PLAINE DU CUL-DE-SAC AND CITÉ SOLEIL, 6 MARCH–31 JULY 2026 During the gang clashes that took place, between 6 March and 31 July 2026, in the Plaine du Culde-Sac and Cité Soleil at least 613 people were killed and 375 others were injured13. People Killed Total Persons Not Associated with Gangs 613 214 persons 91 men, 74 women, 37 boys and 12 girls 139 people People Injured 375 74 men, 37 women, 11 boys and 17 girls Persons Associated with Gangs 399 people 391 men and 8 women 236 people All men Among the victims, 90% were killed or injured as a result of violence perpetrated by gangs14 ; 9% during operations conducted by the security forces and a private military company15; and 1% as a result of so-called “popular justice” against individuals suspected of being affiliated with gangs16. 10 1.4 TIMELINE OF INCIDENTS BETWEEN MARCH 6 AND JULY 31 In early February, the Tokyo gang established itself in Village de la Renaissance after being driven from its base in Delmas by security operations. This move was opposed by the Chen Mechan, Pierre VI, and Terre Noire gangs, but was supported by the 400 Mawozo and Canaan gangs, which sought to expand their influence in the area. Between 6 and 11 March, the violence left at least 74 people dead and 76 others injured. FIRST WAVE OF VIOLENCE 6 MARCH – 18 APRIL Following these clashes, Chen Mechan joined the alliance with the 400 Mawozo and Canaan. On 28 March, a private military company launched four explosive drones at a house where the leader of the Canaan gang was staying, killing nine members of the gang. A lull in the violence was observed between 12 and 18 April, following mediation efforts led by businesses in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac. During this first wave of violence, 111 women and girls, including the youngest, who was just 10 years old, were victims of rape and gang rape committed by gang members. Between 19 and 22 April, the violence intensified once again, leaving at least 117 people dead and 125 others injured. SECOND WAVE OF VIOLENCE 19 APRIL – 9 MAY THIRDWAVE OFVIOLENCE 10MAY– 3JUNE On 20 April, an UTAG patrol intercepted a minibus carrying members of the 400 Mawozo gang in Sarthe, killing 12 of them during an exchange of gunfire. Between 23 April and 9 May, the violence subsided. Nevertheless, at least 22 people were killed and two others injured. Between 19 April and 9 May, 46 women and girls, aged between 21 and 55, were subjected to rape and gang rape committed by gang members. Violent clashes resumed between 10 and 13 May, leaving at least 147 people dead and 75 others injured. Between 14 and 21 May, a new lull in the violence was observed. However, 10 people were killed, and six gang rapes were documented. On 20 May, a purported “truce” was concluded between the gangs, although no agreement was reached on the withdrawal of the Tokyo gang from Village de la Renaissance. At the beginning of June, tensions between gangs continued. On 13 June, at least 61 people were killed and 20 others injured in an attack on a “rara” procession celebrating the FIFA World Cup match between Haiti and Scotland. FOURTH WAVE OF VIOLENCE 4 JUNE – 31 JULY A cycle of violence then took hold between gangs, leaving 45 people dead and 25 others injured between 14 and 20 June, while 13 people were abducted by the Wharf Jérémie gang. Several police operations were conducted from 15 June onwards. During these operations, 10 people were killed and eight others injured. Nevertheless, clashes between the Belekou and Wharf Jérémie gangs continued and even spread toward the Varreux fuel terminal. Between 19 and 22 June, the violence left 20 people dead and 26 others injured, the majority of whom were struck by stray bullets. Although the intensity of the clashes declined from 23 June onwards, tensions remained high. From then until 31 July, 44 people were killed in Cité Soleil, most of them targeted because they were suspected of supporting rival gangs or accused of violating rules imposed by the gangs. 11 HAITI FLASH REPORT 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PHASES OF THE CLASHES 2.1 PHASE 1: FIRST WAVE OF ARMED VIOLENCE, 6 MARCH–18 APRIL The arrival of members of the Tokyo gang in the small locality of Village de la Renaissance (Cité Soleil) at the beginning of February 2026 led to a shift in the alliances between the gangs operating in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac. Until then, this locality had not been under the control of any gang because of its relative isolation and the limited opportunities for generating illicit revenue. One of the Tokyo gang’s first objectives was to restore its operational capacity and secure new sources of illicit revenue after having been driven out of the Lower Delmas area by security force operations. To that end, members of the gang quickly established an illegal checkpoint along Route 9, at the southern entrance to Village de la Renaissance. Established to extort cargo trucks and public transport vehicles travelling towards the northern part of the capital, the checkpoint was opposed by the Chen Mechan, Pierre VI and Terre Noire gangs, which operate nearby and also derive revenue from extorting trucks using National Road No. 1, particularly in the Sarthe and Duvivier areas. By contrast, the 400 Mawozo and Canaan gangs, based in Croix-des-Bouquets, supported the establishment of the checkpoint, as they also sought to expand their influence in the area. The first clashes began on 6 March, following the killing of two members of the Canaan gang by members of the Chen Mechan gang, and continued until 11 March. The clashes involved two alliances: on one side, the 400 Mawozo, Canaan and Tokyo gangs; on the other, the Chen Mechan, Pierre VI and Terre Noire gangs. The clashes were concentrated in the areas of Blanchard, Duvivier, Fourgy, Terre Noire and Village de la Renaissance (Cité Soleil), as well as Bon Repos, Lilavois, Moleya and Sicot (Croix-des-Bouquets). During these six days, at least 74 people were killed (20 persons not associated with gangs and 54 persons associated with gangs), while 76 others were injured (40 persons not associated with gangs and 36 persons associated with gangs)17. 