Enquête sur la Jeunesse d'Haïti 2009

Haiti Youth Survey 2009 Henriette Lunde (ed.) Henriette Lunde (ed.) This report presents the tabulations from the Haiti Youth Survey, a follow up to the 2001 Haiti Living Condition Survey with a special focus on youth. One-third of the Haitian population is Haiti Youth Survey 2009 between 10 and 24 years of age and the opportunities made available to them will greatly influence whether Haiti will stabilize and prosper, or relapse into conflict. The chapters in the Volume I: Tabulation Report report document the situation for Haitian youth in key sectors such as education, labour force Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report participation, migration and feeling of security. The report also contains data at the household level on central topics affecting the conditions for youth in the household, such as composition of households, household economy and access to infrastructure. A set of indicators used to assess selected Millennium Development Goals is also included in the report. The Haiti Youth Survey is a national survey of close to 2,000 households implemented by Fafo in collaboration with Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance. This report, as well as the analytical report from the survey, will also be made available in French. The Haiti Youth Survey is financed by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Henriette Lunde (ed.) P.O.Box 2947 Tøyen Fafo-report 2009:53 Fafo N-0608 Oslo ISBN 978-82-7422-711-8 www.fafo.no/english/ ISSN 0801-6143 Order no. 20143 20143-omslag.indd 1 09.02.2010 13:34:19 Henriette Lunde (ed.) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 © Fafo 2009 ISBN 978-82-7422-711-8 ISSN 0801-6143 Cover photo: © Henriette Lunde Cover design: Fafo Information office Printed in Norway by: Allkopi AS Contents List of Tables.............................................................................................................................................. 4 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................... 9 Abbreviations and Acronyms................................................................................................................. 10 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Chapter 1 Population.............................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2 Youth population .................................................................................................................. 43 Chapter 3 Education ............................................................................................................................... 65 Chapter 4 Labour Force......................................................................................................................... 107 Chapter 5 Migration and relocation.................................................................................................... 133 Chapter 6 Security ................................................................................................................................ 161 Chapter 7 Household Economy............................................................................................................ 171 Chapter 8 Dwelling and infrastructure. .............................................................................................. 195 Technical Appendix: Sample Design. ................................................................................................... 211 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 3  List of Tables Contents Chapter 1 Population 1.1Populationdistributionbyageandgender 1.2Nationalityandbirthcertificate 1.3Placeofbirth 1.4Religiousaffilitation 1.5Maritalstatus 1.6Maritalstatus,men 1.7Maritalstatus,women 1.8Ageofhouseholdhead 1.9Genderofhouseholdhead 1.10Spouseinhouseholdforfemaleheadedhouseholds 1.11Sizeofhousehold 1.12Dependencyratios 1.13Highestcompletededucation,15andolder 1.14Highestcompletededucation,men15andolder 1.15Highestcompletededucation,women15andolder 1.16LiteracyCreoleorFrench,15andolder 1.17LiteracyCreoleorFrench,men15andolder 1.18LiteracyCreoleorFrench,women15andolder 1.19LiteracyCreole,15andolder 1.20LiteracyCreole,men15andolder 1.21LiteracyCreole,women15andolder 1.22LiteracyFrench,15andolder 1.23LiteracyFrench,men15andolder 1.24LiteracyFrench,women15andolder 1.25LiteracyCreoleorFrench,householdheads 1.26Mainoccupation,15andolder Contents Chapter 2 Youth population 2.1Orphanhoodamongyouth 2.2Parentalpresenceinhousehold 2.3Parentalpresenceinhousehold,boys 2.4Parentalpresenceinhousehold,girls 2.5Parentalpresenceinhousehold,urbanareas 2.6Parentalpresenceinhousehold,ruralareas 2.7Money/giftsfromfather'shousehold 2.8Money/giftsfrommother'shousehold 2.9Placeofbirth 2.10Maritalstatus 2.11Maritalstatus,boys 2.12Maritalstatus,girls 2.13LiteracyCreoleorFrench 2.14LiteracyCreoleorFrench,boys 2.15LiteracyCreoleorFrench,girls Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 2.16LiteracyCreole 2.17LiteracyCreole,boys 4 – Fafo-report 2009:53 2.18LiteracyCreole,girls 2.19LiteracyFrench 2.9Placeofbirth 2.10Maritalstatus 2.11Maritalstatus,boys 2.12Maritalstatus,girls 2.13LiteracyCreoleorFrench 2.14LiteracyCreoleorFrench,boys 2.15LiteracyCreoleorFrench,girls 2.16LiteracyCreole 2.17LiteracyCreole,boys 2.18LiteracyCreole,girls 2.19LiteracyFrench 2.20LiteracyFrench,boys 2.21LiteracyFrench,girls Contents Chapter 3 Education 3.1Primarycompletionrate(MDG) 3.2Primarycompletionrate,boys 3.3Primarycompletionrate,girls 3.4Netenrolmentrateinsecondaryschool 3.5Netenrolmentrateinsecondaryschool,boys 3.6Netenrolmentrateinsecondaryschool,girls Contents 3.7Ratioofgirlstoboysinsecondaryeducation(MDG) 3.8Grossenrolmentinsecondaryschool 3.9Literacyrate15Ͳ24yearolds(MDG) 3.10Literacyrate,males15Ͳ24yearold Contents 3.11Literacyrate,females15Ͳ24yearolds 3.12Ratioofliteratefemalestomales,15Ͳ24yearold(MDG) 3.13Highestlevelofcompletededucation 3.14Currentlevelofenrolment 3.15Ageoffirstenrolmentinprimaryschool Contents 3.16Typeofschool 3.17Primarylanguageofeducationalinstruction 3.18Typeofschoolbuilding 3.19Numberofstudentsinclass 3.20Satisfactionwithphysicalstandardofschoolbuilding 3.21Satisfactionwithtextbooks 3.22Satisfactionwithteachingquality 3.23Satisfactionwithtreatmentinschool 3.24Satisfactionwitheducationaloutputfromschool 3.25Satisfactionwithvaluestaughtinschool 3.26SchoolInventory:Tablesandchairsforstudents 3.27SchoolInventory:Lavatories 3.28SchoolInventory:Electricity 3.29SchoolInventory:Drinkingwater 3.30SchoolInventory:Waterforwashing 3.31SchoolInventory:Library 3.32SchoolInventory:Playground 3.33SchoolInventory:Computers 3.34Accesstotextbooksneededinschool 3.35Schoolfeeding 3.36Teacher'spresencelastweek 3.37Teachersometimesawayformorethanaweek 3.38Substituteteacherwhenteacherisaway 3.39Feelingofsecuritywhenatschool 3.40Feelingofsecurityonthewaytoschool 3.41Importanceofeducation Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 5  Contents Chapter 4 Labour Force 4.1Workingagepopulation(15Ͳ64yearsold) 4.2Laborforceparticipationrate 4.3Laborforceparticipationrate,maleyouth 4.4Laborforceparticipationrate,femaleyouth 4.5Employmentbyindustry 4.6Employmentbyemployer 4.7Hoursworkedlastweek 4.8Unemployment(ILOdefinition) 4.9Unemployment(relaxeddefinition) 4.10Economicactivityofchildren 4.11Economicactivityofchildren,urban 4.12Economicactivityofchildren,rural 4.13Conductingdomestictasks 4.14Cooking 4.15Fetchingwater 4.16Collectingfirewood 4.17Careforchildren 4.18Hoursspentondomestictasksperweek 4.19Participationinincomegeneratingactivity 4.20Currentlyengagedinincomegeneratingactivity 4.21Contractforcurrentjob 4.22CurrentjobfulltimeorpartͲtime 4.23Currentjobpermanentortemporary 4.24Meansofobtainingjob Contents Chapter 5 Migration and relocation 5.1Evermovedfromplaceofbirth 5.2Numberoftimesmoved 5.3Regionoforiginforallmovesaftertheageof10 5.4Regionofdestinationforallmovesaftertheageof10 5.5Jobatoriginattimeofmove 5.6Jobavailableatdestinationattimeofmove 5.7Contactsatdestination 5.8Accompanyonmove 5.9Closestrelationshiptohouseholdmembersatdestination 5.10Invitedtomovetodestination Contents 5.11Mainactivityatdestination 5.12Mainreasonformoving 5.13Departureagedistributionsbygender,householdmembersmigratedduringlastthreeyears 5.14Orphanstatus,youthmigratedfromhousehold 5.15Parent'spresenceinhousehold 5.16Regionofdestination 5.17Destinationurbanorrural 5.18Contactsatdestinationpriortodeparture 5.19Accompanyontravel 5.20Stayingwithatdestination 5.21Mainreasonforleavinghousehold 5.22Employmentstatusatdestination 5.23Contactwithhousehold 5.24Frequencyofcontactwithhousehold 5.25Meansofcontactwithhousehold Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 5.26Remittancestohousehold 5.27Doesyouthplantoreturntothehousehold 6 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Contents Chapter 6 Security 6.1Trustinotherpeople 6.2Feelingofsafetyathome 6.3Feelingofsafetywhengoingtotheneighbours 6.4Feelingofsafetywhenvisitingpeoplewithintown/village 6.5Feelingofsafetywhengoingtothelocalmarket 6.6Feelingofsafetyifgoingtothenearestlargetown 6.7FeelingofsafetyifgoingtoPortͲauͲPrince 6.8Feelingofsecuritynowcomparedtooneyearago 6.9Prospectsforthefuture Contents Chapter 7 Household Economy 7.1Satisfactionwithcurrentfinancialsituation 7.2Financialsituation,pasttwoyears 7.3Resultofdeterioratedfinancialsituation 7.4Expectationsaboutfinancialsituation,next12months 7.5Currentleveloffoodconsumption 7.6Currentlevelofexpenditureonbasicnecessities 7.7Concernforaccesstofoodandbasicnecessities,next12months 7.8Accesstocredit 7.9Abilitytoraise2000HaitianGourdeswithinaweek 7.10Abilitytoraise500HaitianGourdeswithinaweek 7.11Monthlyincomepercapita 7.12Incomequintiles 7.13Foodexpenditures,lastsevendays 7.14NonͲfoodexpenditures,lastmonth 7.15Electricityexpenditures,lastthreemonths 7.16Waterexpenditures,lastthreemonths 7.17Annualhousingexpenditures 7.18Abilitytoaffordmedicaltreatment 7.19Abilitytoaffordtosendchildrentoschool 7.20Abilitytoaffordtobuynewratherthansecondhandclothes 7.21Abilitytoaffordtoeatmeat,chickenorfishatleast3timesperweek 7.22Abilitytoaffordtosupportotherfamilymembersinneedofhelp Contents Chapter 8 Dwelling and infrastructure 8.1Typeofdwelling 8.2Accesstoroad 8.3Typeoftenure 8.4Electricityinthevillage 8.5Electricityinthedwelling 8.6Sourceoflight 8.7Accesstoimprovedsanitation(MDG) 8.8Typeofsanitation 8.9Sharedorprivatesanitation 8.10Accesstoimprovedwatersource(MDG) 8.11Typeofmainwatersources 8.12Telephonelinesper100population(MDG) 8.13Cellularsubscribersper100population(MDG) 8.14Internetusersper100population(MDG) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 7  Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 8 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Acknowledgments Fafo takes this opportunity to express its gratitude to In spite of all contributions and support, it goes with- all those who have participated in the undertaking and out saying that any error or misunderstanding in this contributed to the success of the Haiti Youth Survey. report is the sole responsibility of Fafo. In particular, we are grateful to Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance (IHE) for conducting the field work for the December, 2009 survey with a high level of commitment and profes- Henriette Lunde sionalism. IHE’s team of almost 90 people was headed by General Director, Dr. Michel Cayemittes, assisted by technical coordinator Canez Alexandre, senior field coordinator Ferdinand Marseille and junior field coor- dinator Michaud Josue. We would also like to thank Institut Haïtien de Sta- tistique et d’Informatique (IHSI) for making available the sampling frame and maps, and for conducting the mapping and listing for the survey. A special thanks to Jean Claude Darang for coordinating the mapping and listing exercise. Several colleagues at Fafo have been involved in this project and given valuable contributions. The project manager is grateful to Tewodros Aragie Kebede, Kristin Dalen, Huafeng  Zhang, Anne Kielland, Liv Elin Tor- heim, Jon Pedersen, Anne Hatløy, Ingunn Bjørkhaug, Morten Bøås and Laura Mitchell for their assistance and support. Many thanks also to David Sachs for proofreading the report and to Agneta Kolstad at the Fafo publication department for work on the layout and for preparing the report for publication. Fafo also wishes to thank the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for generously funding the Haiti Youth Survey. A special thank to Tone Faret, Counselor for the Ministry at the time of the survey, for assistance in the process of planning and implementing the dif- ferent phases of the project. Last, but not least, we wish to thank the Haitian people for their kind cooperation in responding to our questionnaires. It is our hope that the result of the survey will inspire national planners and international donors to meet your expectations for the future. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 9  Abbreviations and Acronyms ECVH Enquête sur les Conditions de vie en Haïti HLCS Haiti Living Condition Survey HTG Haitian Gourde HYS Haiti Youth Survey IDEJEN Initiative Pour le Développement des Jeunes IHE Institut Haïtien de l'Enfance IHSI Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d'Informatique ILO International Labour Organization MDG Millennium Development Goal PPS Probability Proportionate to Size PSU Primary Sampling Unit RSY Randomly Selected Youth UNDP United Nations Development Programme USD United States Dollar Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 10 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Introduction Fafo is a Norwegian social science research institute main focus of the report is, however, the specific situa- involved in large-scale household surveys worldwide. tion of Haitian youth from 10 to 24 years of age. Since 1997, Fafo has been active in Haiti, and in 2001 An analytical report examining the data and trends implemented Haiti’s first living conditions survey, En- more in depth is soon to follow in both English and quête sur les Conditions de Vie en Haiti (ECVH), in French. The Haiti Youth Survey is a part of the Haiti collaboration with the Haitian national bureau of sta- Youth Project, which also includes three qualitative tistics, Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d’Informatique field studies that were conducted prior to the survey, (IHSI) and the UNDP. and that helped inform the development of the ques- The Haiti Youth Survey presented in this report tionnaires used in the survey. The thematic focuses of was conducted from February to April, 2009, and is the qualitative studies were youth and education, youth a follow up to the ECVH 2001 with a special focus and migration, and youth and involvement in armed on youth. In the eight years between the two surveys, groups. The results from the qualitative studies are Haiti has experienced a period of political instability, presented in individual reports. violence and social unrest, followed by a period of sta- bilization and extensive international presence. The Haiti Youth Survey includes a number of the same indicators as were used in the ECVH 2001, and will The tables therefore contribute to assessing the degree to which the situation for Haitian youth has improved, stag- The tables in this report follow a format where the nated or become worse in key sectors such as education main variable to be presented is shown at the top of and labour participation. The survey was a collabora- the table, while the background variables are presented tive effort of Fafo and the Haitian research institute in the rows. Percentages are based on the row totals. Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance (IHE). IHE conducted Some percentages add up to more than 100 percent. the fieldwork, while project development, analysis This occurs when multiple answers are possible for an and reporting of the results were carried out by Fafo. indicator. This is then noted in the footnote. Non- The survey was financed by the Norwegian Ministry response for particular questions is generally negligible, of Foreign Affairs. but leads to absolute row totals which vary across tables. A total of 1,966 households were visited during If there are no positive responses for a category, this is the survey and information was collected on 9,006 indicated in the tables with a hyphen. In the instances individuals. Out of these, 3,044 were 10 to 24 years where positive responses are recorded but not enough old, and for the purposes of this project defined as to total 1 percent, this is recorded as 0 percent. youth. Additional information was obtained for 1,345 All the reported results are weighted based on the randomly selected youth. Basic data was also collected design of the sample survey as discussed in the Tech- on 294 youth with current age between 10 and 24 who nical Appendix. In the report, both weighted and un- had left the household within the last three years. weighted (“sample size”) results are reported. Generally, This report presents a set of tables containing main the next to the last column in the tables provides the findings from the survey. Selected indicators used for estimated total number in the population in thousands assessing some of the Millennium Development Goals either as number of persons or number of households. (MDGs) for Haiti are also presented in the report. The The last column reports the actual sample size. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 11  The tables in this report are based on several differ- by the international community. For example, employ- ent sample selections, the most common being all ment indicators use standards laid down by ILO, and households (often represented by household heads), education is measured using indicators promoted by all household members, all youth and all randomly UNESCO. In the introduction to each chapter in the selected youth. It should be noted that for the first report definitions are given when needed. set of tables in the migration chapter the sample unit is number of moves and not number of persons. The sample selection is specified in a footnote under each table. Some of the tables are describing phenomenon Technical aspects of the survey of relatively low occurrence, as youth employment and youth migration, resulting in a relatively small sample This section provides a brief overview of the technical size. However, due to the relevance of the indicators aspect of the survey. More detailed information can be and the lack of existing data the decision was made to found in the technical appendix to the report include these tables in the report. There are two main questionnaires used in the sur- The general background variables applied in the tables vey. The household questionnaire contains three rosters, are the following: and a set of questions for the household as reporting The urban-rural classification follows the 2003 census unit. A household roster collects basic information in Haiti. about all household members, while a youth roster collects more detailed information on household mem- Gender: is reported for the individual in question, bers aged 10 to 24 on topics such as education and or for the head of households when reporting on a labour participation. In addition a roster for youth household level variable. who had left the household within the last three years The income quintiles are based on current monthly prior to the survey is included. The household ques- per capita household income as reported by household tionnaire also contains questions on household level respondents. Per capita household income is calculated on topics such as household economy, dwelling and by dividing the total monthly household income by infrastructure. the number of persons in the household. Based on this, The randomly selected youth questionnaire was re- households are grouped into income quintiles. sponded by a youth member in each surveyed house- The regions are defined as follows: hold with member in the age 10 to 24. The youth Metropolitan: Metropolitan communes in Départe- respondent was randomly selected among eligible ment de l’Ouest. household members through a pre-printed kish-table West: All communes in Département du Sud-Est and on the front page of the household questionnaire. The Département de l’Ouest, except the metropolitans. randomly selected youth questionnaire covers ques- North: Département du Nord-Est and Département tions that need to be answered by the individual in du Nord. question on the same topics addressed in the household questionnaire, in addition to include questions on South: Département de la Grand’Anse, Département relocation, security and trust. des Nippes and Département du Sud. The survey had a stratified two-stage cluster sam- Transversale: Département de l’Artibonite, Départe- pling design where stratification was done by region. ment du Centre and Département du Nord-Ouest. The sampling frame was obtained from the Haitian In addition various background variables are applied national bureau of statistics, IHSI, and is based on when they are relevant to the main variable present- their 2003 census. The national sample was stratified ed. into five reporting domains: the Metropolitan, West (excluding Metropolitan), North, South and Trans- To the extent possible, the indicators in the tables are versal regions. In each region 20 primary sampling constructed using the standard definitions as defined units (PSUs) or clusters were selected, except in the Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 12 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Metropolitan region where 40 clusters were selected training of coordinators, administrative and data entry due to the relative higher population size. At the first staff was carried out by IHE in early February, 2009. stage of the sampling, the 120 clusters were selected The mappers and listers were recruited from IHSI based on a probability proportionate to the number and all had previous experience and training. They of households in each cluster (PPS). received a two days additional training for the Haiti Prior to the second stage of sampling, each selected Youth Survey, arranged by IHE and IHSI staff with cluster was mapped and all households were listed. input from Fafo. From the updated lists, 17 households were randomly A total of 48 interviewers were trained for the chosen in each cluster. In each reporting domain, 340 Haiti Youth Survey. Out of these 40 participated in households were selected for interview, except in the the survey. The interviewers were recruited from IHE Metropolitan region where 680 households were se- and Initiative Pour le Développement des Jeunes (IDE- lected. The sample thus consisted of 2,040 households. JEN). All the interviewers had previous experience Two of the clusters selected in the sample could not with carrying out household surveys, and underwent 9 be reached during the survey period. The first cluster days of specific training for the Haiti Youth Survey be- was located on Ile de La Tortue, an island belonging tween February 12 and February 28, 2009, conducted to the northern region. Several attempts were made in cooperation between Fafo and IHE. The training at reaching the island, but due to prolonged difficult included one day of testing questionnaires, manuals weather conditions the cluster was dropped from the and various forms in the classroom and one day of field sample. The other selected cluster that was excluded practice. Based on the field practice and the classroom was located on Les Iles Cayemites, a group of islands test, the supervisors graded the interviewers that were belonging to the southern region. Political instability designated to their group on a scale from 1 to 6 based and hostility experienced by the team of mappers and on 7 criteria evaluating their interviewing skills. The listers discouraged sending a team of interviewers. highest possible score was 42, and interviewers scoring Due to these conditions, a total of 118 clusters were less than 30 were excluded from the survey. The super- visited and a total of 2,006 households were retained visors for the survey were all IHE staff, with extensive for the survey. Among these, 1966 interviews were experience in supervising household surveys. The ten completed yielding a 98 percent response rate. A total supervisors selected for the survey participated during of 1,416 of the visited households were eligible for the the entire interviewer training session, in addition to youth questionnaire by the criteria of having at least having two separate days of supervisor training one youth aged 10 to 24 years among its members, and The final field staff consisted of 10 teams, each with a total of 1,345 randomly selected youth completed the four interviewers and one supervisor. Two coordina- interview. The response rate for the youth question- tors from IHE and the project manager from Fafo also naire was 95 percent among eligible households. participated during the full period of fieldwork. The high response rate of the survey was ensured The mapping and listing started on February 26 in the by repeated re-visits to households where an able re- metropolitan region and lasted for 5 weeks. The map- spondent was reported to be temporarily absent. The ping and listing were done close in time prior to the survey covered a total sample population of 9,006 interviews to ensure accuracy of the household listing. individuals. The interviewing started in the Metropolitan region on March 18, and was completed in the Département du Sud-Est and Département de l’Ouest on April 17, 2009. Training and field work A number of quality checks were carried out during the fieldwork. Completed questionnaires were inspect- About 100 people were employed during the survey ed by the supervisors in each cluster so that any errors period, as mappers, listers, interviewers, supervisors, or inconsistencies could be corrected before departure coordinators, administrators and data entry staff. The from the cluster. A large part of the questionnaires were Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 13  also checked by coordinators in field, before being sent is relatively small. Tables on participation in domestic to the IHE office in Port-au-Prince. Data controllers tasks are also included in the labour force chapter. at IHE re-checked the questionnaires before sending Chapter 5 presents tables on migration and reloca- them to data entry. Data entry was carried out imme- tion. This data is derived from two sources. For the diately, and questionnaires that could not be accepted randomly selected youth, all relocation for a period of were returned to the interviewers for correction and more than three months has been recorded from birth re-visits to the households. To minimize the risk of data until the date of the interview. In this report, tables entry errors, every questionnaire was entered twice and describing characteristics of moves conducted after the controlled for consistency. age of ten are presented. The second source of data is The data was entered in Epi Info and transferred to information supplied by the main respondent in the SPSS before being sent to Fafo. The data cleaning household regarding youth who have left the household and all the tabulations presented in this report were within the last three years, and who are not reported conducted by Fafo. as household members. The relocated youth who are currently between 10 and 24 years old are included in the sample. Chapter 6 presents tables from the randomly se- The contents of the report lected youth sample concerning how the youth assess their level of security today, as well as compared to one Chapter 1 presents basic characteristics of the total year ago. The chapter also looks at the youth’s level of population, such as demographic distribution, depend- trust towards other people. The two remaining chap- ency ratios and literacy rates. ters describe characteristics of the household. Chapter 2 presents basic characteristics of the youth Chapter 7 presents the household economy in terms population (10-24) such as the number of orphans, pa- of income and expenditure, as well as more subjective rental presence in the household and level of literacy. measures detailing the extent to which households are Chapter 3 describes the education situation for able to satisfy household members’ needs. Data is also Haitian youth. The chapter includes tables generated included on the households’ financial prospects. from the total youth sample tracking general indica- The last chapter presents the physical infrastructure tors such as enrolment rates, literacy rates and school of the households in terms of, for example, access to expenditures. It also includes tables generated from improved water and sanitation. the randomly selected youth sample following more subjective indicators such as how satisfied the youth are with their current school situation, presence of teachers in class and importance of education. Chapter 4 presents the labour force situation for the youth population. As in the education chapter, the data on labour force participation are derived both from the total youth sample and from the randomly selected youth sample. General indicators, such as labour force participation rates and unemployment rates, are pre- sented in tables and are calculated according to ILO standards. The tables reporting from the randomly selected youth sample are based on the respondents defining themselves as participants or non-participants in income generating activity. Due to the high level of youth unemployment, the sample of individually selected youth engaged in income generating activity Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 14 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Chapter 1 Population Main findings: The Haitian population is young, with 36 percent Almost half of the population, 47 percent, above 15 of the population younger than 15 years of age. The years of age, is reported to be literate in either French young population is creating a high dependency burden or Haitian Creole. If we include the part of the popula- on the working age (15-64) population. The consider- tion which is recorded as partly literate, the national able differences exhibited by the dependency burden literacy rate increases to 65 percent. One-third of the in the urban and rural areas, indicate that people tend adult population is illiterate. More men than women to leave the rural areas to search for work in the cities are able to read and write, but the gender difference is when they reach a certain age. The Metropolitan area steadily decreasing with age and for the youth there is has by far the lowest dependency ratio (43), which no gender gap in literacy rates. means that there are four children and/or elderly per Among the urban and rural population, however, ten working age adults. The Transversale region finds there is a considerable gap in literacy. While almost itself at the other end of the scale with more than nine two-thirds of the urban population is literate, only dependents per ten people in working age. one-third of the rural population is able to read and Female-headed households are common, and in write easily. If we relax the definition to include the total they make up 42 percent of Haitian households, partly literate, 82 percent of the urban and 54 percent with a higher frequency in the rural than in the urban of the rural population are literate. Household per areas. However, importantly, even though the head of capita income has a strong effect on literacy level, with the household is reported as female, it is not necessarily wealthier households having more literate members. As the case that there is no male spouse in the household. is to be expected from the very low education level in Almost one-third of the female household heads have the region, Transversale has considerably lower literacy a husband (maryaj or place) living in the household. rates than the rest of Haiti. The likelihood of a female head of household having a spouse is higher in the rural areas and among the youngest women. In the population above 15 years of age, one-in-three Definitions: has never attended school and more than half have not completed primary education. Nationally, on average, The dependency ratio is the number of persons aged 46 percent of men and 39 percent of women above the 0-14, plus the number of persons aged 65 and above, age of 15 have completed all six years of primary educa- divided by the number of people aged 15-64. The tion. The main education gap is between the urban and dependency ratio measures the size of the population the rural areas where 64 and 30 percent, respectively, outside of what is defined as working age proportionate have completed primary education. The level of edu- to the size of the working age population. cation is lowest in Transversale region where only 19 The child dependency ratio is the number of persons percent have completed primary education. aged 0-14, divided by the number of persons aged Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 15  15–64. The child dependency ratio measures the size of tion which lasts for nine years. Fundamental education the population that is younger than 15 proportionate is composed of three cycles of three years each. The to the size of the working age population. first two cycles constitute primary (basic) education, Marital status is recorded as single, married (mar- and the third one corresponds to the first cycle of the yaj), married (place), vivavèk, widowed, divorced or traditional secondary level. In order to facilitate com- separated. Maryaj implies that the couple has gone parisons with both systems, this report divides