12 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH VICTIMS OF GANG ATTACKS Documented Killings and Injuries, March 6–11 59 % 150 victims 40% Persons Associated with Gangs 41 % Persons Not Associated with Gangs While the vast majority of persons associated with gangs (69) were killed or injured during exchanges of gunfire18, others were executed after being overpowered and disarmed. For example, on 8 March, 15 members of the Canaan gang were captured by the Pierre VI gang inside the Duvivier secondary school, where they had been hiding, and were subsequently shot dead. Among the persons not associated with gangs (60), 37 were killed or injured inside their homes or while attempting to flee through the streets19. A further 2320 were executed or severely beaten after being accused of collaborating with rival gangs or the police, or simply for refusing to join the gangs*. Following these incidents, the Chen Mechan gang, which had initially opposed the Tokyo gang’s takeover of Village de la Renaissance, changed sides and aligned itself with the 400 Mawozo and Canaan gangs. According to community sources, the latter allegedly offered *On 11 March, in Duvivier (Cité Soleil), 20 men residing in the Pierre VI neighbourhood (Cité Soleil) were severely beaten by members of the gang controlling the area after refusing the gang leader’s orders to join the clashes and help erect barricades to protect the neighbourhood against rival gangs. Two of them later died from their injuries. Source: HRS to support Chen Mechan in taking control of the Pierre VI and Terre Noire neighbourhoods (Cité Soleil). Between 12 March and 18 April, a relative lull was observed. This was reportedly the result of mediation efforts undertaken by businesses operating in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, an approach that has been used since at least 2022 to prevent violence from paralysing their activities and putting their staff at risk. 13 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH Despite this lull, seven people21, were killed in the areas of Duvivier, Fourgy and Terre Noire (Cité Soleil), including two 17-year-old boys. They were shot dead on 24 March by the leader of the Terre Noire gang after being accused of passing information to the Chen Mechan gang. Moreover, throughout this first wave of armed violence, the HRS was able to confirm with service providers at least 111 cases of sexual violence, including gang rape, committed by masked and armed gang members, particularly in the areas of Canaan, Duvivier, Pierre VI and Sarthe. Victims interviewed by human rights officers reported that they had been attacked after assailants forcibly entered their homes, usually in the evening, taking them and their relatives by surprise*. In several cases, the armed men severely beat children or other family members before raping the victims. Other survivors reported that they were intercepted in the streets while returning home and taken to bushy areas, where they were raped. Lastly, although the Haitian security forces did not intervene during this period, a private military company launched four explosive drones in the Canaan area (Croix-desBouquets), near a house where the leader of the gang controlling the area was staying, killing nine gang members who were guarding the building. * On 11 April, one of the survivors, a 33-year-old woman living in Pierre VI, was at home preparing a meal for her three children, aged between four and eight, when she heard people shouting in the street: “Bandi yo anvayi nou!” (“The gangs are invading us!”). She immediately fled her home with her children and sought refuge in an open area in Carrefour Trois Mains (Tabarre), where a large number of displaced persons had already gathered. At around 6 p.m., after gunfire had subsided and believing that the gang members had left the area, she returned home with her children. Shortly afterwards, someone banged violently on the door. Thinking it was her husband, she opened it and found herself facing five armed, masked men. They asked why she was still in the area, then severely beat her with the butts of their weapons before gang-raping her in front of her children. The following day, the survivor went to a healthcare centre, where she received medical treatment. After the assault, she initially sought refuge with a friend in the commune of Carrefour before moving once again to a site for displaced persons. Source: HRS 14 2.2 PHASE 2: SECOND WAVE OF ARMED VIOLENCE, 19 APRIL–9 MAY From 19 April 2026 onwards, a new escalation of gang clashes was observed in several areas of the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, notably Fourgy, Pierre VI, Sarthe and Terre Noire, driven by the Tokyo gang’s determination to maintain its presence in Village de la Renaissance. According to HRS data, in less than three days, between 19 and 22 April, at least 117 people were killed (110 persons associated with gangs and seven persons not associated with gangs), while 125 others were injured (110 persons91%associated with 9% gangs and 15 persons not associated with 22 gangs) . All persons associated with gangs were killed or injured during exchanges of gunfire in the Pierre VI and Terre Noire neighbourhood. VICTIMS OF GANG ATTACKS Documented Killings and Injuries, April 19–22 91 % 242 victims 40% Persons Associated with Gangs 9% Persons Not Associated with Gangs Most of the persons not associated with gangs (19) were struck by stray bullets inside their homes or at the site for displaced people located near the Sarthe municipal hall. The HRS also documented the violent deaths of two men. One of them, aged 71, was shot dead on 19 April by the leader of the Boston gang after approaching him to ask for food. The other was killed on 20 April by members of the Pierre VI gang after being accused of passing information to the Canaan gang. One of the first interventions by the Haitian security forces since the beginning of the clashes took place on 20 April in the Sarthe area. Officers from the Temporary Anti-Gang Unit (UTAG), who were patrolling Sarthe Road in an armoured vehicle, intercepted a minibus carrying members of the 400 Mawozo gang. During the ensuing exchange of gunfire, at least 12 of them, all men, were killed. No police officers were reported killed or injured. After the peak of violence between 19 and 22 April, the intensity of the gang clashes subsided again from 23 April onwards, although persons not associated with gangs continued to be targeted by abuses23. 