the first through a formal wedding ceremony, while place more nine years of the education level variable into cycles of closely corresponds to a common-law relationship. six and three years respectively. Both categories describe recognized forms of marriage. Main occupation refers to the household members’ Vivavèk describes a relationship, which is relatively less answer to the question of their main occupation. It stable and less binding than a marriage, and, contrary to reflects the response to a single question, in contrast what the name indicates, does not involve the partners to the employment status variable in the Labour Force living together. The vivavèk status does not exclude chapter, which is constructed based on a set of indica- other coexisting partnerships for one or both parties, tors with reference to ILO standard measurements. often the male. The main occupation variable indicates how household In the Haiti Youth Survey, gender of the household members subjectively view their own employment sta- head is recorded as it is ascribed by the household itself. tus, and should not be used in comparisons with the A spouse is defined as a person with whom the head of employment data based on standard definitions. household is married (maryaj or place). Literacy is defined as the ability to engage in every- day activities like reading a newspaper or writing a let- ter. A distinction is made between people who report that they can read and write easily (literate), read and write with difficulties (partly literate), or do not read and write (illiterate). Both French and Haitian Creole are spoken and written in Haiti, French as the official language and Creole as the more commonly used eve- ryday language. A person who is able to easily write one or both of the two languages is defined as literate. A person who reads easily but writes with difficulties is defined as partly literate. Only very few persons have reported that they write easily but read with difficulties. They are in this survey reported as literate. Highest completed education refers to the educa- tion system most commonly used in Haiti, not to the reformed system introduced in the 1997 education reform, and only partially implemented. In the tradi- tional education system, primary education lasts for six years. Secondary education lasts for seven years and is divided into two cycles of three and four years respec- tively. Rheto is a certificate awarded after succeeding in the state examination at the end of the third year of the second cycle. Philo is a state diploma awarded at the end of the fourth year marking the end of the secondary level. In the reformed educational system, primary education is replaced by fundamental educa- Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 16 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1.1 Population distribution by age and gender Gender Male Female Total Estimated population Percent Percent Total ('000) Sample size Age 0-4 6,0 5,4 11,5 956 943 5-9 6,4 6,6 13,0 1085 1110 10-14 6,2 5,6 11,8 984 1062 15-19 5,5 6,1 11,7 972 1076 20-24 4,5 5,0 9,5 791 901 25-29 3,7 4,7 8,4 701 769 30-34 3,0 3,4 6,5 539 591 35-39 2,4 3,0 5,4 448 503 40-44 2,2 2,4 4,5 378 423 45-49 2,1 2,2 4,3 363 409 50-54 1,9 1,9 3,8 314 352 55-59 1,5 1,4 2,8 237 258 60-64 1,1 1,2 2,3 196 197 65-69 ,8 ,7 1,5 125 128 70-74 ,6 ,8 1,4 113 109 75-79 ,2 ,4 ,6 52 62 80-85 ,2 ,4 ,6 51 50 85-90 ,1 ,2 ,3 27 30 90-95 ,0 ,0 ,1 6 8 95+ ,0 ,1 ,1 7 6 Total 48,5 51,5 100,0 8345 8987 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 17  1.2 Nationality and birth certificate Birth certificate Yes, Yes, Yes, Haitian Dominican other No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 93 1 0 6 100 8 362 8 993 Area Urban 97 0 0 2 100 3 030 4 090 Rural 90 1 0 8 100 5 333 4 903 Gender Male 94 1 0 6 100 4 043 4 365 Female 92 1 0 6 100 4 294 4 614 Age 0-4 81 3 0 16 100 956 942 5-9 94 1 0 5 100 1 086 1 111 10-14 96 1 - 3 100 984 1 062 15-19 98 0 - 1 100 979 1 079 20-24 98 0 0 2 100 793 902 25-29 98 0 - 2 100 705 771 30-34 96 0 0 3 100 539 591 35-39 95 1 1 4 100 448 503 40-44 93 1 - 6 100 380 422 45-49 90 1 0 9 100 360 407 50-54 91 1 - 9 100 314 352 55-59 90 1 - 9 100 236 257 60-64 85 6 1 9 100 198 198 65+ 80 2 0 18 100 380 391 Per capita Lowest income 90 2 0 8 100 1 897 1 907 household income, Low income 90 1 0 8 100 1 831 1 834 quintiles Medium income 92 1 0 7 100 1 777 1 798 High income 96 1 0 4 100 1 656 1 885 Highest income 98 0 0 1 100 1 203 1 569 Region Metropolitan area 98 0 0 2 100 1 909 2 911 West 95 0 0 5 100 1 666 1 494 North 95 1 0 4 100 1 130 1 600 South 93 1 - 6 100 1 248 1 555 Transversale 87 2 0 11 100 2 411 1 433 n=Total population. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 18 – Fafo-report 2009:53  1.3 Place of birth Place of birth Other Other commune In this household in in this Other household this commune department department Abroad Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 39 37 10 13 0 100 8 365 8 996 Area Urban 24 30 16 29 0 100 3 032 4 091 Rural 48 41 7 4 0 100 5 333 4 905 Gender Male 42 37 10 11 0 100 4 042 4 363 Female 37 38 11 15 0 100 4 298 4 619 Age 0-4 78 14 3 3 1 100 956 942 5-9 66 23 5 5 1 100 1 086 1 111 10-14 59 26 7 7 1 100 984 1 062 15-19 50 31 7 11 0 100 979 1 079 20-24 37 36 9 18 0 100 793 902 25-29 20 44 16 20 - 100 704 770 30-34 14 51 16 19 0 100 540 591 35-39 11 53 16 20 0 100 448 503 40-44 7 55 15 23 - 100 380 423 45-49 9 53 17 21 - 100 363 409 50-54 10 54 17 19 - 100 314 352 55-59 11 55 17 17 - 100 237 258 60-64 10 60 16 15 - 100 197 197 65+ 10 62 15 12 1 100 381 392 Per capita household Lowest income 46 37 8 8 1 100 1 898 1 909 income, quintiles Low income 44 39 9 8 0 100 1 834 1 836 Medium income 40 39 10 11 0 100 1 776 1 797 High income 38 35 10 17 0 100 1 655 1 884 Highest income 21 34 16 28 0 100 1 203 1 570 Region Metropolitan area 23 23 12 42 0 100 1 909 2 911 West 41 43 9 7 0 100 1 666 1 494 North 42 34 20 3 1 100 1 131 1 602 South 42 43 10 5 0 100 1 249 1 556 Transversale 48 43 6 3 0 100 2 410 1 433 n=Total population. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 19 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 19 3  1.4 Religious affilitation Religion Other Non- Catholic Protestant Baptist Christian Vodoo religious Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 50 27 10 7 2 5 100 8 356 8 980 Area Urban 52 21 10 9 2 6 100 3 027 4 078 Rural 48 31 10 5 1 5 100 5 330 4 902 Gender Male 52 24 9 7 2 7 100 4 040 4 357 Female 48 30 11 6 1 3 100 4 292 4 609 Age 0-4 45 32 9 7 1 7 100 952 937 5-9 50 29 12 4 1 4 100 1 085 1 110 10-14 50 29 10 6 1 3 100 984 1 060 15-19 48 28 12 8 1 4 100 978 1 075 20-24 45 27 11 8 2 7 100 790 897 25-29 51 25 9 6 3 6 100 705 770 30-34 48 27 9 8 1 6 100 540 591 35-39 56 23 9 6 2 3 100 447 502 40-44 50 24 10 9 3 4 100 380 423 45-49 49 26 11 7 2 5 100 363 409 50-54 52 22 11 8 2 5 100 314 352 55-59 55 26 10 5 0 4 100 237 258 60-64 52 25 6 5 5 6 100 198 198 65+ 58 25 7 4 1 4 100 382 393 Per capita household Lowest income 48 30 11 6 0 4 100 1 893 1 905 income, quintiles Low income 52 29 8 5 2 4 100 1 831 1 827 Medium income 48 29 8 6 2 7 100 1 775 1 796 High income 50 25 12 8 1 4 100 1 656 1 885 Highest income 48 21 12 10 3 6 100 1 202 1 567 Region Metropolitan area 52 23 7 10 2 6 100 1 905 2 899 West 47 37 6 3 1 6 100 1 665 1 493 North 58 9 19 13 0 2 100 1 131 1 601 South 60 26 6 5 0 3 100 1 249 1 556 Transversale 40 34 13 4 3 6 100 2 408 1 431 n=Total population. 4 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 20 – Fafo-report 2009:53  1.5 Marital status Marital status Single, never Married Married married (maryaj) (place) Vivavek Widowed Divorced Separated Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 36 20 26 7 6 0 5 100 5 338 5 878 Area Urban 41 17 23 8 5 0 5 100 2 118 2 878 Rural 33 21 28 6 7 0 4 100 3 219 3 000 Gender Male 41 20 27 6 3 0 3 100 2 494 2 752 Female 32 19 26 8 9 0 6 100 2 824 3 116 Age 15-19 94 0 3 3 0 - 0 100 979 1 078 20-24 67 3 17 11 - - 1 100 793 902 25-29 42 14 28 13 1 - 3 100 705 771 30-34 15 28 39 11 2 - 4 100 541 592 35-39 7 32 44 9 1 0 7 100 448 503 40-44 6 36 38 6 4 0 9 100 379 422 45-49 4 32 42 5 6 1 11 100 363 409 50-54 5 40 35 3 8 1 9 100 314 352 55-59 3 37 35 1 14 0 10 100 237 258 60-64 2 29 30 5 25 0 9 100 198 198 65+ 2 26 21 1 43 - 7 100 382 393 Per capita Lowest income 34 21 28 6 7 0 4 100 1 088 1 119 household income, Low income 35 21 25 7 7 0 5 100 1 079 1 096 quintiles Medium income 38 17 30 6 6 - 4 100 1 133 1 174 High income 37 17 28 8 6 0 5 100 1 090 1 264 Highest income 37 23 19 9 5 0 6 100 948 1 225 Region Metropolitan area 43 16 24 8 4 0 5 100 1 377 2 086 West 37 19 26 7 6 0 5 100 1 065 957 North 37 23 22 7 8 - 3 100 716 994 South 37 16 26 9 6 0 5 100 799 1 011 Transversale 28 25 31 5 7 0 5 100 1 380 830 n=All population 15 and older. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 21 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 21 5  1.6 Marital status, men Marital status Single, never Married Married married (maryaj) (place) Vivavek Widowed Divorced Separated Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 22 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 41 20 27 6 3 0 3 100 2 494 2 752 Area Urban 45 19 24 7 2 0 3 100 928 1 283 Rural 39 21 29 5 3 0 4 100 1 566 1 469 Age 15-19 98 - 1 1 - - - 100 462 514 20-24 80 1 10 9 - - 0 100 377 422 25-29 54 9 24 11 0 - 1 100 311 355 30-34 18 28 40 9 1 - 4 100 252 276 35-39 7 37 44 8 1 0 3 100 199 222 40-44 8 38 44 5 0 - 5 100 181 202 45-49 4 34 46 5 2 0 9 100 175 189 50-54 6 37 41 2 4 1 9 100 154 170 55-59 3 44 41 2 5 - 6 100 122 129 60-64 3 35 41 6 7 - 9 100 92 98 65+ 3 34 33 3 23 - 4 100 169 175 Per capita household Lowest income 40 22 30 4 2 - 2 100 495 511 income, quintiles Low income 43 22 26 4 2 0 3 100 483 509 Medium income 42 17 30 5 2 - 3 100 551 570 High income 41 18 30 6 3 - 2 100 494 563 Highest income 39 23 19 9 3 0 6 100 471 599 Region Metropolitan area 46 17 25 6 2 0 3 100 609 940 West 41 19 27 7 1 0 5 100 499 451 North 44 24 23 5 4 - 1 100 321 448 South 46 15 25 8 4 - 2 100 412 522 Transversale 32 26 32 3 3 - 4 100 652 391 n=All male population 15 and older. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 22 – Fafo-report 2009:53 6  1.7 Marital status, women Marital status Single, never Married Married married (maryaj) (place) Vivavek Widowed Divorced Separated Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 32 19 26 8 9 0 6 100 2 824 3 116 Area Urban 38 16 22 9 7 1 8 100 1 173 1 587 Rural 27 21 28 7 11 0 5 100 1 651 1 529 Age 15-19 90 1 5 4 0 - 0 100 509 560 20-24 56 5 24 12 - - 2 100 414 479 25-29 32 19 31 13 1 - 5 100 390 414 30-34 12 28 38 13 4 - 5 100 288 315 35-39 7 28 43 10 2 0 10 100 249 281 40-44 5 34 33 7 8 1 13 100 196 219 45-49 3 30 38 5 9 2 13 100 188 220 50-54 3 42 30 4 11 1 9 100 159 182 55-59 3 29 29 1 24 0 15 100 115 129 60-64 2 24 20 4 38 0 10 100 104 99 65+ 2 20 11 - 58 - 9 100 213 218 Per capita household Lowest income 29 20 26 8 10 0 6 100 592 607 income, quintiles Low income 28 20 24 10 12 0 6 100 596 587 Medium income 33 17 30 6 9 - 6 100 579 602 High income 34 16 27 9 8 0 7 100 595 700 Highest income 35 24 20 6 7 0 7 100 462 620 Region Metropolitan area 40 15 24 8 5 0 7 100 753 1 139 West 33 18 25 7 11 - 6 100 566 506 North 32 23 21 9 11 - 5 100 395 546 South 28 16 28 10 9 0 8 100 386 488 Transversale 24 24 29 6 11 0 6 100 725 437 n=All female population 15 and older. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 23 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 23 7  1.8 Age of household head Age of household head 15-29 30-44 45-59 60+ Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 15 35 30 20 100 1 826 1 964 Area Urban 17 40 29 13 100 695 937 Rural 13 32 30 24 100 1 131 1 027 Gender of Male 13 36 33 17 100 1 060 1 133 household head Female 17 34 25 24 100 762 829 Literacy French or Literate 24 44 25 7 100 637 754 Creole Partly literate 18 45 26 11 100 320 345 Illiterate 7 25 34 34 100 862 857 Highest level No formal education 5 25 35 35 100 816 803 completed of Incomplete primary 18 40 31 11 100 399 417 household head Primary 19 32 36 13 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 30 46 16 7 100 169 200 Rheto 31 51 15 4 100 187 215 Philo/University 17 59 21 3 100 87 120 Vocational training 40 42 18 - 100 19 26 Per capita Lowest income 12 38 27 23 100 369 373 household income, Low income 15 30 30 25 100 361 350 quintiles Medium income 13 34 34 19 100 365 374 High income 19 34 30 17 100 377 422 Highest income 15 41 27 17 100 354 445 Region Metropolitan area 18 43 30 9 100 446 675 West 17 33 30 20 100 369 330 North 12 36 27 26 100 234 331 South 11 29 36 24 100 254 315 Transversale 14 34 27 25 100 523 313 n=All households Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 24 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1.9 Gender of household head Gender of household head Male Female Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 58 42 100 1 824 1 964 Area Urban 54 46 100 694 938 Rural 61 39 100 1 130 1 026 Age of household 15-19 52 48 100 13 13 head 20-24 51 49 100 102 99 25-29 53 47 100 156 161 30-34 59 41 100 218 230 35-39 59 41 100 217 246 40-44 61 39 100 208 234 45-49 66 34 100 214 240 50-54 64 36 100 177 204 55-59 63 37 100 149 164 60-64 53 47 100 123 121 65+ 49 51 100 244 250 Highest level No formal education 49 51 100 813 802 completed of Incomplete primary 63 37 100 398 416 household head Primary 67 33 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 65 35 100 169 200 Rheto 64 36 100 188 216 Philo/University 75 25 100 87 120 Vocational training 72 28 100 20 27 Per capita Lowest income 53 47 100 369 373 household income, Low income 55 45 100 361 350 quintiles Medium income 61 39 100 364 374 High income 56 44 100 378 423 Highest income 66 34 100 352 444 Region Metropolitan area 56 44 100 445 676 West 53 47 100 369 330 North 59 41 100 234 331 South 62 38 100 254 315 Transversale 62 38 100 521 312 n=All households Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 25  1.10 Spouse in household for female headed households Female household head Without With spouse in spouse in household household Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 69 31 100 762 829 Area Urban 75 25 100 318 423 Rural 65 35 100 445 406 Age of household 15-19 58 42 100 6 7 head 20-24 55 45 100 50 51 25-29 54 46 100 74 75 30-34 57 43 100 90 91 35-39 65 35 100 88 94 40-44 63 37 100 81 94 45-49 73 27 100 73 91 50-54 73 27 100 63 80 55-59 83 17 100 56 65 60-64 77 23 100 58 54 65+ 87 13 100 124 127 Highest level No formal education 70 30 100 413 414 completed of Incomplete primary 63 37 100 148 165 household head Primary 72 28 100 43 56 1st cycle secondary 70 30 100 59 70 Rheto 74 26 100 67 77 Philo/University 71 29 100 22 33 Vocational training 66 34 100 6 9 Per capita Lowest income 64 36 100 173 180 household income, Low income 72 28 100 162 154 quintiles Medium income 67 33 100 143 152 High income 69 31 100 166 191 Highest income 77 23 100 118 152 Region Metropolitan area 76 24 100 195 298 West 67 33 100 174 155 North 70 30 100 97 136 South 73 27 100 97 121 Transversale 62 38 100 201 119 n=All female head of household. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 26 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1.11 Size of household 1.10 Spouse in household for female headed households Household size 1-3 4-6 7+ Female household head Total Population Without Total With ('000) Sample size spouse in spouse in Total 35 45 19 100 1 827 1 966 household household Total Area Urban 39 45 17 100 696 939 Population Rural 34 46 21 100 1 131Total ('000) 1 027 Sample size Total 69 31 100 762 829 Gender of Male 34 44 22 100 1 061 1 135 Area household head Urban 75 25 100 318 423 Female 38 46 16 100 762 829 Rural 65 35 100 445 406 Age of household 15-19 70 30 - 100 13 13 Age of household 15-19 58 42 100 6 7 head 20-24 53 45 2 100 102 99 head 20-24 55 45 100 50 51 25-29 25-29 48 45 7 54 100 46 156 100 16174 75 30-34 30-34 34 48 1857 100 43 218 100 23090 91 35-39 35-39 30 52 1865 100 35 217 100 24688 94 40-44 40-44 22 58 2063 100 37 210 100 23581 94 45-49 45-49 24 46 3073 100 27 214 100 24073 91 50-54 50-54 27 43 3073 100 27 177 100 20463 80 55-59 55-59 35 39 2583 100 17 149 100 16456 65 60-64 60-64 33 40 2777 100 23 126 100 12258 54 65+ 65+ 54 34 1287 100 13 244 100 124 250 127 Highest level No formal education 70 30 100 413 414 Highest level No formal education 37 43 20 100 816 803 completed of Incomplete primary 63 37 100 148 165 completed of Incomplete primary 30 48 22 100 399 417 household head household head Primary 72 28 100 43 56 Primary 27 51 22 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 70 30 100 59 70 1st cycle secondary 31 53 17 100 169 200 Rheto 74 26 100 67 77 Rheto 44 42 14 100 188 216 Philo/University 71 29 100 22 33 Philo/University 43 Vocational training 43 1466 100 34 87 100 120 6 9 Vocational training Per capita 63 Lowest income 30 8 64 100 36 20 100 27 173 180 Per capita household income, Lowest income Low income 28 47 2572 100 28 369 100 373 162 154 quintiles household income, Low income Medium income 25 48 2767 100 33 361 100 350 143 152 quintiles Medium income High income31 50 1969 100 31 366 100 375 166 191 High income Highest income 36 49 1577 100 23 378 100 118 423 152 Region Highest income Metropolitan58 area 32 1076 100 24 354 100 195 445 298 Region Metropolitan West area 39 46 1467 100 33 448 100 174 677 155 North West 36 46 1770 100 30 369 100 33097 136 South 73 27 100 97 121 North 33 44 23 100 234 331 Transversale 62 38 100 201 119 South 29 47 24 100 254 315 n=All female head of household. Transversale 36 43 21 100 523 313 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 27 10  1.12 Dependency ratios Dependency Child dependency ratio ratio Total 68,83 61,13 Area Urban 50,06 45,29 Rural 81,76 72,04 Region Metropolitan 43,08 39,96 area West 69,85 61,26 North 73,72 63,59 South 68,74 60,78 Transversale 93,08 82,59 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 28 – Fafo-report 2009:53 12  1.13 Highest completed education, 15 and older Highest level completed No formal Incomplete 1st cycle Vocational education primary Primary secondary Rheto Philo University training Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 32 26 8 15 13 2 3 1 100 5 299 5 819 Area Urban 17 20 8 20 22 5 7 2 100 2 091 2 831 Rural 41 29 7 12 8 1 1 1 100 3 208 2 988 Gender Male 27 27 8 16 14 3 4 1 100 2 467 2 712 Female 36 24 7 14 12 2 3 1 100 2 812 3 097 Age 15-19 7 48 11 26 8 0 0 0 100 979 1 078 20-24 10 22 8 29 24 4 4 1 100 793 901 25-29 17 23 7 16 22 5 7 3 100 700 764 30-34 24 18 8 13 22 5 8 2 100 539 590 35-39 33 24 8 10 17 3 3 2 100 438 490 40-44 44 23 6 9 9 2 5 1 100 375 414 45-49 56 19 10 6 6 1 2 1 100 360 404 50-54 56 23 7 3 7 1 3 0 100 308 345 55-59 63 25 6 2 3 1 1 - 100 234 253 60-64 79 12 3 4 2 - 0 - 100 194 193 65+ 81 10 4 3 1 - 1 0 100 379 387 Per capita Lowest income 44 29 6 12 7 0 1 0 100 1 077 1 106 household income, Low income 37 31 7 13 9 1 1 0 100 1 071 1 087 quintiles Medium income 32 27 9 15 12 2 2 1 100 1 125 1 162 High income 25 24 8 18 17 3 4 1 100 1 083 1 251 Highest income 19 15 7 17 23 5 11 3 100 942 1 213 Region Metropolitan area 15 18 7 21 23 5 7 2 100 1 352 2 041 West 31 23 8 17 15 2 3 2 100 1 061 952 North 36 23 7 14 13 3 2 1 100 714 990 South 29 32 9 14 11 1 4 1 100 798 1 009 Transversale 48 32 7 8 4 0 0 - 100 1 375 827 n=All population 15 and older Fafo-report 2009:53 – 29 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 29 13  1.14 Highest completed education, men 15 and older Highest level completed No formal Incomplete 1st cycle Vocational education primary Primary secondary Rheto Philo University training Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 27 27 8 16 14 3 4 1 100 2 467 2 712 30 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total Area Urban 12 18 8 20 25 5 9 2 100 910 1 251 Rural 35 32 8 13 8 1 1 1 100 1 558 1 461 Age 15-19 6 52 10 24 8 - 0 - 100 462 514 20-24 9 22 7 30 23 4 4 1 100 377 421 25-29 13 21 8 17 24 6 8 3 100 309 353 30-34 18 18 7 12 24 7 11 2 100 250 274 35-39 21 22 9 12 23 5 5 3 100 192 213 40-44 36 23 8 13 9 2 7 2 100 178 195 45-49 46 21 13 8 6 1 3 1 100 174 186 50-54 50 25 7 4 9 0 3 1 100 150 165 55-59 56 28 8 2 4 1 1 - 100 120 126 60-64 70 18 4 4 4 - 0 - 100 88 93 65+ 72 15 6 4 2 - 1 - 100 168 172 Per capita household Lowest income 39 32 8 12 8 1 1 0 100 487 502 income, quintiles Low income 30 37 7 14 9 1 1 0 100 480 505 Medium income 27 28 10 16 14 3 2 1 100 544 561 High income 20 25 7 18 19 4 5 2 100 489 554 Highest income 16 14 8 18 22 5 13 3 100 466 590 Region Metropolitan area 11 16 7 21 27 6 9 2 100 591 909 West 24 25 8 19 15 3 4 2 100 497 448 North 32 26 9 13 15 4 2 0 100 319 445 South 22 36 11 15 10 1 5 1 100 412 521 Transversale 44 33 7 11 4 0 0 - 100 648 389 n=All male population 15 and older 14 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 30 – Fafo-report 2009:53  1.15 Highest completed education, women 15 and older Highest level completed No formal Incomplete 1st cycle Vocational education primary Primary secondary Rheto Philo University training Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 36 24 7 14 12 2 3 1 100 2 812 3 097 Area Urban 21 21 8 20 20 4 5 1 100 1 164 1 572 Rural 47 27 6 11 7 1 1 0 100 1 648 1 525 Age 15-19 8 45 11 27 9 0 0 0 100 510 560 20-24 11 21 8 28 24 3 4 1 100 414 479 25-29 19 24 6 14 22 5 7 3 100 385 409 30-34 29 18 9 14 19 3 6 1 100 288 315 35-39 43 26 7 9 12 1 2 1 100 246 277 40-44 52 23 5 6 9 2 3 0 100 196 218 45-49 64 18 7 4 5 2 1 0 100 186 218 50-54 62 20 6 2 5 2 2 0 100 158 180 55-59 71 22 2 1 2 - 1 - 100 113 127 60-64 87 6 2 4 1 - - - 100 104 99 65+ 88 7 2 2 0 - 1 0 100 211 215 Per capita household Lowest income 49 27 5 12 6 0 1 0 100 589 603 income, quintiles Low income 43 27 7 13 8 1 0 1 100 591 582 Medium income 37 25 9 14 11 2 2 1 100 578 599 High income 29 24 8 18 16 3 2 1 100 592 696 Highest income 20 17 6 16 24 5 10 2 100 461 617 Region Metropolitan area 18 20 7 22 21 5 6 1 100 745 1 125 West 37 21 8 15 15 1 2 1 100 564 504 North 40 21 6 15 12 2 2 1 100 395 545 South 36 27 7 14 11 1 2 1 100 385 487 Transversale 53 31 6 6 3 0 0 - 100 723 436 n=All female population 15 and older Fafo-report 2009:53 – 31 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – 15 Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 31  1.16 Literacy Creole or French, 15 and older Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 47 18 35 100 5 317 5 854 Area Urban 64 18 19 100 2 113 2 867 Rural 36 18 46 100 3 204 2 987 Gender Male 52 18 30 100 2 483 2 738 Female 42 18 40 100 2 815 3 106 Age 15-19 61 25 14 100 977 1 075 20-24 66 19 15 100 788 897 25-29 62 18 20 100 705 771 30-34 59 16 26 100 540 591 35-39 41 22 36 100 445 497 40-44 36 18 46 100 379 422 45-49 27 16 56 100 360 407 50-54 26 16 58 100 313 351 55-59 19 16 65 100 234 256 60-64 11 9 80 100 195 195 65+ 11 7 81 100 380 392 Highest level No formal education 1 4 95 100 1 681 1 658 completed Incomplete primary 39 42 19 100 1 348 1 391 Primary 68 30 2 100 401 458 1st cycle secondary 81 19 1 100 791 936 Rheto 94 5 0 100 704 867 Philo 99 1 - 100 123 163 University 100 - - 100 180 258 Vocational training 97 3 - 100 53 69 Per capita Lowest income 32 19 49 100 1 085 1 115 household income, Low income 37 22 41 100 1 074 1 091 quintiles Medium income 45 18 37 100 1 127 1 168 High income 54 19 27 100 1 085 1 258 Highest income 69 11 20 100 946 1 222 Region Metropolitan area 68 17 15 100 1 373 2 076 West 47 17 36 100 1 058 951 North 41 18 41 100 715 993 South 47 21 32 100 796 1 008 Transversale 28 18 53 100 1 374 826 n=All population 15 and older Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 32 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1.17 Literacy Creole or French, men 15 and older Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 52 18 30 100 2 483 2 738 Area Urban 72 15 14 100 926 1 277 Rural 40 20 40 100 1 557 1 461 Age 15-19 62 23 14 100 461 512 20-24 68 19 14 100 374 420 25-29 68 15 17 100 311 355 30-34 67 15 18 100 251 275 35-39 50 24 26 100 197 218 40-44 45 15 40 100 181 202 45-49 35 18 46 100 173 187 50-54 34 14 52 100 154 169 55-59 24 20 55 100 122 129 60-64 14 14 72 100 90 96 65+ 17 11 72 100 169 175 Highest level No formal education 2 3 95 100 653 638 completed Incomplete primary 41 41 18 100 665 677 Primary 71 27 2 100 202 231 1st cycle secondary 81 19 0 100 385 455 Rheto 94 6 0 100 354 434 Philo 100 - - 100 67 84 University 100 - - 100 103 147 Vocational training 100 - - 100 30 38 Per capita Lowest income 37 20 43 100 494 509 household income, Low income 42 23 35 100 480 506 quintiles Medium income 49 18 33 100 547 566 High income 59 18 23 100 492 559 Highest income 72 11 17 100 471 598 Region Metropolitan area 76 13 11 100 607 935 West 52 18 29 100 497 448 North 45 18 37 100 319 446 South 50 24 27 100 411 520 Transversale 33 19 48 100 648 389 n=All male population 15 and older Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 33  1.18 Literacy Creole or French, women 15 and older Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 42 18 40 100 2 815 3 106 Area Urban 57 20 23 100 1 171 1 582 Rural 32 17 52 100 1 644 1 524 Age 15-19 60 26 14 100 508 559 20-24 65 18 17 100 412 476 25-29 58 20 23 100 390 414 30-34 51 17 32 100 288 315 35-39 35 21 44 100 248 279 40-44 28 21 52 100 197 219 45-49 20 15 66 100 188 220 50-54 19 17 64 100 159 182 55-59 14 12 75 100 112 127 60-64 9 4 86 100 103 98 65+ 7 4 89 100 211 217 Highest level No formal education 1 4 95 100 1 016 1 015 completed Incomplete primary 36 44 20 100 679 711 Primary 64 33 2 100 197 226 1st cycle secondary 80 19 1 100 404 480 Rheto 94 5 0 100 350 433 Philo 99 1 - 100 56 79 University 100 - - 100 76 111 Vocational training 94 6 - 100 23 31 Per capita Lowest income 27 19 54 100 590 605 household income, Low income 32 21 47 100 595 585 quintiles Medium income 41 18 41 100 577 600 High income 50 19 31 100 592 698 Highest income 67 11 22 100 461 618 Region Metropolitan area 62 19 19 100 750 1 134 West 43 16 41 100 561 503 North 38 18 44 100 396 547 South 43 18 38 100 385 487 Transversale 24 18 58 100 723 435 n=All female population 15 and older Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 34 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1.19 Literacy Creole, 15 and older Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 45 19 36 100 5 323 5 860 Area Urban 60 21 19 100 2 114 2 868 Rural 35 19 46 100 3 209 2 992 Gender Male 50 19 31 100 2 486 2 742 Female 41 19 40 100 2 817 3 108 Age 15-19 60 26 14 100 978 1 077 20-24 65 20 15 100 788 897 25-29 61 19 21 100 705 770 30-34 56 18 26 100 541 592 35-39 38 26 36 100 446 498 40-44 33 20 46 100 380 423 45-49 25 18 57 100 361 407 50-54 26 16 58 100 314 352 55-59 17 17 66 100 234 256 60-64 11 9 80 100 196 196 65+ 10 8 82 100 380 392 Highest level No formal education 1 4 95 100 1 683 1 660 completed Incomplete primary 38 42 19 100 1 350 1 394 Primary 65 32 3 100 402 459 1st cycle secondary 79 20 1 100 791 936 Rheto 89 11 1 100 704 866 Philo 92 7 0 100 123 163 University 96 3 0 100 180 258 Vocational training 94 6 - 100 53 69 Per capita Lowest income 31 20 49 100 1 087 1 117 household income, Low income 36 22 42 100 1 076 1 092 quintiles Medium income 43 19 38 100 1 129 1 170 High income 51 21 28 100 1 086 1 259 Highest income 66 14 20 100 946 1 222 Region Metropolitan area 64 20 16 100 1 373 2 076 West 46 18 36 100 1 061 954 North 40 19 41 100 716 994 South 46 22 33 100 798 1 010 Transversale 27 19 54 100 1 374 826 n=All population 15 and older Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 35  1.20 Literacy Creole, men 15 and older Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 50 19 31 100 2 486 2 742 Area Urban 68 18 14 100 926 1 278 Rural 39 21 40 100 1 560 1 464 Age 15-19 61 25 14 100 462 513 20-24 66 20 14 100 374 420 25-29 66 16 18 100 311 355 30-34 65 18 18 100 252 276 35-39 46 27 27 100 198 219 40-44 43 17 40 100 181 202 45-49 32 21 47 100 173 187 50-54 34 15 52 100 154 170 55-59 23 21 57 100 122 129 60-64 14 14 72 100 90 96 65+ 16 12 73 100 169 175 Highest level No formal education 2 3 95 100 653 638 completed Incomplete primary 41 41 18 100 667 679 Primary 68 29 3 100 203 232 1st cycle secondary 80 20 1 100 385 455 Rheto 89 10 0 100 354 434 Philo 97 3 - 100 67 84 University 96 4 - 100 103 147 Vocational training 94 6 - 100 30 38 Per capita Lowest income 36 21 43 100 494 510 household income, Low income 41 24 35 100 481 507 quintiles Medium income 48 19 33 100 547 567 High income 57 20 24 100 493 560 Highest income 68 14 17 100 471 598 Region Metropolitan area 72 17 11 100 607 935 West 51 20 29 100 498 449 North 45 18 37 100 320 447 South 48 25 27 100 412 522 Transversale 32 19 49 100 648 389 n=All male population 15 and older Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 36 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1.21 Literacy Creole, women 15 and older Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 41 19 40 100 2 817 3 108 Area Urban 54 23 24 100 1 171 1 582 Rural 31 17 52 100 1 646 1 526 Age 15-19 59 27 14 100 509 560 20-24 64 20 17 100 412 476 25-29 56 20 24 100 389 413 30-34 48 19 33 100 288 315 35-39 31 24 44 100 248 279 40-44 25 22 53 100 197 220 45-49 19 15 66 100 188 220 50-54 18 18 64 100 159 182 55-59 12 13 76 100 112 127 60-64 9 5 86 100 104 99 65+ 6 5 89 100 211 217 Highest level No formal education 1 4 95 100 1 018 1 017 completed Incomplete primary 36 43 21 100 680 712 Primary 61 36 3 100 197 226 1st cycle secondary 78 21 1 100 404 480 Rheto 88 11 1 100 350 432 Philo 86 13 1 100 56 79 University 96 3 1 100 76 111 Vocational training 94 6 - 100 23 31 Per capita Lowest income 27 19 55 100 591 606 household income, Low income 32 21 47 100 595 585 quintiles Medium income 39 19 42 100 579 601 High income 47 22 31 100 592 698 Highest income 64 14 22 100 461 618 Region Metropolitan area 57 22 20 100 750 1 134 West 42 17 42 100 563 505 North 36 19 45 100 396 547 South 43 19 39 100 385 487 Transversale 23 18 58 100 723 435 n=All female population 15 and older Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 37  1.22 Literacy French, 15 and older Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 34 20 46 100 5 327 5 863 Area Urban 50 21 29 100 2 114 2 870 Rural 23 20 57 100 3 213 2 993 Gender Male 37 22 41 100 2 486 2 741 Female 31 19 50 100 2 821 3 112 Age 15-19 41 29 30 100 976 1 075 20-24 51 21 28 100 792 900 25-29 45 23 32 100 704 769 30-34 46 20 34 100 540 591 35-39 31 21 47 100 446 500 40-44 26 17 56 100 379 421 45-49 19 16 65 100 362 408 50-54 19 17 64 100 313 351 55-59 11 15 74 100 237 258 60-64 7 8 85 100 197 197 65+ 8 6 87 100 382 393 Highest level No formal education 0 2 98 100 1 688 1 663 completed Incomplete primary 13 38 49 100 1 351 1 394 Primary 40 46 14 100 400 456 1st cycle secondary 62 31 6 100 791 936 Rheto 87 12 2 100 705 868 Philo 99 1 - 100 123 163 University 100 0 - 100 180 258 Vocational training 97 3 - 100 53 69 Per capita Lowest income 19 21 61 100 1 086 1 116 household income, Low income 25 21 53 100 1 076 1 093 quintiles Medium income 31 20 49 100 1 130 1 170 High income 39 22 39 100 1 087 1 260 Highest income 58 15 27 100 948 1 224 Region Metropolitan area 53 21 26 100 1 374 2 079 West 35 21 44 100 1 060 952 North 30 20 50 100 716 994 South 34 21 44 100 796 1 008 Transversale 15 18 66 100 1 380 830 n=All population 15 and older Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 38 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1.23 Literacy French, men 15 and older Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 37 22 41 100 2 486 2 741 Area Urban 58 20 22 100 925 1 277 Rural 25 23 52 100 1 561 1 464 Age 15-19 39 31 30 100 461 512 20-24 54 20 26 100 376 420 25-29 49 23 28 100 309 353 30-34 53 22 25 100 251 275 35-39 39 24 37 100 198 220 40-44 33 19 48 100 181 202 45-49 23 20 57 100 174 188 50-54 23 18 59 100 154 169 55-59 15 18 67 100 122 129 60-64 7 14 79 100 92 98 65+ 12 8 80 100 169 175 Highest level No formal education 1 2 97 100 656 640 completed Incomplete primary 13 39 48 100 667 677 Primary 44 42 14 100 201 230 1st cycle secondary 63 32 6 100 385 455 Rheto 84 15 1 100 354 434 Philo 100 - - 100 67 84 University 100 - - 100 103 147 Vocational training 100 - - 100 30 38 Per capita Lowest income 20 24 56 100 493 508 household income, Low income 29 23 47 100 481 507 quintiles Medium income 33 22 45 100 550 568 High income 44 22 34 100 492 560 Highest income 61 16 23 100 471 598 Region Metropolitan area 60 21 19 100 606 935 West 38 23 39 100 497 448 North 34 21 46 100 320 447 South 36 25 39 100 411 520 Transversale 18 20 62 100 652 391 n=All male population 15 and older Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 39  1.24 Literacy French, women 15 and older Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 31 19 50 100 2 821 3 112 Area Urban 45 21 34 100 1 172 1 585 Rural 21 17 62 100 1 649 1 527 Age 15-19 42 27 30 100 508 559 20-24 49 23 28 100 414 479 25-29 42 24 35 100 390 414 30-34 40 18 42 100 288 315 35-39 25 19 56 100 248 280 40-44 20 16 63 100 196 218 45-49 16 12 72 100 188 220 50-54 15 15 70 100 159 182 55-59 8 11 81 100 115 129 60-64 7 4 90 100 103 98 65+ 4 4 92 100 213 218 Highest level No formal education 0 2 98 100 1 021 1 018 completed Incomplete primary 13 37 50 100 681 714 Primary 35 51 14 100 197 225 1st cycle secondary 61 31 7 100 404 480 Rheto 90 8 2 100 351 434 Philo 99 1 - 100 56 79 University 99 1 - 100 76 111 Vocational training 94 6 - 100 23 31 Per capita Lowest income 18 18 65 100 592 607 household income, Low income 22 20 58 100 595 586 quintiles Medium income 30 18 52 100 577 600 High income 35 22 43 100 594 699 Highest income 56 15 29 100 463 620 Region Metropolitan area 48 21 31 100 752 1 137 West 32 19 49 100 563 504 North 27 19 54 100 396 547 South 32 18 50 100 385 487 Transversale 14 16 70 100 725 437 n=All female population 15 and older Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 40 