15 * On 25 April, a woman walking through the Duvivier area from Fourgy was intercepted by members of the Pierre VI gang, who insistently questioned her about the reasons for her presence in the area. According to witnesses to the incident, she was so overcome with fear that she was unable to respond. The gang members then accused her of being an informant for the Chen Mechan gang and executed her on the spot. Source: HRS Among the victims is a nine-year-old girl, killed by a bullet to the head on April 29 in the Fourgy neighborhood by members of the Chen Mechan gang because she came from the neighborhood controlled by the Terre Noire gang. The girl was with her mother at the Duvivier intersection when she was hit, while her mother managed to escape. Four other people (three men and one woman*) were also killed, either for having refused to collaborate with gang members, or because they were accused of gathering information for rival gangs. Like the first wave of violence, several cases of sexual violence were reported during this second phase. Between April 19 and May 9, at least 46 women, aged between 21 and 55, were victims of rapes, including gang rapes, by gang members. Among the cases documented by the HRS, on May 5, a woman was a victim of a gang rape in Fourgy, by a group of armed men. These men first set fire to her home, causing the death of her husband and her little daughter, barely two years old. They then raped her in the presence of her 10-year-old son, who had survived the fire. 2.3 PHASE 3: THIRD WAVE OF ARMED VIOLENCE, 10 MAY–3 JUNE From 10 May 2026 onwards, a new outbreak of violence was recorded in several neighbourhoods of Cité Soleil, notably Blanchard, Duvivier, Larousse, Pierre VI, Sarthe, Terre Noire and Village de la Renaissance. This outbreak lasted four days, until 13 May, and resulted in at least 147 deaths (114 persons associated with gangs and 33 persons not associated with gangs) and 75 injuries (68 persons associated with gangs and seven persons not associated with gangs)24. 82% 18% VICTIMS OF GANG ATTACKS Documented Killings and Injuries, May 10–13 82 % 222 victims 40% Persons Associated with Gangs 18 % Persons Not Associated with Gangs 16 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH According to information collected by the HRS, all persons associated with gangs were killed or injured during exchanges of gunfire. Persons not associated with gangs, however, were killed or injured in different ways. First, eight people (five men, one woman and two boys) were struck by stray bullets while inside their homes or in the streets. Another eight (five men, two women and a two-year-old girl), who were attempting to flee the Larousse and Sarthe neighbourhoods, were deliberately shot dead in the streets by members of the 400 Mawozo, Canaan and Chen Mechan gangs. In addition, 24 people (including 18 children aged between 14 and 17) were executed by persons associated with the Chen Mechan or Pierre VI gangs after being accused of collaborating with rival gangs. From 13 May onwards, a decrease in the intensity of the clashes was observed, notably as a result of several security force operations. Between 13 and 20 May, at least five police operations were conducted in Sarthe (Cité Soleil) and in Bon Repos, Lathan, Lilavois, Marin and Shadda (Croixdes-Bouquets), during which 11 persons associated with gangs were killed and 14 others injured, all of them men. In addition, six persons not associated with gangs (three men and three women) were killed, while another nine (three men, four women and two girls aged 12 and 17) were injured by stray bullets. Moreover, several incidents involving gang members continued to be documented. Between 14 and 21 May, gangs killed at least 15 people (three women associated with gangs and 12 persons not associated with gangs25). One man not associated with gangs was also injured. Among the persons not associated with gangs who were killed was a 14-year-old boy. He was struck by a bullet fired by members of the Chen Mechan gang while attempting to flee his neighbourhood with his family. Seriously wounded, he died in the street. * Among the 18 victims were 17 boys aged between 15 and 17, who were executed on 11 May on the orders of the leader of the Pierre VI gang. The incident began when a gang member caught one of the boys talking on the phone with a person suspected of being affiliated with the Canaan gang. After apprehending the teenager and searching his phone, gang members allegedly found the names of several youths from the neighbourhood involved in conversations referring to the possibility of receiving money from the Canaan gang in exchange for information. Members of the Pierre VI gang then went through the streets and forcibly entered several homes to bring out the teenager’s friends. They subsequently executed the 17 boys: 11 of them in the Pierre VI area, in the courtyard of a building used by the gang, and the remaining six in the Simon Pelé neighbourhood, where they were taken to an informal dumpsite and shot dead. Source: HRS 17 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH During the same period, six cases of gang rape involving five women and one 11-year-old girl were also documented in the areas of Duvivier, Pierre VI and Terre Noire. The assaults were committed while the victims were attempting to flee neighbourhoods affected by the clashes, or inside their homes after they had returned to retrieve their belongings. On 20 May, in an audio message circulated on social media26, a man identifying himself as the leader of the Terre Noire gang condemned the attacks carried out in Cité Soleil by gangs affiliated with the Viv Ansanm coalition against other groups belonging to the same coalition. He also denounced the targeted attacks against persons not associated with gangs and the destruction of buildings. According to local sources, following this message, several gang leaders reportedly held a videoconference with a view to reaching a “truce”. However, no agreement was reportedly reached regarding the withdrawal of the Tokyo gang from Village de la Renaissance, where it remained established at the end of July. In the days following this “truce”, in particular between 22 May and 3 June, no further major gang clashes were reported in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Cité Soleil. However, at least six persons 3.4 not associated with gangs (one man, four women and one girl) were killed in incidents involving gang members. Some of these victims were executed because they were considered “hostile” to the gangs or after being accused of collaborating with the police. For example, on 26 May, a 17-yearold girl was shot dead by the leader of the Pierre VI gang because she had sent messages to her family stating that she wanted to leave her neighbourhood owing to the violence perpetrated by the gangs. 2.4 PHASE 4: FOURTH WAVE OF ARMED VIOLENCE, 4–20 JUNE At the beginning of June, tensions between gangs continued. For example, on 6 June, a woman was shot dead by the leader of the Pierre VI gang because, during a conversation in the street, she had expressed sympathy for the gang from the Brooklyn area, a neighbourhood where dozens of families from Pierre VI had sought refuge to escape the violence. It should be noted that, until then, the Brooklyn gang had not been directly involved in the gang clashes. However, the appointment of several of its members to positions within the Cité Soleil municipal administration during the month of June exacerbated rivalries with several other gangs, in particular the Belekou gang27. 18 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH In this highly volatile environment, on 13 June, at around 11:30 p.m., shortly after the FIFA World Cup match between Haiti and Scotland, a gathering of more than 300 people from the Wharf Jérémie neighbourhood (on the border between the communes of Port-au-Prince and Cité Soleil), including members of a traditional “rara” musical group as well as persons associated with the gang from that neighbourhood, proceeded along the road leading to the Belekou neighbourhood. Upon reaching the entrance to the neighbourhood, the group was attacked by members of the Belekou gang, some of whom were positioned on the rooftops of nearby houses. According to local sources, the attack was allegedly ordered by the leader of the Belekou gang, who mistakenly believed that the “rara” procession was a diversion orchestrated by the rival Brooklyn gang in order to attack and kill him. During the assault, at least 61 people were killed and 20 others injured. In an initial burst of gunfire, 43 people28 taking part in the procession were killed, while another 20 were injured29. Among the victims were at least seven children, the youngest of whom was only seven years old. Subsequently, 18 other people30 were shot dead while attempting to flee the neighbourhood. The leader of the Wharf Jérémie gang, who was participating in the rara procession, narrowly escaped death by taking refuge in the neighbouring Boston neighbourhood. In addition, following the shooting, at least 66 people (29 men, 19 women, 11 boys and 7 girls) who had been part of the “rara” procession were held captive by members of the Belekou gang. According to local sources, while in captivity, nine women and four girls were raped by members of the Belekou gang, while seven men were executed. The remaining captives were released a few days later. From that point onwards, a cycle of violence took hold between the two gangs, marked by clashes, kidnappings and executions. Between 14 and 20 June, at least 45 people were killed (8 persons associated with gangs and 37 persons not associated with gangs) and another 25 injured (all persons not associated with gangs)31 in Cité Soleil. In addition, on 14 June, members of the Wharf Jérémie gang abducted 13 people (10 women and 3 men) from the Belekou neighbourhood while they were travelling in a public transport vehicle in the Delmas A1 neighbourhood (commune of Delmas). Five of these passengers (all women) were killed by members of the Wharf Jérémie gang on 17 June. The reasons why they were specifically targeted could not be established. The deployment of several armoured vehicles of the Haitian National Police (HNP) at the entrance to the main road leading to Belekou, between 15 and 18 June, helped to limit the violence to some extent. Upon their arrival, police officers exchanged gunfire with members of the Belekou gang. Three persons associated with the gang were killed, along with two women not associated with gangs who were inside the Belekou market. Three other women were injured. 19 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH Despite this deployment, clashes between the Belekou and Wharf Jérémie gangs continued and spread towards the Varreux oil terminal, preventing numerous trucks from supplying fuel to the rest of the capital. Between 19 and 22 June, the violence claimed the lives of 20 people (three men associated with gangs and 17 persons not associated with gangs) and injured 26 persons not associated with gangs32. The majority of the victims were struck by stray bullets while inside their homes, particularly in the Brooklyn and Boston neighbourhoods. Although the intensity of the clashes declined from 23 June onwards, tensions remained high between the different gangs. Between 29 June and 31 July, at least 44 people, including 24 persons associated with gangs and 20 persons not associated with gangs33, were killed, while two women not associated with gangs were injured, notably in the Belekou and Simon Pelé areas. The overwhelming majority of the victims (44 of 46) were killed or injured in targeted attacks rather than by stray bullets during gang clashes, which had largely subsided. They were targeted because they were suspected of supporting rival gangs or accused of violating rules imposed by the gangs. 20 HAITI FLASH REPORT 3. ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLAINE DU CUL-DE-SAC The Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, which spans the communes of Cité Soleil, Croix-des-Bouquets and Tabarre, represents a major economic and commercial asset for the businesses established there, as well as a key area for the criminal governance of gangs. For many years, the gangs established in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, together with their supporters, have operated through a criminal economy based primarily on the extortion of economic operators, the collection of illegal taxes on commercial activities, and the control of certain transport and supply routes. These criminal activities enable the gangs to generate substantial illicit revenue while consolidating their territorial influence and operational capacity. The economic operators that continue to operate in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac include the Rhum Barbancourt distillery, the La Couronne and Séjourné breweries, the Comme Il Faut Tobacco Company, Flamengo Import-Export (one of Haiti’s largest importers of construction materials); BPH Industries (a manufacturer of food products and cleaning products), water treatment companies; E-Power (a private electricity generation company), and the National Equipment Centre (an entity under the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications responsible for the construction of public infrastructure). The Plaine du Cul-de-Sac is also crossed by two roads: National Road No. 1 and Route 9. National Road No. 1 is a major transport corridor enabling trucks departing from the capital’s main container port, operated by the National Port Authority (APN) and Caribbean Port Services (the country’s leading private container terminal operator), as well as from the Varreux oil terminal, to reach the northern part of the country. Along one section of this road, in Marin (Croix-des-Bouquets), the Chen Mechan gang has, since the beginning of 2025, operated an illegal checkpoint where it extorts vehicles, particularly cargo trucks. Route 9, which runs parallel to National Road No. 1, also serves as an alternative route to the northern part of the country. Along sections of this road in Sarthe and Duvivier, the Pierre VI and Terre Noire gangs have operated two illegal checkpoints since 2023. 