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1.25 Literacy Creole or French, household heads Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 35 18 47 100 1 821 1 958 Area Urban 54 18 28 100 695 936 Rural 24 17 59 100 1 126 1 022 Gender of Male 41 19 41 100 1 057 1 130 household head Female 28 16 56 100 760 826 Age of household 15-19 46 26 28 100 13 13 head 20-24 55 19 26 100 102 99 25-29 58 21 21 100 156 161 30-34 53 21 26 100 218 230 35-39 41 24 35 100 216 244 40-44 36 23 41 100 209 234 45-49 34 16 50 100 212 238 50-54 32 12 56 100 177 204 55-59 21 19 59 100 148 163 60-64 11 8 81 100 123 120 65+ 12 10 78 100 244 250 Highest level No formal education 1 4 96 100 811 798 completed of Incomplete primary 33 48 20 100 399 416 household head Primary 62 36 3 100 130 153 1st cycle secondary 82 18 0 100 169 200 Rheto 92 8 - 100 188 216 Philo/University 100 - - 100 87 120 Vocational training 93 7 - 100 20 27 Per capita Lowest income 21 16 62 100 367 371 household income, Low income 23 21 56 100 359 348 quintiles Medium income 27 21 52 100 363 371 High income 44 18 37 100 378 423 Highest income 60 11 29 100 354 445 Region Metropolitan area 58 19 23 100 446 674 West 35 19 46 100 368 329 North 30 14 56 100 232 329 South 32 22 47 100 253 314 Transversale 19 15 66 100 521 312 n=All households Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 41  1.26 Main occupation, 15 and older Main occupation Petty trade/ Student/ Retired/ Agriculture business Formal sector apprentice Gran moun Unemployed Other Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 23 21 3 22 3 16 12 100 5 337 5 876 Area Urban 3 26 5 25 2 21 18 100 2 117 2 876 Rural 36 18 2 20 3 13 8 100 3 219 3 000 Gender Male 36 9 4 23 2 10 17 100 2 492 2 749 42 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Female 12 32 3 21 3 22 8 100 2 825 3 117 Age 15-19 4 3 - 77 - 13 3 100 979 1 078 20-24 10 9 2 40 - 27 13 100 793 902 25-29 16 26 6 12 - 22 19 100 705 770 30-34 21 38 7 1 - 14 19 100 541 592 35-39 29 36 5 - - 15 15 100 448 502 40-44 37 30 7 0 - 13 13 100 380 423 45-49 37 29 3 - - 12 19 100 363 409 50-54 42 30 3 - 0 11 13 100 314 352 55-59 50 24 2 - 4 9 12 100 237 258 60-64 50 24 1 - 7 11 7 100 198 198 65+ 35 11 1 0 33 16 3 100 381 392 Highest level No formal education 43 25 0 1 7 16 7 100 1 688 1 664 completed Incomplete primary 24 21 0 29 0 15 11 100 1 355 1 399 Primary 20 25 1 25 1 18 11 100 402 459 1st cycle secondary 6 16 2 44 1 17 14 100 792 937 Rheto 5 17 8 33 1 17 19 100 704 867 Philo 3 13 23 17 - 28 17 100 123 163 University - 13 34 25 2 8 19 100 179 257 Vocational training - 16 9 29 - 13 32 100 53 69 Per capita Lowest income 31 17 1 21 2 20 7 100 1 089 1 120 household income, Low income 28 20 2 21 3 15 11 100 1 077 1 094 quintiles Medium income 26 22 2 22 3 15 10 100 1 132 1 173 High income 18 24 4 22 2 17 14 100 1 090 1 264 Highest income 10 21 8 24 4 13 20 100 948 1 225 Region Metropolitan area 0 26 6 24 1 22 20 100 1 377 2 084 West 23 20 3 24 5 16 10 100 1 065 957 North 23 20 2 21 3 20 11 100 716 994 South 27 18 4 24 2 13 10 100 799 1 011 Transversale 43 19 1 17 3 10 7 100 1 380 830 n=All population 15 and older. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 42 – Fafo-report 2009:53 26 Chapter 2 Youth population Main findings The youth population, as defined by the Haiti Youth Slightly more than half of the youth population is able Survey, includes persons from the age of 10 to 24 and to read and write, and three percent more female than constitute one-third of the total Haitian population. male youth are literate. When the literacy definition One out of five Haitian youth has lost one of their is relaxed to also include the partly literate, 78 percent parents, three percent has lost both. There are more or- of the youth are considered to be literate. The income phaned youth living in the urban than in the rural areas, per capita of the households and the education level and the number of orphans is highest in the Metropoli- of the head of household has a strong impact on youth tan area. As is to be expected, there are more orphans literacy. The urban/rural divide is evident with 65 per- among the oldest youth than among the youngest. cent of urban youth being able to read and write well Less than half of the youth in the youngest cohort versus 43 percent in rural areas, but the gap is narrower (10 – 14 years old) live together with both their parents. than for the population in general. One in five does not live together with any for their par- ents. There are large differences between urban and ru- ral areas, with more urban children living in households without their parents than is the case for rural children. Definitions The majority of children growing up without parents are girls. The households receiving children who have Youth is in the Haiti Youth Survey defined as persons left or been sent away from their parental households from 10 to 24 years of age. For statistical purposes are on average wealthier than households where chil- the United Nations defines youth as persons between dren live with one or both their parents. Children who the ages of 15 and 24 years. The decision to broaden are not living together with their parents are much less the youth category for the Haiti Youth Survey to also likely to be enrolled in school than children who are include persons aged from 10 to 14 was made prima- living in their parental household. rily to cover the entry of young people into the labour Two-thirds of the youth not living with their mother market and to be able to provide more detailed data on receive money or gifts from their mother’s household, the education situation and enrolment status in Haiti. while slightly more than half of the youth not living However, age brackets for 10-14, 15-19 and 20-24 with their father receive money or gifts from his house- year olds are used throughout the report to facilitate hold. Girls receive somewhat less support from parental comparison with studies using the UN definition of households but there are no large gender differences. youth. The older youth receive more than those below 15 years For a definition of literacy see chapter 1. of age. Children enrolled in school are more likely to receive regular support from parents outside of their household than children who are not going to school. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 43  2.1 Orphanhood among youth Orphanhood Both parents Both parents Only father Only mother alive dead alive alive Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 76 3 7 14 100 2 743 3 022 Area Urban 71 4 6 18 100 1 050 1 441 Rural 79 2 7 12 100 1 693 1 581 Gender Male 76 3 7 14 100 1 347 1 478 Female 76 3 7 14 100 1 386 1 539 Age 10-14 84 2 5 9 100 981 1 056 15-19 76 2 6 16 100 972 1 071 20-24 66 5 10 19 100 790 895 Current school Attending school 81 1 5 12 100 1 914 2 142 attendance Not attending school 64 5 9 22 100 627 672 Highest level No formal education 73 6 8 13 100 358 341 completed Incomplete primary 80 2 5 13 100 1 341 1 403 Primary 73 2 11 15 100 205 236 1st cycle secondary 72 3 8 17 100 502 601 Rheto 75 4 6 16 100 267 340 Philo 61 5 8 26 100 29 36 University 79 2 5 14 100 32 49 Vocational training 45 5 34 16 100 8 13 Per capita Lowest income 78 3 5 13 100 611 627 household income, Low income 77 3 7 13 100 590 617 quintiles Medium income 79 3 7 12 100 618 628 High income 75 4 7 13 100 561 659 Highest income 67 2 8 23 100 362 491 Region Metropolitan area 71 5 6 18 100 685 1 049 West 77 3 7 13 100 545 487 North 73 3 7 16 100 381 536 South 81 3 4 13 100 420 526 Transversale 79 2 8 11 100 712 424 n=All youth (10-24) 2 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 44 – Fafo-report 2009:53  2.2 Parent's presence in household Parental presence in household Both parents No parents Father Mother present present present only present only Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 40 30 6 25 100 2 742 3 023 Area Urban 29 39 5 27 100 1 051 1 443 Rural 46 25 6 23 100 1 691 1 580 Gender Male 42 25 8 25 100 1 346 1 477 Female 37 35 4 24 100 1 387 1 541 Age 10-14 49 19 6 26 100 982 1 058 15-19 41 28 6 25 100 972 1 071 20-24 26 47 4 23 100 788 894 Current school Attending school 47 23 6 24 100 1 915 2 144 attendance Not attending school 22 46 5 28 100 626 671 Per capita household Lowest income 46 22 4 28 100 612 628 income, quintiles Low income 42 28 5 24 100 589 616 Medium income 43 27 8 22 100 618 629 High income 34 35 5 26 100 561 659 Highest income 27 44 6 23 100 362 491 Region Metropolitan area 29 37 7 27 100 686 1 051 West 35 33 4 28 100 544 486 North 37 31 5 26 100 381 536 South 48 27 3 23 100 420 526 Transversale 50 23 7 20 100 712 424 n=All youth (10-24) Fafo-report 2009:53 – 45 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 45  2.3 Parent's presence in household, boys Parental presence in household Both parents No parents Father Mother present present present only present only Total Population 46 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total ('000) Sample size Total 42 25 8 25 100 1 346 1 477 Area Urban 32 32 7 30 100 471 651 Rural 48 22 8 23 100 875 826 Age 10-14 50 16 9 26 100 515 550 15-19 43 23 7 26 100 457 509 20-24 30 41 6 23 100 374 418 Current school Attending school 49 20 7 24 100 973 1 083 attendance Not attending school 23 40 7 30 100 277 294 Per capita household Lowest income 48 20 5 26 100 301 309 income, quintiles Low income 46 23 6 24 100 286 309 Medium income 43 24 11 23 100 329 333 High income 38 26 7 29 100 270 303 Highest income 28 39 9 24 100 160 223 Region Metropolitan area 31 31 9 29 100 302 470 West 39 26 6 29 100 268 245 North 36 29 9 26 100 175 247 South 50 22 4 24 100 246 303 Transversale 51 20 9 19 100 354 212 n=All male youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 46 – Fafo-report 2009:53  2.4 Parent's presence in household, girls Parental presence in household Both parents No parents Father present Mother present present only present only Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 37 35 4 24 100 1 387 1 541 Area Urban 27 46 4 24 100 570 787 Rural 45 28 4 24 100 817 754 Age 10-14 48 24 3 26 100 468 508 15-19 39 32 6 23 100 508 558 20-24 23 53 2 22 100 412 475 Current school Attending school 46 27 4 23 100 938 1 058 attendance Not attending school 21 51 3 25 100 344 375 Per capita household Lowest income 43 24 3 30 100 310 318 income, quintiles Low income 38 33 4 25 100 303 307 Medium income 44 31 4 21 100 289 296 High income 31 43 4 22 100 290 355 Highest income 27 50 4 19 100 195 265 Region Metropolitan area 27 43 5 25 100 375 577 West 31 40 3 26 100 276 241 North 39 33 2 25 100 205 289 South 44 33 2 21 100 173 222 Transversale 48 26 5 21 100 358 212 n=All female youth (10-24) Fafo-report 2009:53 – 47 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 47  2.5 Parent's presence in household, urban areas Parental presence in household Both parents No parents Father present Mother present present present only only Total Population 48 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total ('000) Sample size Total 29 39 5 27 100 1 051 1 443 Gender Male 32 32 7 30 100 471 651 Female 27 46 4 24 100 570 787 Age 10-14 37 26 7 30 100 311 436 15-19 31 37 4 27 100 376 515 20-24 19 52 4 25 100 365 492 Current school Attending school 35 33 6 27 100 741 1 057 attendance Not attending school 15 53 4 28 100 264 325 Per capita household Lowest income 33 29 6 32 100 130 169 income, quintiles Low income 34 38 4 25 100 193 233 Medium income 29 40 7 24 100 193 260 High income 26 39 3 31 100 285 402 Highest income 26 45 6 23 100 250 379 Region Metropolitan area 29 37 7 27 100 686 1 051 West 18 48 1 33 100 62 59 North 24 44 3 28 100 150 191 South 35 51 1 13 100 65 86 Transversale 41 27 2 30 100 88 56 n=All urban youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 48 – Fafo-report 2009:53  2.6 Parent's presence in household, rural areas Parental presence in household Both parents No parents Father Mother present present present only present only Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 46 25 6 23 100 1 691 1 580 Gender Male 48 22 8 23 100 875 826 Female 45 28 4 24 100 817 754 Age 10-14 54 16 6 24 100 671 622 15-19 47 22 7 24 100 597 556 20-24 32 43 4 21 100 423 402 Current school Attending school 55 18 6 21 100 1 175 1 087 attendance Not attending school 27 41 5 28 100 362 346 Per capita household Lowest income 49 21 3 27 100 482 459 income, quintiles Low income 46 24 6 24 100 396 383 Medium income 50 22 8 20 100 425 369 High income 42 31 8 20 100 276 257 Highest income 30 43 6 21 100 112 112 Region West 37 31 5 27 100 482 427 North 46 23 7 24 100 231 345 South 50 22 3 24 100 355 440 Transversale 51 22 8 19 100 624 368 n=All rural youth (10-24) Fafo-report 2009:53 – 49 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 49  2.7 Money/gifts from father's household Receives money from father Yes, Yes, regularly occasionally No, never Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 30 24 46 100 1 008 1 120 Area Urban 31 26 43 100 442 602 Rural 29 22 48 100 566 518 Gender Male 30 25 45 100 444 497 Female 30 23 47 100 562 622 Age 10-14 25 20 55 100 326 356 15-19 32 24 44 100 331 380 20-24 33 28 39 100 351 384 Current school Attending school 34 22 44 100 633 727 attendance Not attending school 26 29 45 100 283 303 Per capita household Lowest income 23 28 49 100 203 201 income, quintiles Low income 24 21 55 100 217 220 Medium income 32 24 44 100 206 224 High income 34 24 41 100 239 278 Highest income 39 23 38 100 142 197 Region Metropolitan area 25 30 44 100 272 425 West 44 15 42 100 244 203 North 32 25 43 100 135 187 South 22 21 57 100 142 177 Transversale 25 29 47 100 214 128 n=Youth (10-24) not living with father, father alive Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 50 – Fafo-report 2009:53 2.8 Money/gifts from mother's household Receives money from mother Yes, Yes, regularly occasionally No, never Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 41 27 32 100 704 798 Area Urban 39 29 32 100 337 465 Rural 42 25 32 100 367 333 Gender Male 43 26 31 100 310 351 Female 39 28 33 100 394 447 Age 10-14 29 32 39 100 183 204 15-19 47 23 31 100 243 274 20-24 44 27 29 100 277 320 Current school Attending school 45 23 33 100 419 490 attendance Not attending school 42 31 27 100 218 241 Per capita household Lowest income 51 22 27 100 109 114 income, quintiles Low income 36 26 38 100 139 134 Medium income 39 27 33 100 154 165 High income 38 34 29 100 160 195 Highest income 43 23 34 100 142 190 Region Metropolitan area 33 33 35 100 216 329 West 56 15 29 100 148 126 North 42 22 36 100 97 129 South 42 26 31 100 98 126 Transversale 36 35 30 100 144 88 n=Youth (10-24) not living with mother, mother alive Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 51  2.9 Place of birth Place of birth Other Other household commune in In this in this this Other 52 – Fafo-report 2009:53 household commune department department Abroad Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 50 31 8 12 0 100 2 757 3 043 Area Urban 30 31 14 25 0 100 1 058 1 454 Rural 62 30 4 3 0 100 1 699 1 589 Gender Male 53 31 7 9 0 100 1 355 1 489 Female 47 30 9 14 0 100 1 392 1 549 Age 10-14 59 26 7 7 1 100 984 1 062 15-19 50 31 7 11 0 100 979 1 079 20-24 37 36 9 18 0 100 793 902 Per capita household Lowest income 57 28 8 7 1 100 617 635 income, quintiles Low income 53 32 7 9 - 100 593 620 Medium income 54 31 7 7 1 100 621 633 High income 46 30 9 15 0 100 562 660 Highest income 30 32 11 27 - 100 364 495 Region Metropolitan area 31 26 9 34 0 100 691 1 060 West 54 32 7 7 0 100 546 488 North 52 26 17 4 1 100 384 541 South 54 33 8 5 - 100 422 529 Transversale 60 35 3 2 0 100 713 425 n=All youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 52 – Fafo-report 2009:53  2.10 Marital status Marital status Single, never Married Married married (maryaj) (place) Vivavek Widowed Separated Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 88 1 6 4 0 0 100 2 756 3 042 Area Urban 88 1 6 5 - 0 100 1 057 1 453 Rural 89 1 6 3 0 0 100 1 699 1 589 Age 10-14 100 - - - - - 100 984 1 062 15-19 94 0 3 3 0 0 100 979 1 078 20-24 67 3 17 11 - 1 100 793 902 Highest level No formal education 90 1 4 5 - 1 100 1 244 1 256 completed of Incomplete primary 89 1 7 3 0 - 100 628 678 household head Primary 86 2 6 4 - 1 100 218 270 1st cycle secondary 82 2 9 6 - 0 100 267 322 Rheto 86 1 9 4 - - 100 243 280 Philo/University 93 1 2 5 - - 100 98 141 Vocational training 85 1 12 - - 2 100 28 44 Per capita household Lowest income 88 2 5 4 - 0 100 617 635 income, quintiles Low income 86 1 7 5 - 1 100 593 620 Medium income 90 0 6 3 - 0 100 621 633 High income 88 1 7 4 0 0 100 562 660 Highest income 90 1 3 6 - 0 100 364 494 Region Metropolitan area 87 1 7 5 - 0 100 691 1 059 West 88 1 7 4 - 0 100 546 488 North 89 2 6 3 - 0 100 384 541 South 90 1 4 5 - 0 100 422 529 Transversale 88 1 6 4 0 1 100 713 425 n=All youth (10-24) Fafo-report 2009:53 – 53 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 53 11  