21 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH Shortly after arriving in the Village de la Renaissance locality, the Tokyo gang established another illegal checkpoint on the same Route 9. This triggered strong opposition from the other gangs, leading to the recent clashes, while also contributing to the reconfiguration of gang dynamics and alliances in the area (see section 1.2. Gangs Involved in the Clashes in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Cité Soleil, 6 March–31 July 2026 2026). In May 2026, the violence in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac prompted the heads of businesses operating in the area to issue several public statements and engage with national and international stakeholders to warn of the risks that the continued violence posed to their commercial activities. For example, in a press release dated 10 May34, they denounced the gradual abandonment of this strategic area, the deteriorating security situation and the threats to their economic and logistics operations. A few days later, the heads of these same companies met with the Special Representative of the Gang Suppression Force (GSF) to share their concerns regarding the deterioration of the security situation and the lack of a coordinated response by the authorities. 22 HAITI FLASH REPORT 4. RESPONSE OF THE AUTHORITIES Since the outbreak of the clashes on 6 March 2026, at least 20 law enforcement operations aimed at restoring security were carried out in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Cité Soleil areas. These operations took place between 28 March and 12 July. Most were conducted on the ground by specialized units of the Haitian National Police (HNP), including the Motorized Intervention Brigade (BIM), the Departmental Operations and Intervention Brigade (BOID), the Research and Intervention Brigade (BRI), the Departmental Unit for the Maintenance of Order (UDMO), the Temporary Anti-Gang Unit (UTAG) and the Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) unit. One operation was also conducted on 28 March by a private military company using explosive drones to target a building housing gang members in Canaan (Croix-des-Bouquets). As the Gang Suppression Force (GSF) had not yet been fully deployed, it carried out regular patrols in certain areas of Cité Soleil but did not participate in operations against gangs. During these operations, at least 55 people were killed (44 persons associated with gangs and 11 persons not associated with gangs), while another 41 were injured (22 persons associated with gangs and 19 persons not associated with gangs)35. While most persons associated with gangs were killed or injured during exchanges of gunfire with the police or by explosive drones, most persons not associated with gangs were struck by stray bullets while inside their homes. It is important to recall that any use of lethal force by the security forces, including by private companies acting on behalf of the State36, must comply with international human rights law and respect the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality, non-discrimination, precaution and accountability37. The use of potentially lethal force is limited to situations where it is unavoidable in order to protect lives against an imminent threat, and only as a measure of last resort, when other less extreme measures, such as capture or non-lethal incapacitation, have been exhausted or deemed insufficient38. The State remains responsible for any use of force carried out on its behalf and has an obligation to ensure that all allegations of arbitrary, unnecessary or disproportionate use of force are subject to prompt, independent, impartial and effective investigations, and that victims and their families have access to protection, effective remedies and adequate reparation. 23 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH To date, the HRS has received no information indicating that the authorities have opened investigations to establish the circumstances and responsibilities relating to deaths and injuries caused during security force operations, including in cases where children were affected. In addition, these operations have given rise to concerns among local populations, which perceive that they targeted only certain gangs operating in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac. This perception stems in particular from incidents in which individuals allegedly observed police officers instructing members of certain gangs controlling Cité Soleil, such as the Pierre VI and Terre Noire gangs, to stay out of the clashes and allow the security forces to confront the 400 Mawozo, Canaan and Chen Mechan gangs. Furthermore, according to local sources, the Pierre VI and Terre Noire gangs, believing that they would not be able to withstand sustained offensives by the 400 Mawozo, Canaan and Chen Mechan gangs because of the latter’s superior manpower and weaponry, reportedly sought to encourage the continued presence of the police in Cité Soleil in order to prevent further attacks by their rivals. To that end, they would have instructed residents to clean the Duvivier sub-police station, which had remained unoccupied since the police were forced to abandon the police stations in Cité Soleil in 2023 because of gang violence. On 19 May, residents of Duvivier took part in cleaning the building. Between 14 May and 10 June, the Prime Minister also met on several occasions with representatives of the Gang Suppression Force (GSF) to discuss challenges related to the deployment and operations of the force. On those occasions, he reiterated the need for increased international support to ensure the rapid deployment of GSF personnel in Haiti in order to combat armed gangs and restore security throughout the country39. 24 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH RECOMMENDATIONS In light of these findings, the following recommendations are made: To the international community: Accelerate the full deployment of the Gang Suppression Force (GSF) in Haiti in order to strengthen support for the Haitian law enforcement authorities in combating gangs and to contribute to the sustainable restoration of security, in full compliance with international human rights law. To the Haitian authorities, with the support of international partners: Expedite the operationalization of the two specialized judicial units, one of which will be responsible for investigating mass crimes, including killings and sexual violence committed by gangs. To the Haitian authorities, with the support of international partners and civil society organizations: Ensure that all victims of abuses committed by armed gangs, in particular survivors of sexual violence, have effective access to assistance tailored to their needs, while ensuring their protection against threats, intimidation and reprisals. To the Haitian authorities, with the support of international partners: Implement the 2021 National Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration– Community Violence Reduction Strategy (SNDDR-CVR), in particular its provisions on voluntary weapons surrender and weapons buy-back programmes, with a view to reducing the availability of firearms among gang members. To the Haitian authorities, with the support of international partners: Deploy social protection and social development programmes in marginalized areas of Portau-Prince in order to reduce recruitment into gangs, which are often perceived as the only means of accessing economic resources and livelihood opportunities. To the Haitian authorities: Ensure that operations conducted by the security forces comply with applicable international standards governing the use of force; ensure accountability by establishing or strengthening effective mechanisms to investigate any human rights violations that may arise from security operations; and guarantee victims effective access to justice, as well as to effective remedies and adequate reparation. To States in the region: Strengthen and increase inspections of cargo destined for Haiti within their territories, including at seaports and airports, in accordance with United Nations Security Council resolutions 2653 (2022), 2699 (2023), 2752 (2024) and 2794 (2025), which impose an arms embargo. 25 Annex I: Data on Persons Killed and Injured and Main Locations of Gang Clashes in the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and Other Areas of the Commune of Cité Soleil, 6 March–31 July 2026 Commune Localities People Killed and Injured During the Clashes Total victims Pierre VI and Terre Noire 242 killed (15 persons not associated with gangs and 227 persons associated with gangs) 198 injured (20 persons not associated with gangs and 178 persons associated with gangs) 440 Belekou 132 killed (81 persons not associated with gangs and 51 persons associated with gangs) 31 injured (28 persons not associated with gangs and 3 persons associated with gangs) 163 Fourgy 48 killed (17 persons not associated with gangs and 31 persons associated with gangs) 56 injured (20 persons not associated with gangs and 36 persons associated with gangs) 104 Duvivier 57 killed (22 persons not associated with gangs and 35 persons associated with gangs) 20 injured (all persons not associated with gangs) 77 Brooklyn 26 killed (all persons not associated with gangs) 29 injured (all persons not associated with gangs) 55 Sarthe 41 killed (28 persons not associated with gangs and 13 persons associated with gangs) 3 injured (all persons not associated with gangs) 44 9 killed (4 persons not associated with gangs and 5 persons associated with gangs) 9 Cazeau 3 killed (persons associated with gangs) 2 injured (persons associated with gangs) 5 Drouillard 1 killed (person not associated with gangs) 3 injured (persons not associated with gangs) 4 Village de la Renaissance 2 killed (persons associated with gangs) 2 injured (persons not associated with gangs) 4 Blanchard 3 killed (persons not associated with gangs) 3 Larousse 2 killed (persons not associated with gangs) 2 Boston 2 killed (persons not associated with gangs) 2 Martial 1 killed (person not associated with gang) 1 Carrefour Vincent 1 killed (person not associated with gangs) 1 Cité Soleil Simon Pelé 26 Commune Croix-desBouquets Localities People Killed and Injured During the Clashes Total victims Lilavois and Marin 14 killed (6 persons not associated with gangs and 8 persons associated with gangs) 13 injured (6 persons not associated with gangs and 7 persons associated with gangs) 27 Shadda 6 killed (1 person not associated with gangs and 5 persons associated with gangs) 10 injured (3 persons not associated with gangs and 7 persons associated with gangs) 16 Canaan 10 killed (1 person not associated with gangs and 9 persons associated with gangs) 10 Bon Repos 6 killed (4 persons not associated with gangs and 2 persons associated with gangs) 6 Marassa 1 killed (person associated with gangs) 4 injured (1 person not associated with gangs and 3 persons associated with gangs) 5 Doudonne 2 killed (persons associated with gangs) 1 injured (1 person not associated with gangs) 3 Moleya 3 killed (persons associated with gangs) 3 Lathan 2 injured (all persons not associated with gangs) 2 Santo 1 killed (1 person not associated with gangs) 1 Sicot 1 injured (1 person not associated with gangs) 1 Total 988 27 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH ANNEX II: METHODOLOGY The data collection process for this report followed a rigorous documentation and verification procedure, in accordance with the United Nations methodological standards on human rights monitoring and fact-finding. The methodology used to verify the information collected relied on a rigorous triangulation process, enabling the different persons killed and injured to be distinguished. This methodology draws on multiple independent and complementary sources. Information was collected from a range of sources, including victims, witnesses, open sources, service providers, and reports by national and international human rights organizations. The team assessed the reliability of the sources and the credibility of the information collected. First, information gathered from community sources, eyewitnesses to the incidents and family members of victims made it possible to identify by name gang members known to operate in the areas affected by the attacks. In some instances, funerals were held, providing an opportunity to confirm certain deaths. Analysis of the circumstances surrounding the incidents also constituted an important element of the verification process. Persons associated with gangs operated in groups during attacks and clashes. As a result, deaths among gang members frequently occurred in groups. By contrast, except during large-scale attacks (such as the attack in Belekou on 16 June), persons not associated with gangs were generally killed or injured individually by stray bullets. Distinctive identifying features observed during the clashes also helped refine the identification of victims. Persons associated with gangs often wore identifying markers, such as red ribbons, handkerchiefs tied around their arms, or clothing in the specific colours of their gang. All of this information was cross-checked against information obtained from independent third parties, including service providers not directly connected to HRS sources but who had access to persons affected by the events. Finally, an additional layer of verification consisted of analysing and corroborating the data collected against reports produced by partner organizations in order to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the information. The team assessed the reliability of the sources and the credibility of the information collected. The team applied the reasonable grounds to believe standard to determine that the incidents occurred as described and, where legal conclusions were drawn, that the facts met all the constituent elements of a violation. 28 HAITI FLASH REPORT BINUH The team considered this standard to have been met when it was satisfied that it had collected a body of reliable and consistent information, corroborated by other sources, on the basis of which a reasonable and ordinarily prudent person would have grounds to believe that the incident or conduct had in fact occurred. In some cases, the corroboration process takes time. Consequently, as new information becomes available, the findings relating to victims may be revised and the number of victims may change. The team paid particular attention to the principle of “do no harm”, ensuring that all interactions with sources were carefully assessed in order to avoid any risk of adverse impact on individuals and organizations. In addition, measures were taken to ensure the confidentiality of all exchanges. 29 FOOTNOTES BINUH [1] The area known as the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, located to the east of the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area, comprises the localities of Duvivier, Pierre VI, Sarthe and Terre Noire (Cité Soleil); the town centre of Croix-des-Bouquets and the areas of Bon Repos, Canaan, Carrefour Marassa, Cité Doudoune, Duval, Lilavois, Marin, Santo and Shadda (Croix-des-Bouquets); and Cazeau, Clercine, Croix-des-Missions and Damien (Tabarre). [2] 613 people were killed (214 persons not associated with gangs, including 91 men, 74 women, 37 boys and 12 girls; and 399 persons associated with gangs, including 391 men and 8 women) and 375 people were injured (139 persons not associated with gangs, including 74 men, 37 women, 11 boys and 17 girls; and 236 persons associated with gangs, all of them men). Victims among children, particularly those recruited by gangs, remain difficult to document, notably owing to the difficulties in establishing their age with precision in certain circumstances. Consequently, the HRS disaggregation may not be exhaustive. [3] 137 women and 11 girls; the age of the remaining 28 survivors could not be established at the time of publication of this report. [4] Médecins Sans Frontières (12 March 2026). « Haïti : MSF contrainte d’évacuer son hôpital de Cité Soleil et d’y suspendre temporairement ses activités », available at Médecins Sans Frontières (12 mars 2026). « Haïti : MSF contrainte d’évacuer son hôpital de Cité Soleil et d’y suspendre temporairement ses activités », disponible sur https://www.msf.fr/communiques-presse/haiti-msfcontrainte-d-evacuer-son-hopital-de-cite-soleil-et-d-y-suspendre-temporairement-ses-activites. Les activités de l’hôpital de MSF ont repris le 1er juin 2026. MSF resumed the activities of its hospital on 1 June 2026. [5] International Organization for Migration (IOM) (23 May 2026). “Haiti — Emergency Tracking Tool 93.2 — Updates on displacement following armed clashes in Cité Soleil (10 - 22 May 2026)”, available at Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) (23 mai 2026). « Haïti — Suivi des Urgences 93.2 — Mise à jour sur les déplacements liés aux affrontements armés à Cité Soleil (10 - 22 mai 2026) », disponible sur https://dtm.iom.int/node/64796 [6] Between 2022 and 2024, the main gang violence revolved around two rival alliances. The first alliance, known as the G9 an Fanmi e Alye (G9), was a coalition whose spokesperson was Jimmy Chérizier, leader of the Delmas 6 gang. It included the following gangs: Belekou, Boston, Pierre VI, Terre Noire and Simon Pelé (commune of Cité Soleil); Delmas 6 and Tokyo (commune of Delmas); Ti Bois, Base Pilate, Krache Dife, La Saline and Wharf Jérémie (commune of Port-auPrince); and Chen Mechan (commune of Tabarre). The second alliance, known as the G-PèP, comprised the following gangs: Brooklyn (commune of Cité Soleil); 400 Mawozo and Canaan (commune of Croix-des-Bouquets); Grand Ravine, Les Argentins and Village de Dieu (commune of Port-au-Prince); and Kraze Baryè (commune of Tabarre). [7] United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (1990). “Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials”, adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, available at firearms-law-enforcement 30 FOOTNOTES BINUH [8] Ibid., Principle 9; and Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 36, para. 12. [9] Among the 402 persons killed were 247 persons not associated with gangs, including 163 men, 81 women, one boy and two girls; and 155 persons associated with gangs, all of them men. Among the 254 persons injured were 119 persons not associated with gangs, including 73 men, 45 women and one boy; and 135 persons associated with gangs, all of them men. [10] France Info (14 February 2024). « Haïti : la distillerie Barbancourt contrainte à suspendre ses activités bénévoles », available at France Info (14 février 2024). « Haïti : la distillerie Barbancourt contrainte à suspendre ses activités bénévoles », disponible sur https://la1ere.franceinfo.fr/martinique/haiti-la-distillerie-barbancourt-contrainte-a-suspendre-sesactivites-benevoles-1464966.html [11] Although the creation of this coalition was announced in September 2023 by Jimmy Chérizier, the leader of the Delmas 6 gang, in a video broadcast on social media, Viv Ansanm does not appear to have become fully operational until February 2024. [12] Between 1 December and 31 March 2026, 932 persons associated with gangs were killed (917 men and 15 women) and a further 307 were injured (293 men, 12 women and 2 boys) during security force operations in the communes of Delmas and Port-au-Prince. [13] See Annex I for a detailed disaggregation by victim category and location of the incidents. [14] 557 persons killed (203 persons not associated with gangs, including 87 men, 68 women, 36 boys and 12 girls; and 354 persons associated with gangs, including 346 men and 8 women), and 334 persons injured (120 persons not associated with gangs, including 67 men, 27 women, 11 boys and 15 girls; and 214 persons associated with gangs, all of them men). [15] 55 persons killed (11 persons not associated with gangs, including 4 men, 6 women and 1 boy; and 44 persons associated with gangs, all of them men) and 41 persons injured (19 persons not associated with gangs, including 7 men, 10 women and 2 girls; and 22 persons associated with gangs, all of them men). [16] One man. [17] 74 persons killed (20 persons not associated with gangs, including 10 men, 5 women, 2 boys and 3 girls; and 54 persons associated with gangs, all of them men) and 76 persons injured (40 persons not associated with gangs, including 27 men, 5 women, 3 boys and 5 girls; and 36 persons associated with gangs, all of them men). [18] These clashes took place primarily in the areas of Blanchard and Fourgy (Cité Soleil), as well as Marin and Sicot (Croix-des-Bouquets). [19] 116 persons killed (six men, five women, two boys and three girls) and 21 persons injured (nine men, four women, three boys and five girls). [20] Four persons killed (four men) and 19 persons injured (18 men and one woman). 31 FOOTNOTES BINUH [21] Five persons associated with gangs (all men) and two persons not associated with gangs (two 17-year-old boys). [22] 117 persons killed (110 persons associated with gangs, including 105 men and five women; and seven persons not associated with gangs, including four men and three women) and 125 persons injured (110 persons associated with gangs, all of them men; and 15 persons not associated with gangs, including eight men and seven women). [23] Between 23 April and 9 May, at least 22 people were killed (13 men associated with gangs and nine persons not associated with gangs, including five men, two women and two girls). Two persons not associated with gangs (one man and one woman) were also injured. [24] 147 persons killed (114 persons associated with gangs, all of them men; and 33 persons not associated with gangs, including 6 men, eight women, 18 boys and one girl) and 75 persons injured (68 persons associated with gangs, all of them men; and seven persons not associated with gangs, including four men, one woman and two boys). [25] Six hommes, deux femmes, trois garçons et une fille. [26] Facebook, available, as of 25 May 2026, at Facebook, disponible, au 25 mai 2026, sur https://web.facebook.com/reel/907906748942514 [27] During the month of June, at least five men, identified by local sources as members of the Brooklyn gang, were appointed to the municipal council or the Department of Social Affairs of the commune of Cité Soleil. [28] 113 persons associated with the Wharf Jérémie gang (all men) and 30 persons not associated with gangs (nine men, 14 women and seven boys). [29] 20 persons not associated with gangs (15 men, three women and two boys). [30] Seven men associated with the Wharf Jérémie gang, and 11 persons not associated with gangs (seven men and four women). [31] 45 persons were killed (8 persons associated with gangs, all of them men; and 37 persons not associated with gangs, including 21 men, 13 women, 2 boys and 1 girl) and a further 25 were injured (all persons not associated with gangs, including 5 men, 6 women, 4 boys and 10 girls). [32] 17 persons not associated with gangs were killed (6 men, 6 women, 3 boys and 2 girls) and a further 26 persons not associated with gangs were injured (9 men, 5 women, 4 boys and 8 girls). [33] 44 persons killed (24 persons associated with gangs, all of them men; and 20 persons not associated with gangs, including 11 men, eight women and one girl). [34] Delphine Gardère (10 May 2026), publication on X : Delphine Gardère (10 mai 2026), publication sur X : https://x.com/DelphineGardere/status/2053512117047713886 32 FOOTNOTES BINUH [35] 55 persons were killed (44 persons associated with gangs, all of them men; and 11 persons not associated with gangs, including four men, six women and one boy), and a further 41 were injured (22 persons associated with gangs, all of them men; and 19 persons not associated with gangs, including seven men, 10 women and two girls). [36] According to the United Nations Working Group on the use of mercenaries, States are responsible for the conduct of private security and military companies to which they delegate governmental functions, such as the use of force or detention, or which act under their instructions, direction or control. Companies exercising such functions are subject to the same international human rights obligations as the national police or other State security forces. States therefore have a duty to prevent, investigate, punish and provide remedies for summary executions and other serious violations committed by companies operating under their jurisdiction. See Working Group on the use of mercenaries, A/HRC/51/25. [37] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (2020). United Nations Human Rights Guidance on Less-Lethal Weapons in Law Enforcement, available at HCDH (2020). « Lignes directrices des Nations Unies basées sur les droits de l’homme portant sur l’utilisation des armes à léthalité réduite dans le cadre de l’application des lois », disponible sur https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/Guidance-on-Less-lethalWeapons-HR_PUB_20_1_FR.pdf [38] Ibidem. [39] Haïti Libre (15 May 2026). “PM of Haiti visited the base of the Gang Suppression Force”, available at Haïti Libre (15 mai 2026). « PM of Haiti visited the base of the Gang Supression Force », disponible sur https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-47517-pm-of-haiti-visited-the-base-ofthe-gang-supression-force.html 33