2.11 Marital status, boys Marital status Single, never Married Married married (maryaj) (place) Vivavek Separated Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 54 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 94 0 3 3 0 100 1 355 1 489 Area Urban 93 0 3 4 0 100 475 657 Rural 94 0 3 2 - 100 880 832 Age 10-14 100 - - - - 100 516 553 15-19 98 - 1 1 - 100 462 514 20-24 80 1 10 9 0 100 377 422 Highest level No formal education 95 0 2 3 - 100 624 629 completed of Incomplete primary 94 0 4 2 - 100 330 349 household head Primary 90 1 3 5 - 100 109 142 1st cycle secondary 90 - 5 4 0 100 118 144 Rheto 95 - 4 2 - 100 104 120 Philo/University 93 - - 7 - 100 44 61 Vocational training 86 - 10 - 4 100 14 21 Per capita household Lowest income 96 1 2 1 - 100 304 314 income, quintiles Low income 93 - 4 3 - 100 289 312 Medium income 93 0 3 3 0 100 331 335 High income 93 - 4 3 0 100 270 303 Highest income 94 - 1 6 - 100 161 225 Region Metropolitan area 91 0 4 4 0 100 305 475 West 94 - 2 4 - 100 271 247 North 97 - 3 1 - 100 177 250 South 96 - 1 3 - 100 247 304 Transversale 92 1 4 2 - 100 356 213 n=All male youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 54 – Fafo-report 2009:53 12  2.12 Marital status, girls Marital status Single, never Married Married married (maryaj) (place) Vivavek Widowed Separated Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 83 2 9 5 0 1 100 1 391 1 548 Area Urban 85 1 8 5 - 1 100 573 791 Rural 82 2 10 5 0 1 100 819 757 Age 10-14 100 - - - - - 100 468 509 15-19 90 1 5 4 0 0 100 509 560 20-24 56 5 24 12 - 2 100 414 479 Highest level No formal education 85 1 7 6 - 1 100 613 624 completed of Incomplete primary 83 2 11 4 0 - 100 298 328 household head Primary 82 3 10 3 - 3 100 108 127 1st cycle secondary 76 4 12 8 - - 100 149 178 Rheto 80 1 13 6 - - 100 140 160 Philo/University 94 1 3 2 - - 100 53 80 Vocational training 84 3 13 - - - 100 15 23 Per capita household Lowest income 81 3 8 7 - 1 100 311 320 income, quintiles Low income 80 2 10 7 - 1 100 304 308 Medium income 86 1 10 3 - 1 100 290 298 High income 84 1 10 4 0 1 100 290 356 Highest income 89 2 6 4 - 0 100 195 266 Region Metropolitan area 84 1 10 5 - 0 100 377 580 West 83 2 11 3 - 1 100 276 241 North 82 4 8 5 - 1 100 207 291 South 82 1 8 8 - 1 100 174 224 Transversale 84 1 7 5 0 1 100 358 212 n=All female youth (10-24) Fafo-report 2009:53 – 55 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 55 13  2.13 Literacy Creole or French Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 51 27 22 100 2 747 3 031 Area Urban 65 23 12 100 1 056 1 450 Rural 43 29 28 100 1 691 1 581 Gender Male 50 27 23 100 1 351 1 484 Female 53 27 21 100 1 387 1 542 Age 10-14 30 35 35 100 982 1 059 15-19 61 25 14 100 977 1 075 20-24 66 19 15 100 788 897 Highest level No formal education 41 30 30 100 1 236 1 248 completed of Incomplete primary 46 31 22 100 627 676 household head Primary 65 22 13 100 217 269 1st cycle secondary 68 22 9 100 267 322 Rheto 73 16 11 100 243 280 Philo/University 81 11 8 100 98 142 Vocational training 75 11 14 100 28 43 Per capita household Lowest income 39 30 31 100 614 633 income, quintiles Low income 46 28 26 100 591 616 Medium income 52 28 20 100 619 632 High income 54 27 19 100 560 656 Highest income 77 15 8 100 364 494 Region Metropolitan area 70 19 11 100 690 1 057 West 52 27 21 100 545 486 North 47 27 26 100 382 538 South 50 31 19 100 421 527 Transversale 36 32 32 100 710 423 n=All youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 56 – Fafo-report 2009:53 2.14 Literacy Creole or French, boys Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 50 27 23 100 1 351 1 484 Area Urban 69 21 10 100 474 655 Rural 40 30 30 100 877 829 Age 10-14 27 36 38 100 515 552 15-19 62 23 14 100 461 512 20-24 68 19 14 100 374 420 Highest level No formal education 38 31 30 100 620 626 completed of Incomplete primary 45 31 24 100 329 347 household head Primary 63 22 15 100 109 142 1st cycle secondary 72 15 13 100 118 144 Rheto 78 14 8 100 104 120 Philo/University 84 11 5 100 44 61 Vocational training 71 8 21 100 14 21 Per capita household Lowest income 37 31 32 100 304 314 income, quintiles Low income 48 27 25 100 288 311 Medium income 49 29 22 100 329 334 High income 50 27 23 100 268 300 Highest income 79 14 7 100 161 225 Region Metropolitan area 74 17 9 100 305 474 West 53 26 21 100 270 246 North 43 27 30 100 177 249 South 46 32 22 100 246 303 Transversale 33 33 34 100 353 212 n=All male youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 57  2.15 Literacy Creole or French, girls Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 53 27 21 100 1 387 1 542 Area Urban 63 24 14 100 572 790 Rural 45 29 26 100 815 752 Age 10-14 33 35 32 100 467 507 15-19 60 26 14 100 508 559 20-24 65 18 17 100 412 476 Highest level No formal education 42 28 29 100 609 619 completed of Incomplete primary 47 32 21 100 298 328 household head Primary 68 22 11 100 107 126 1st cycle secondary 65 28 7 100 149 178 Rheto 69 17 14 100 140 160 Philo/University 79 11 10 100 54 81 Vocational training 78 13 9 100 14 22 Per capita household Lowest income 40 29 30 100 309 318 income, quintiles Low income 43 29 27 100 302 305 Medium income 55 28 18 100 290 298 High income 58 27 16 100 290 355 Highest income 75 16 9 100 195 266 Region Metropolitan area 67 21 12 100 377 579 West 51 27 22 100 275 240 North 50 27 23 100 205 289 South 56 29 15 100 174 223 Transversale 38 31 31 100 357 211 n=All female youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 58 – Fafo-report 2009:53 2.16 Literacy Creole Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 50 28 22 100 2 751 3 036 Area Urban 64 24 12 100 1 057 1 451 Rural 42 30 28 100 1 694 1 585 Gender Male 49 28 23 100 1 352 1 486 Female 51 27 21 100 1 389 1 545 Age 10-14 29 35 36 100 984 1 062 15-19 60 26 14 100 978 1 077 20-24 65 20 15 100 788 897 Highest level No formal education 39 31 30 100 1 239 1 252 completed of Incomplete primary 46 31 23 100 628 677 household head Primary 64 22 13 100 217 269 1st cycle secondary 67 23 9 100 267 322 Rheto 71 17 12 100 243 280 Philo/University 77 14 9 100 98 142 Vocational training 73 12 14 100 28 43 Per capita household Lowest income 38 30 31 100 616 634 income, quintiles Low income 44 29 26 100 593 619 Medium income 51 29 20 100 619 632 High income 52 28 20 100 560 657 Highest income 75 17 8 100 364 494 Region Metropolitan area 68 21 11 100 690 1 057 West 51 28 22 100 546 487 North 45 28 27 100 384 541 South 50 31 20 100 422 528 Transversale 35 32 33 100 710 423 n=All youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 59  2.17 Literacy Creole, boys Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 49 28 23 100 1 352 1 486 Area Urban 67 23 10 100 475 656 Rural 39 30 30 100 877 830 Age 10-14 26 36 38 100 516 553 15-19 61 25 14 100 462 513 20-24 66 20 14 100 374 420 Highest level No formal education 37 33 30 100 621 627 completed of Incomplete primary 45 31 24 100 330 348 household head Primary 63 22 15 100 109 142 1st cycle secondary 70 17 13 100 118 144 Rheto 78 14 8 100 104 120 Philo/University 82 11 7 100 44 61 Vocational training 68 12 21 100 14 21 Per capita household Lowest income 36 32 32 100 304 314 income, quintiles Low income 47 28 25 100 289 312 Medium income 49 29 22 100 329 334 High income 49 28 23 100 269 301 Highest income 77 15 7 100 161 225 Region Metropolitan area 73 18 10 100 305 474 West 51 28 21 100 270 246 North 43 27 30 100 177 250 South 45 32 22 100 247 304 Transversale 33 33 34 100 353 212 n=All male youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 60 – Fafo-report 2009:53 2.18 Literacy Creole, girls Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 51 27 21 100 1 389 1 545 Area Urban 61 25 14 100 572 790 Rural 44 29 27 100 817 755 Age 10-14 33 34 33 100 468 509 15-19 59 27 14 100 509 560 20-24 64 20 17 100 412 476 Highest level No formal education 41 29 30 100 611 622 completed of Incomplete primary 47 32 21 100 298 328 household head Primary 67 22 12 100 107 126 1st cycle secondary 65 28 7 100 149 178 Rheto 66 19 15 100 140 160 Philo/University 73 17 10 100 54 81 Vocational training 78 13 9 100 14 22 Per capita household Lowest income 40 29 31 100 310 319 income, quintiles Low income 42 30 28 100 304 307 Medium income 53 29 18 100 290 298 High income 56 27 16 100 290 355 Highest income 74 17 9 100 195 266 Region Metropolitan area 65 22 13 100 377 579 West 50 27 23 100 276 241 North 47 29 24 100 207 291 South 56 29 16 100 174 223 Transversale 38 31 31 100 357 211 n=All female youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 61  2.19 Literacy French Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 34 28 38 100 2 751 3 034 Area Urban 47 28 25 100 1 056 1 451 Rural 26 29 46 100 1 695 1 583 Gender Male 33 29 38 100 1 352 1 484 Female 35 28 37 100 1 389 1 545 Age 10-14 13 34 53 100 982 1 059 15-19 41 29 30 100 976 1 075 20-24 51 21 28 100 792 900 Highest level No formal education 23 29 48 100 1 239 1 249 completed of Incomplete primary 31 30 39 100 627 677 household head Primary 43 32 25 100 218 270 1st cycle secondary 46 28 26 100 267 322 Rheto 56 24 20 100 243 280 Philo/University 65 20 15 100 98 142 Vocational training 67 15 18 100 28 43 Per capita household Lowest income 22 30 48 100 615 633 income, quintiles Low income 29 29 42 100 591 617 Medium income 33 29 38 100 621 633 High income 35 29 36 100 559 656 Highest income 60 23 17 100 364 495 Region Metropolitan area 52 26 23 100 690 1 058 West 35 29 36 100 545 486 North 30 28 42 100 382 538 South 34 29 37 100 421 527 Transversale 18 30 52 100 713 425 n=All youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 62 – Fafo-report 2009:53 2.20 Literacy French, boys Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 33 29 38 100 1 352 1 484 Area Urban 51 28 22 100 473 654 Rural 23 29 47 100 879 830 Age 10-14 12 33 55 100 515 552 15-19 39 31 30 100 461 512 20-24 54 20 26 100 376 420 Highest level No formal education 22 30 48 100 622 626 completed of Incomplete primary 30 31 39 100 329 348 household head Primary 41 30 29 100 109 142 1st cycle secondary 47 26 27 100 118 144 Rheto 61 23 16 100 104 120 Philo/University 66 25 9 100 44 61 Vocational training 65 10 25 100 13 20 Per capita household Lowest income 19 32 50 100 304 313 income, quintiles Low income 31 30 39 100 288 311 Medium income 32 31 37 100 331 335 High income 35 27 38 100 268 300 Highest income 63 21 17 100 161 225 Region Metropolitan area 56 25 20 100 304 473 West 35 30 35 100 270 246 North 27 28 44 100 177 249 South 32 28 40 100 246 303 Transversale 16 32 52 100 356 213 n=All male youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 63  2.21 Literacy French, girls Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 35 28 37 100 1 389 1 545 Area Urban 45 29 26 100 573 792 Rural 28 27 44 100 816 753 Age 10-14 14 34 52 100 467 507 15-19 42 27 30 100 508 559 20-24 49 23 28 100 414 479 Highest level No formal education 24 28 47 100 610 620 completed of Incomplete primary 32 29 39 100 298 328 household head Primary 46 33 21 100 108 127 1st cycle secondary 45 30 25 100 149 178 Rheto 52 24 23 100 140 160 Philo/University 65 15 20 100 54 81 Vocational training 69 20 12 100 15 23 Per capita household Lowest income 26 28 46 100 310 319 income, quintiles Low income 28 28 44 100 303 306 Medium income 35 27 38 100 290 298 High income 36 31 33 100 290 355 Highest income 60 25 15 100 196 267 Region Metropolitan area 49 27 24 100 378 581 West 36 28 36 100 275 240 North 33 27 40 100 205 289 South 37 30 33 100 174 223 Transversale 20 28 52 100 358 212 n=All female youth (10-24) Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 64 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Chapter 3 Education Main findings The majority of households with children of school Millennium Development Goal 2 targets the achieve- age who are not enrolled cite high school fees as the ment of universal primary education by 2015. Two of main reason for non-enrollment. The average total the indicators used to assess progress towards this goal annual school costs for children enrolled in primary are primary completion rate and the literacy rates of school are 3,900 HTG or close to 100 USD. The 15-24 year olds. school costs are considerably higher in the urban than In Haiti, the overall literacy in the population 15 in the rural areas. years and older is 47 percent, with an additional 18 Millennium Development Goal 3 promotes gender percent being partly literate. For the youth population equality and empowerment of women through the between 15 and 24, the literacy rate is considerably elimination of gender disparity at all levels of education higher. Sixty-three percent of the youth report that by no later than 2015. Two of the indicators used to they are reading and writing easily, and an additional assess this goal are the ratio of literate women to men, 22 percent report that they are reading and writing 15–24 years old (literacy gender parity index), and the with difficulties. There are large regional differences, ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary and illiteracy is higher among rural than urban youth. education. There is no real gender gap in literacy rates Three out of four youth in the Metropolitan area read among the Haitian youth aged 15 to 24, but slightly and write easily, compared to only half of the youth in more male (65 percent) than female (62 percent) youth the Transversale region. The level of literacy is closely can read and write easily, giving a literacy gender par- related to household income, with poorer households ity index of 0.95. However, more girls than boys are reporting higher rates of illiteracy. In addition, the edu- enrolled in secondary education in all regions except cation level of head of the household also has a strong in the South. The ratio of girls to boys are higher in impact the level of literacy for youth members. the urban (1.15) than in the rural (1.10) areas and the Haitian children are often delayed in starting school. total ratio of girls to boys in secondary education in Rural children are enrolled later than urban children, Haiti is 1.12. and wealthy households send their children to school earlier then poor households. Children in households where the head has little or no education also expe- rience school enrolment delays. There is no gender disparity in the age of enrolment. Definitions Only four percent of 12-year olds have completed primary education. At the age of 16, the primary com- Primary completion rate is the ratio of the total number pletion rate has increased to 35 percent. Of children of students successfully completing (or graduating aged 11 to 16 in households where the head has no from) the last year of primary school in a given year to formal education, only 10 percent completed primary the total number of children of official graduation age school. in the population. This survey reports on the primary completion rate for 11 to 16 year olds. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 65  Net secondary enrolment ratio is the ratio of the number of children of official school age, who are enrolled in secondary school to the total population of children of official school age. According to the traditional educational system, which is most widely practiced in Haiti, official school age for secondary education is from 12 to 18 years old. The net enrol- ment rate does not include children who start earlier than prescribed, nor children above the age of 18 who are still enrolled in secondary school. Gross secondary enrolment ratio is the ratio of the total number of pupils enrolled in secondary school irrespective of age to the total population of children of official school age. The ratio of literate women to men, 15–24 years old (literacy gender parity index) is the ratio of the female literacy rate to the male literacy rate for the age group 15–24. For definition of literacy see chapter 1. Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and terti- ary education is the ratio of the number of female stu- dents enrolled at primary, secondary and tertiary levels to the number of male students enrolled at the same levels. Due to the low number of youth enrolled in ter- tiary education included in the sample, the Haiti Youth Survey only reports on the gender ratios for secondary education. Enrolment data for primary education are not included as children in lower primary school age are outside the target age for the survey. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 66 – Fafo-report 2009:53 3.1 Primary completion rate (MDG) Primary completion rate Has not completed Has completed primary primary Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 83 17 100 1 163 1 275 Area Urban 68 32 100 378 547 Rural 90 10 100 786 728 Gender Male 86 14 100 603 646 Female 81 19 100 557 627 Age 11 99 1 100 158 183 12 96 4 100 208 221 13 92 8 100 222 237 14 78 22 100 189 212 15 70 30 100 191 211 16 65 35 100 195 211 Highest level No formal education 90 10 100 565 565 completed of Incomplete primary 86 14 100 277 295 household head Primary 73 27 100 88 104 1st cycle secondary 70 30 100 97 125 Rheto 69 31 100 81 101 Philo/University 60 40 100 31 44 Vocational training 39 61 100 10 16 Per capita household Lowest income 89 11 100 281 293 income, i quintiles Low income 87 13 100 272 274 Medium income 86 14 100 261 267 High income 84 16 100 216 257 Highest income 55 45 100 133 184 Region Metropolitan area 64 36 100 229 388 West 79 21 100 235 208 North 85 15 100 171 247 South 90 10 100 183 225 Transversale 94 6 100 345 207 n=All youth (11-16). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 67  3.2 Primary completion rate, boys Primary completion rate Has not completed Has completed primary primary Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 86 14 100 603 646 Area Urban 68 32 100 168 239 Rural 93 7 100 435 407 Age 11 100 - 100 82 92 12 96 4 100 118 122 13 94 6 100 120 121 14 81 19 100 92 103 15 72 28 100 96 108 16 68 32 100 95 100 Highest level No formal education 91 9 100 301 299 completed of Incomplete primary 90 10 100 152 155 household head Primary 79 21 100 48 58 1st cycle secondary 72 28 100 43 55 Rheto 62 38 100 37 47 Philo/University 51 49 100 13 17 Vocational training 77 23 100 4 6 Per capita household Lowest income 92 8 100 156 159 income, quintiles Low income 91 9 100 139 141 Medium income 87 13 100 141 143 High income 86 14 100 106 116 Highest income 54 46 100 61 87 Region Metropolitan area 63 37 100 96 162 West 81 19 100 129 113 North 86 14 100 86 126 South 91 9 100 112 134 Transversale 98 2 100 181 111 n=All male youth (11-16). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 68 – Fafo-report 2009:53 3.3 Primary completion rate, girls Primary completion rate Has not completed Has completed primary primary Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 81 19 100 557 627 Area Urban 70 30 100 206 306 Rural 87 13 100 350 321 Age 11 98 2 100 76 91 12 95 5 100 91 99 13 89 11 100 102 116 14 76 24 100 98 109 15 69 31 100 92 102 16 61 39 100 99 110 Highest level No formal education 90 10 100 262 265 completed of Incomplete primary 80 20 100 124 139 household head Primary 65 35 100 40 46 1st cycle secondary 68 32 100 55 70 Rheto 75 25 100 44 54 Philo/University 66 34 100 18 27 Vocational training 16 84 100 6 10 Per capita household Lowest income 85 15 100 124 133 income, quintiles Low income 84 16 100 133 133 Medium income 84 16 100 120 124 High income 83 17 100 110 141 Highest income 58 42 100 70 96 Region Metropolitan area 65 35 100 131 225 West 78 22 100 106 95 North 85 15 100 85 121 South 88 12 100 71 90 Transversale 90 10 100 164 96 n=All female youth (11-16). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 69  3.4 Net enrolment rate in secondary school Net enrolment in secondary school Not enrolled Enrolled Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 72 28 100 1 346 1 461 Area Urban 55 45 100 478 665 Rural 82 18 100 868 796 Gender Male 75 25 100 675 720 Female 70 30 100 666 738 Age 12 95 5 100 195 206 13 93 7 100 203 218 14 78 22 100 176 197 15 69 31 100 177 199 16 65 35 100 189 202 17 58 42 100 195 212 18 50 50 100 210 227 Highest level No formal education 84 16 100 618 617 completed of Incomplete primary 76 24 100 329 343 household head Primary 64 36 100 105 126 1st cycle secondary 52 48 100 122 147 Rheto 49 51 100 102 123 Philo/University 42 58 100 42 62 Vocational training 31 69 100 14 21 Per capita household Lowest income 81 19 100 308 311 income, quintiles Low income 79 21 100 293 298 Medium income 77 23 100 311 315 High income 71 29 100 258 299 Highest income 42 58 100 176 238 Region Metropolitan area 49 51 100 293 469 West 68 32 100 274 242 North 75 25 100 184 255 South 79 21 100 219 272 Transversale 88 12 100 376 223 n=All youth in secondary school age (12-18). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 70 – Fafo-report 2009:53 5 3.5 Net enrolment rate in secondary school, boys Net enrolment in secondary school Not enrolled Enrolled Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 75 25 100 675 720 Area Urban 54 46 100 207 294 Rural 85 15 100 468 426 Age 12 96 4 100 109 112 13 95 5 100 109 109 14 82 18 100 85 95 15 70 30 100 90 103 16 68 32 100 90 92 17 60 40 100 89 98 18 52 48 100 103 111 Highest level No formal education 86 14 100 323 319 completed of Incomplete primary 78 22 100 173 172 household head Primary 70 30 100 54 66 1st cycle secondary 53 47 100 52 64 Rheto 44 56 100 44 56 Philo/University 27 73 100 17 24 Vocational training 63 37 100 5 9 Per capita household Lowest income 85 15 100 167 160 income, quintiles Low income 82 18 100 148 154 Medium income 77 23 100 167 167 High income 76 24 100 114 126 Highest income 40 60 100 79 113 Region Metropolitan area 48 52 100 124 203 West 72 28 100 142 125 North 76 24 100 89 123 South 80 20 100 130 157 Transversale 92 8 100 191 112 n=All male youth in secondary school age (12-18). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 71 6  3.6 Net enrolment rate in secondary school, girls Net enrolment in secondary school Not enrolled Enrolled Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 70 30 100 666 738 Area Urban 56 44 100 266 368 Rural 78 22 100 400 370 Age 12 94 6 100 86 94 13 90 10 100 94 109 14 75 25 100 91 102 15 71 29 100 85 95 16 62 38 100 98 109 17 56 44 100 105 113 18 48 52 100 108 116 Highest level No formal education 82 18 100 292 297 completed of Incomplete primary 73 27 100 155 170 household head Primary 57 43 100 49 59 1st cycle secondary 51 49 100 70 83 Rheto 54 46 100 58 67 Philo/University 51 49 100 25 38 Vocational training 11 89 100 9 12 Per capita household Lowest income 76 24 100 140 150 income, quintiles Low income 77 23 100 145 144 Medium income 76 24 100 143 148 High income 67 33 100 142 172 Highest income 45 55 100 95 124 Region Metropolitan area 51 49 100 165 264 West 65 35 100 132 117 North 74 26 100 95 132 South 77 23 100 89 114 Transversale 84 16 100 186 111 n=All female youth in secondary school age (12-18). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 72 – Fafo-report 2009:53 7 3.7 Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (MDG) Ratio of girls to boys in  secondary school Total 1,12 Area Urban 1,15 Rural 1,10 Region Metropolitan area 1,12 West 1,11 North 1,31 South ,90 Transversale 1,28 N=All students enrolled in secondary school 3.8 Gross enrolment in secondary school Enrolment ratio Total 48,53 Area Urban 76,93 Rural 33,45 Gender Male 45,21 Female 51,91 Region Metropolitan area 83,83 West 57,50 North 45,03 South 42,37 Transversale 20,91 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 73  3.9 Literacy rate, 15-24 year olds Literacy French or Creole Partly Literate literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 63 22 15 100 1 765 1 972 Area Urban 74 18 9 100 744 1 012 Rural 56 25 19 100 1 021 960 Gender Male 65 21 14 100 835 932 Female 62 22 15 100 920 1 035 Age 15 47 35 18 100 190 211 16 58 25 17 100 194 209 17 66 23 11 100 202 220 18 63 24 13 100 222 239 19 72 16 12 100 168 196 20 65 17 18 100 194 220 21 62 26 13 100 150 169 22 70 17 14 100 156 175 23 67 16 17 100 164 188 24 68 19 12 100 125 145 Highest level No formal education 51 28 21 100 766 775 completed of Incomplete primary 63 23 15 100 378 418 household head Primary 73 18 9 100 152 193 1st cycle secondary 78 18 4 100 184 216 Rheto 84 9 7 100 172 199 Philo/University 89 7 4 100 76 112 Vocational training 74 13 13 100 20 31 Per capita household Lowest income 51 25 24 100 367 377 income, quintiles Low income 56 25 19 100 370 389 Medium income 67 22 11 100 386 404 High income 65 24 11 100 367 436 Highest income 83 12 5 100 275 366 Region Metropolitan area 77 14 9 100 504 753 West 63 24 14 100 354 314 North 58 23 19 100 235 322 South 63 26 11 100 268 340 Transversale 52 27 22 100 404 243 n=All youth (15-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 74 – Fafo-report 2009:53 2 3.10 Literacy rate, males 15-24 year old Literacy French or Creole Partly Literate literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 65 21 14 100 835 932 Area Urban 80 14 6 100 324 451 Rural 54 26 19 100 511 481 Age 15 48 34 18 100 96 108 16 59 21 19 100 95 99 17 70 19 12 100 94 103 18 60 28 12 100 105 112 19 78 11 10 100 71 90 20 70 12 18 100 86 99 21 60 23 16 100 64 70 22 70 19 11 100 76 84 23 72 16 12 100 87 96 24 63 27 11 100 61 71 Highest level No formal education 52 29 20 100 372 373 completed of Incomplete primary 65 21 14 100 195 212 household head Primary 71 20 8 100 71 98 1st cycle secondary 84 12 4 100 76 95 Rheto 87 8 5 100 71 81 Philo/University 92 5 3 100 33 46 Vocational training 78 7 15 100 9 14 Per capita Lowest income 52 24 23 100 163 172 household income, Low income 59 23 18 100 180 195 quintiles Medium income 67 23 11 100 201 211 High income 64 24 12 100 168 190 Highest income 86 10 5 100 123 164 Region Metropolitan area 83 11 6 100 221 338 West 64 25 11 100 169 152 North 57 20 23 100 104 140 South 61 27 12 100 151 188 Transversale 50 26 23 100 190 114 n=All male youth (15-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 75 1  3.11 Literacy rate, females 15-24 year old Literacy French or Creole Literate Partly literate Illiterate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 62 22 15 100 920 1 035 Area Urban 69 20 11 100 410 556 Rural 57 24 19 100 510 479 Age 15 46 36 18 100 92 102 16 57 28 15 100 98 109 17 64 25 11 100 106 116 18 66 20 14 100 118 127 19 66 20 13 100 95 105 20 62 19 19 100 106 120 21 63 28 10 100 85 99 22 69 15 16 100 80 91 23 62 16 23 100 78 92 24 73 12 14 100 64 74 Highest level No formal education 50 27 23 100 386 399 completed of Incomplete primary 60 25 15 100 182 205 household head Primary 75 15 10 100 80 94 1st cycle secondary 73 23 4 100 108 121 Rheto 82 9 8 100 101 118 Philo/University 87 8 5 100 43 66 Vocational training 71 18 12 100 11 17 Per capita household Lowest income 49 25 25 100 203 204 income, quintiles Low income 53 27 20 100 191 194 Medium income 67 21 12 100 184 193 High income 67 23 11 100 198 245 Highest income 82 13 5 100 144 199 Region Metropolitan area 72 15 12 100 274 411 West 61 23 16 100 185 162 North 58 25 17 100 132 182 South 65 26 9 100 116 151 Transversale 53 27 20 100 213 129 n=All female youth (15-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 76 – Fafo-report 2009:53 4 3.12 Ratio of literate females to males, 15-24 year old (MDG) Literacy gender parity index Total ,95 Area Urban ,86 Rural 1,06 Per capita Lowest income ,94 household income, Low income ,90 quintiles Medium income 1,00 High income 1,05 Highest income ,95 Region Metropolitan area ,87 West ,95 North 1,02 South 1,07 Transversale 1,06 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 77  3.13 Highest level of completed education Highest level completed No formal Incomplete 1st cycle Vocational education primary Primary secondary Rheto Philo University training Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 13 49 7 18 10 1 1 0 100 2 756 3 041 Area Urban 7 38 8 25 18 2 2 0 100 1 058 1 454 Rural 17 56 7 14 5 0 0 0 100 1 698 1 587 Gender Male 13 52 7 17 9 1 1 0 100 1 355 1 488 Female 13 47 8 19 10 1 1 0 100 1 392 1 548 Age 10-11 29 70 1 - - - - 0 100 365 392 11-12 18 75 4 2 - - - 0 100 430 458 13-14 11 63 14 12 0 - - - 100 380 423 15-16 5 53 9 26 6 - 0 - 100 398 432 17-18 7 38 9 31 14 0 0 0 100 390 435 19-20 11 26 7 30 22 1 2 1 100 345 391 21-22 10 19 8 27 27 5 4 1 100 323 365 23-24 9 16 9 29 23 6 9 1 100 125 145 Orphanhood Both parents alive 12 51 7 17 10 1 1 0 100 2 084 2 296 Both parents dead 28 32 5 19 13 2 1 0 100 80 97 Only father alive 16 39 12 22 8 1 1 1 100 187 191 Only mother alive 11 44 8 22 11 2 1 0 100 391 435 Parent's presence in Both parents present 12 54 7 17 7 1 1 0 100 1 084 1 161 household No parents present 15 41 8 21 13 1 1 1 100 828 940 Father present only 14 54 10 13 9 1 - - 100 153 168 Mother present only 12 49 7 20 10 1 1 0 100 675 751 Highest level No formal education 20 55 7 12 5 1 0 0 100 1 243 1 254 completed of Incomplete primary 11 57 7 15 8 0 1 0 100 628 678 household head Primary 3 45 17 20 13 2 0 - 100 218 270 1st cycle secondary 7 31 9 39 10 1 3 0 100 267 322 Rheto 6 33 4 27 26 1 2 0 100 243 280 Philo/University 3 27 6 28 20 8 7 - 100 98 142 Vocational training 4 17 10 18 29 - 5 15 100 28 44 Per capita Lowest income 17 58 7 13 4 0 1 0 100 617 635 household income, Low income 16 53 7 16 7 0 0 0 100 593 620 quintiles Medium income 12 51 8 18 8 2 1 0 100 621 632 High income 12 45 7 20 13 1 1 0 100 561 659 Highest income 5 29 9 28 22 2 5 0 100 364 495 Region Metropolitan area 8 33 6 26 19 3 3 1 100 691 1 060 West 10 46 11 22 10 1 0 0 100 546 487 North 15 50 8 16 10 0 1 0 100 384 540 South 8 59 7 18 8 0 1 - 100 422 529 Transversale 23 60 6 9 2 0 0 - 100 713 425 n=All youth (10-24) 2 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 78 – Fafo-report 2009:53  3.14 Current level of enrolment Current level of enrolment 1st cycle Not currently Primary (1st- secondary 2nd cycle secondary Vocational enrolled 6th AF) (7th-9th AF) (3rd Sec-Rheto) Philo University training Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 31 42 13 10 2 1 1 100 2 754 3 037 Area Urban 29 31 17 16 4 2 1 100 1 057 1 451 Rural 32 49 11 7 0 0 0 100 1 697 1 586 Gender Male 29 46 12 10 1 1 1 100 1 353 1 484 Female 33 39 14 10 2 1 1 100 1 391 1 548 Age 10-11 18 82 0 - - - - 100 365 391 11-12 15 79 6 0 - - - 100 430 458 13-14 15 60 22 2 - - - 100 379 423 15-16 20 43 23 13 1 - - 100 398 432 17-18 31 21 23 21 2 0 1 100 390 434 19-20 51 7 14 19 5 2 1 100 345 391 21-22 63 3 7 17 3 4 3 100 323 364 23-24 68 1 5 12 5 8 2 100 125 144 Orphanhood Both parents alive 26 46 14 10 2 1 1 100 2 082 2 292 Both parents dead 64 22 10 4 1 0 - 100 80 98 Only father alive 46 27 13 11 1 1 2 100 187 191 Only mother alive 42 30 14 11 1 1 0 100 391 435 Parent's presence in Both parents present 18 54 15 10 1 1 0 100 1 084 1 161 household No parents present 46 28 11 10 2 1 1 100 828 939 Father present only 30 45 11 11 1 - 2 100 153 167 Mother present only 33 39 14 9 2 1 0 100 674 750 Highest level No formal education 36 47 10 6 1 0 0 100 1 243 1 254 completed of Incomplete primary 28 48 13 8 1 1 0 100 628 678 household head Primary 31 33 19 13 3 - 1 100 218 269 1st cycle secondary 28 31 22 14 2 1 1 100 265 319 Rheto 24 32 15 22 4 2 2 100 243 280 Philo/University 14 28 19 21 4 11 2 100 98 142 Vocational training 24 18 14 33 2 1 8 100 28 44 Per capita Lowest income 34 47 12 6 1 0 1 100 616 634 household income, Low income 32 46 14 6 1 0 0 100 593 619 quintiles Medium income 33 43 12 10 1 0 1 100 620 632 High income 31 41 11 13 2 1 1 100 561 658 Highest income 20 27 21 21 6 4 1 100 364 494 Region Metropolitan area 31 27 16 17 4 3 2 100 690 1 057 West 26 42 17 12 2 0 1 100 546 487 North 34 41 11 11 2 1 1 100 384 540 South 27 49 14 8 1 1 0 100 421 528 Transversale 35 53 8 3 - 0 - 100 713 425 n=All youth (10-24). Fafo-report 2009:53 – 79 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 79 3  3.15 Age of first enrolment in primary school Age when enrolled in primary school 75 Population Mean 25 percentile Median percentile ('000) Sample size Total 7,87 6,00 7,00 9,00 2 522 2 802 Area Urban 7,16 6,00 6,00 8,00 1 005 1 387 Rural 8,34 7,00 8,00 10,00 1 516 1 415 Gender Male 7,86 6,00 7,00 9,00 1 247 1 373 Female 7,87 6,00 7,00 9,00 1 265 1 424 Orphanhood Both parents alive 7,80 6,00 7,00 9,00 1 921 2 139 Both parents dead 7,85 6,00 7,00 9,00 60 76 Only father alive 8,50 6,00 8,00 10,00 164 164 Only mother alive 7,97 6,00 8,00 9,00 363 404 Parent's presence Both parents present 7,74 6,00 7,00 9,00 1 018 1 099 in household No parents present 8,14 6,00 8,00 10,00 726 830 Father present only 8,07 6,00 7,00 10,00 139 155 Mother present only 7,71 6,00 7,00 9,00 625 700 Highest level No formal education 8,29 6,00 8,00 10,00 1 078 1 092 completed of Incomplete primary 7,92 6,00 8,00 9,00 585 635 household head Primary 7,51 6,00 7,00 8,00 211 262 1st cycle secondary 7,42 6,00 7,00 8,00 258 310 Rheto 7,19 6,00 6,00 8,00 236 272 Philo/University 6,92 6,00 6,00 7,00 95 138 Vocational training 7,20 6,00 6,00 8,00 28 42 Per capita Lowest income 8,19 6,00 8,00 10,00 544 557 household Low income 8,08 6,00 8,00 10,00 536 567 income, quintiles Medium income 7,90 6,00 7,00 9,00 572 589 High income 7,70 6,00 7,00 9,00 519 614 Highest income 7,23 6,00 6,00 8,00 351 475 Region Metropolitan area 6,94 6,00 6,00 7,00 652 1 007 West 7,96 6,00 8,00 9,00 509 455 North 7,60 6,00 7,00 9,00 346 479 South 8,06 6,00 8,00 9,00 395 494 Transversale 8,80 7,00 8,00 10,00 618 367 n=All youth (10-24) currently or previously enrolled in school. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 80 – Fafo-report 2009:53 4 3.16 Type of school Type of school Community Religious Public school school Private school school Other Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 32 6 47 15 0 100 1 918 2 149 Area Urban 29 3 58 10 0 100 739 1 058 Rural 34 7 39 19 1 100 1 179 1 091 Gender Male 33 6 45 16 0 100 973 1 085 Female 31 5 48 14 1 100 941 1 061 Age 10-11 21 7 43 27 1 100 320 346 11-12 32 6 42 20 - 100 375 401 13-14 35 7 42 14 1 100 327 363 15-16 36 5 46 13 0 100 319 350 17-18 36 4 50 10 - 100 264 302 19-20 34 2 57 7 - 100 165 204 21-22 30 6 60 3 - 100 110 132 23-24 38 1 60 - 1 100 38 51 Current level of Primary (1st-6th AF) 30 8 41 21 1 100 1 158 1 215 enrolment 1st cycle secondary (7th-9th AF) 38 1 53 7 - 100 370 444 2nd cycle secondary (3rd Sec-Rheto) 28 3 65 4 - 100 279 347 Philo 43 - 53 2 2 100 45 60 University 44 - 51 3 2 100 28 43 Vocational training - - 56 44 - 100 4 4 Orphanhood Both parents alive 32 6 46 15 0 100 1 547 1 715 Both parents dead 43 4 42 12 - 100 29 40 Only father alive 31 2 43 21 4 100 105 111 Only mother alive 33 3 50 13 0 100 225 266 Parent's presence in Both parents present 33 7 44 16 - 100 901 959 household No parents present 32 3 51 13 1 100 447 529 Father present only 36 5 39 21 - 100 108 121 Mother present only 30 5 49 15 1 100 452 525 Highest level No formal education 35 9 39 15 1 100 812 830 completed of Incomplete primary 37 3 42 18 0 100 457 490 household head Primary 24 3 61 12 - 100 148 193 1st cycle secondary 23 3 59 15 0 100 191 235 Rheto 29 3 54 15 - 100 182 211 Philo/University 29 3 61 6 1 100 82 118 Vocational training 20 2 62 15 - 100 19 28 Per capita Lowest income 36 9 39 17 - 100 412 425 household income, Low income 35 6 43 14 1 100 404 439 quintiles Medium income 34 6 41 19 0 100 422 430 High income 30 4 52 15 0 100 389 461 Highest income 24 4 62 10 0 100 290 394 Region Metropolitan area 22 4 66 8 0 100 463 758 West 35 5 43 16 1 100 401 358 North 37 5 46 12 - 100 259 360 South 34 4 43 19 - 100 308 385 Transversale 36 10 34 20 0 100 487 288 n=All youth (10-24) currently enrolled in school. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 81  3.17 Primary language of educational instruction Primary language of instruction in school Creole and French equally Creole French important English Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 26 18 56 0 100 1 898 2 132 Area Urban 21 29 50 0 100 745 1 066 Rural 29 11 59 - 100 1 153 1 066 Current level of Primary (1st-6th AF) 32 10 58 - 100 1 158 1 216 enrolment 1st cycle secondary (7th-9th AF) 18 24 58 - 100 369 443 2nd cycle secondary (3rd Sec-Rheto) 15 35 49 - 100 279 346 Philo 16 39 43 2 100 45 61 University 12 59 29 - 100 29 45 Vocational training 12 26 59 3 100 18 21 Type of school Public school 33 14 53 - 100 596 651 Community school 55 7 38 - 100 103 91 Private school 21 23 56 - 100 888 1 077 Religious school 17 16 67 - 100 285 285 Other 18 67 6 9 100 9 6 Highest level No formal education 33 11 56 - 100 793 812 completed of Incomplete primary 23 16 61 - 100 449 483 household head Primary 25 39 35 - 100 150 195 1st cycle secondary 24 20 56 0 100 190 234 Rheto 12 30 58 - 100 184 214 Philo/University 23 26 50 1 100 83 119 Vocational training 7 38 55 - 100 22 31 Per capita Lowest income 34 13 53 0 100 407 415 household income, Low income 26 14 61 - 100 400 435 quintiles Medium income 29 17 54 - 100 417 429 High income 25 20 55 - 100 385 461 Highest income 13 32 54 0 100 289 392 Region Metropolitan area 22 36 41 0 100 472 769 West 19 11 71 - 100 402 358 North 38 14 49 - 100 252 346 South 19 14 68 - 100 307 383 Transversale 35 12 53 - 100 466 276 n=All youth (10-24) currently enrolled in school. 1 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 82 – Fafo-report 2009:53 3.18 Type of school building Location of school Building Under a constructed Private simple roof for schooling Church house without walls Other Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 81 9 9 1 0 100 1 905 924 Area Urban 84 4 12 - 0 100 798 457 Rural 80 13 6 1 0 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 88 5 6 0 0 100 591 277 Community school 77 11 9 4 - 100 118 45 Private school 81 6 13 1 0 100 873 442 Religious school 73 25 3 - - 100 274 134 Gender Male 82 9 9 0 0 100 955 458 Female 81 9 9 1 0 100 947 465 Age 10-14 79 12 7 1 0 100 878 436 15-19 82 7 11 - 0 100 685 327 20-24 85 5 10 - - 100 341 161 Highest level No formal education 77 12 9 1 0 100 773 342 completed of Incomplete primary 84 8 7 - 0 100 430 202 household head Primary 81 6 13 - - 100 141 76 1st cycle secondary 81 7 12 - - 100 207 104 Rheto 89 4 6 1 - 100 199 107 Philo/University 87 3 10 - - 100 98 60 Vocational training 76 18 7 - - 100 25 13 Per capita Lowest income 76 12 10 1 0 100 391 182 household income, Low income 74 16 9 2 - 100 394 163 quintiles Medium income 87 6 6 - 0 100 420 187 High income 85 6 9 - - 100 403 203 Highest income 85 4 10 - 0 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 84 3 12 - 0 100 541 327 West 79 13 8 0 - 100 392 157 North 87 6 7 - 0 100 263 153 South 93 3 5 - - 100 256 160 Transversale 71 19 8 2 - 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. 2 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 83  3.19 Number of students in class Number of students in class Weighted Mean 25 percentile Median 75 percentile number Sample size Total 41 25 40 52 1 850 891 Area Urban 45 27 40 55 760 433 Rural 39 24 37 50 1 090 458 Type of school Public school 53 35 50 64 580 271 Community school 28 18 24 40 117 44 Private school 38 25 35 50 835 421 Religious school 34 23 33 42 271 131 Gender Male 40 25 40 50 933 445 Female 43 25 40 56 915 445 Age 10-14 37 24 34 49 856 423 15-19 44 26 40 57 661 313 20-24 48 30 40 60 333 155 Highest level No formal education 40 24 40 50 769 339 completed of Incomplete primary 41 24 40 53 412 193 household head Primary 39 25 34 50 140 75 1st cycle secondary 43 25 42 60 194 97 Rheto 44 27 35 50 187 99 Philo/University 45 28 40 57 96 57 Vocational training 44 28 40 50 25 13 Per capita household Lowest income 38 25 35 50 382 179 income, quintiles Low income 39 24 37 50 385 158 Medium income 43 30 40 52 411 183 High income 43 24 40 58 388 192 Highest income 45 29 42 55 284 179 Region Metropolitan area 42 25 38 55 515 308 West 42 24 40 55 384 154 North 48 30 42 59 258 150 South 41 30 42 50 246 153 Transversale 37 20 32 50 448 126 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 84 – Fafo-report 2009:53 3  3.20 Satisfaction with physical standard of school building How satisfied with physical standard of school buildings and facilities Somewhat Somewhat Very Very satisfied satisfied unsatisfied unsatisfied Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 82 11 3 4 100 1 905 924 Area Urban 78 14 3 5 100 798 457 Rural 86 9 3 2 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 85 12 1 3 100 591 277 Community school 84 10 - 6 100 118 45 Private school 80 11 4 5 100 873 442 Religious school 83 10 6 1 100 274 134 Gender Male 84 11 2 3 100 955 458 Female 81 12 4 4 100 947 465 Age 10-14 86 8 4 2 100 878 436 15-19 80 14 2 4 100 685 327 20-24 79 14 2 5 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 78 11 5 5 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 85 10 1 5 100 394 163 Medium income 86 12 1 1 100 420 187 High income 79 13 4 5 100 403 203 Highest income 83 11 4 2 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 77 16 3 4 100 541 327 West 87 6 2 5 100 392 157 North 81 13 2 5 100 263 153 South 86 10 2 2 100 256 160 Transversale 84 10 5 1 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 85 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 4 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 85  3.21 Satisfaction with textbooks How satisfied with textbooks used in school Somewhat Somewhat Very Very satisfied satisfied unsatisfied unsatisfied Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 86 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 90 9 1 1 100 1 905 924 Area Urban 86 12 1 1 100 798 457 Rural 92 6 1 0 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 88 12 0 0 100 591 277 Community school 95 5 - - 100 118 45 Private school 88 9 2 1 100 873 442 Religious school 96 3 - 1 100 274 134 Gender Male 92 7 1 0 100 955 458 Female 88 11 1 1 100 947 465 Age 10-14 96 4 0 1 100 878 436 15-19 85 13 1 1 100 685 327 20-24 84 13 2 1 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 85 13 1 1 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 90 9 1 - 100 394 163 Medium income 96 4 - - 100 420 187 High income 89 9 0 2 100 403 203 Highest income 88 9 2 1 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 85 13 1 1 100 541 327 West 90 8 2 0 100 392 157 North 87 11 0 2 100 263 153 South 91 8 0 - 100 256 160 Transversale 97 3 - - 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 5 I: Tabulation Report 86 – Fafo-report 2009:53  3.22 Satisfaction with teaching quality How satisfied with teachers' knowledge and skills Somewhat Somewhat Very Very satisfied satisfied unsatisfied unsatisfied Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 88 9 2 1 100 1 903 923 Area Urban 86 11 2 1 100 797 456 Rural 89 8 3 0 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 85 11 3 1 100 591 277 Community school 88 10 3 - 100 118 45 Private school 88 10 2 1 100 872 441 Religious school 96 2 2 - 100 274 134 Gender Male 88 10 1 0 100 954 457 Female 87 9 3 1 100 947 465 Age 10-14 94 4 1 0 100 877 435 15-19 86 12 2 1 100 685 327 20-24 76 16 7 1 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 80 15 5 0 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 92 7 1 - 100 393 162 Medium income 91 8 - 1 100 420 187 High income 88 9 3 0 100 403 203 Highest income 87 7 4 1 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 86 12 1 1 100 540 326 West 88 8 4 0 100 392 157 North 85 9 5 1 100 263 153 South 94 4 2 - 100 256 160 Transversale 88 11 1 - 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 87 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 6 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 87  3.23 Satisfaction with treatment in school How satisfied with teachers’ treatment of children Somewhat Somewhat Very Very satisfied satisfied unsatisfied unsatisfied Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 88 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 83 11 4 2 100 1 902 922 Area Urban 79 14 3 3 100 796 455 Rural 86 8 4 2 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 80 13 3 3 100 591 277 Community school 88 11 1 - 100 118 45 Private school 83 12 2 3 100 872 441 Religious school 89 1 9 1 100 273 133 Gender Male 86 9 3 2 100 953 456 Female 80 12 4 3 100 947 465 Age 10-14 88 7 4 1 100 876 434 15-19 81 11 3 4 100 685 327 20-24 74 19 5 2 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 79 13 6 2 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 87 6 2 4 100 393 162 Medium income 86 8 3 3 100 420 187 High income 84 12 3 2 100 402 202 Highest income 79 15 4 1 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 77 17 3 4 100 539 325 West 89 8 3 0 100 392 157 North 78 12 5 5 100 263 153 South 89 6 3 2 100 256 160 Transversale 86 8 5 2 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. 7 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 88 – Fafo-report 2009:53  3.24 Satisfaction with educational output from school How satisfied with knowledge and skills taught in school Very Somewhat Somewhat Very satisfied satisfied unsatisfied unsatisfied Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 91 8 1 0 100 1 903 923 Area Urban 89 9 2 0 100 797 456 Rural 92 7 1 0 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 88 10 2 - 100 591 277 Community school 95 1 4 - 100 118 45 Private school 91 8 1 0 100 872 441 Religious school 94 5 1 - 100 274 134 Gender Male 93 6 1 - 100 954 457 Female 89 9 2 0 100 947 465 Age 10-14 94 5 1 0 100 877 435 15-19 90 8 2 - 100 685 327 20-24 83 15 1 0 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 87 10 3 0 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 95 4 1 - 100 393 162 Medium income 91 9 0 - 100 420 187 High income 90 9 1 1 100 403 203 Highest income 91 6 3 - 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 88 10 1 0 100 540 326 West 92 7 1 0 100 392 157 North 89 6 5 - 100 263 153 South 96 3 1 - 100 256 160 Transversale 91 9 - - 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 89 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 8 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 89  3.25 Satisfaction with values taught in school How satisfied with attitudes and values taught in school Very Somewhat Somewhat Very satisfied satisfied unsatisfied unsatisfied Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 90 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 86 11 2 0 100 1 890 915 Area Urban 83 14 2 1 100 790 451 Rural 88 10 2 0 100 1 099 464 Type of school Public school 83 15 2 0 100 589 275 Community school 78 19 3 - 100 117 43 Private school 88 8 2 1 100 862 437 Religious school 91 8 1 - 100 274 134 Gender Male 89 10 1 0 100 942 451 Female 84 12 3 1 100 945 463 Age 10-14 91 7 1 1 100 863 427 15-19 84 13 2 0 100 685 327 20-24 78 17 4 1 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 78 18 3 1 100 387 179 income, quintiles Low income 91 9 0 - 100 393 162 Medium income 85 12 3 - 100 413 184 High income 88 10 1 1 100 401 202 Highest income 89 6 4 1 100 296 188 Region Metropolitan area 82 14 3 1 100 535 322 West 87 9 3 1 100 392 157 North 86 12 2 0 100 257 151 South 93 6 - 1 100 255 159 Transversale 87 12 1 - 100 452 126 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 9 I: Tabulation Report 90 – Fafo-report 2009:53 3.26 School Inventory: Tables and chairs for students Tables and chairs for all students Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 94 6 100 1 905 924 Area Urban 90 10 100 798 457 Rural 97 3 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 92 8 100 591 277 Community school 98 2 100 118 45 Private school 93 7 100 873 442 Religious school 97 3 100 274 134 Gender Male 94 6 100 955 458 Female 94 6 100 947 465 Age 10-14 97 3 100 878 436 15-19 91 9 100 685 327 20-24 92 8 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 92 8 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 96 4 100 394 163 Medium income 96 4 100 420 187 High income 92 8 100 403 203 Highest income 92 8 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 88 12 100 541 327 West 97 3 100 392 157 North 87 13 100 263 153 South 100 0 100 256 160 Transversale 99 1 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 91 10  3.27 School Inventory: Lavatories Lavatories available for students Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 92 8 100 1 903 923 Area Urban 97 3 100 796 456 Rural 88 12 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 92 8 100 591 277 Community school 77 23 100 118 45 Private school 92 8 100 871 441 Religious school 96 4 100 274 134 Gender Male 92 8 100 953 457 Female 92 8 100 947 465 Age 10-14 91 9 100 878 436 15-19 91 9 100 685 327 20-24 96 4 100 339 160 Per capita household Lowest income 88 12 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 89 11 100 394 163 Medium income 92 8 100 420 187 High income 95 5 100 403 203 Highest income 98 2 100 296 188 Region Metropolitan area 98 2 100 539 326 West 90 10 100 392 157 North 95 5 100 263 153 South 92 8 100 256 160 Transversale 84 16 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 92 – Fafo-report 2009:53 11 3.28 School Inventory: Electricity Electricity in school building Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 45 55 100 1 900 921 Area Urban 71 29 100 794 454 Rural 27 73 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 41 59 100 589 276 Community school 39 61 100 118 45 Private school 52 48 100 871 440 Religious school 35 65 100 274 134 Gender Male 43 57 100 953 457 Female 48 52 100 945 463 Age 10-14 36 64 100 876 434 15-19 48 52 100 683 326 20-24 64 36 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 35 65 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 40 60 100 394 163 Medium income 32 68 100 418 186 High income 55 45 100 402 202 Highest income 71 29 100 296 188 Region Metropolitan area 75 25 100 539 325 West 42 58 100 392 157 North 42 58 100 263 153 South 24 76 100 256 160 Transversale 26 74 100 451 126 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 93 12  3.29 School Inventory: Drinking water Drinking water available for students Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 57 43 100 1 903 923 Area Urban 56 44 100 797 456 Rural 59 41 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 47 53 100 591 277 Community school 50 50 100 118 45 Private school 59 41 100 872 441 Religious school 78 22 100 274 134 Gender Male 57 43 100 955 458 Female 58 42 100 945 464 Age 10-14 60 40 100 878 436 15-19 56 44 100 685 327 20-24 53 47 100 340 160 Per capita household Lowest income 53 47 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 53 47 100 394 163 Medium income 58 42 100 420 187 High income 59 41 100 401 202 Highest income 67 33 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 53 47 100 540 326 West 54 46 100 392 157 North 63 37 100 263 153 South 65 35 100 256 160 Transversale 58 42 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 94 – Fafo-report 2009:53 13 3.30 School Inventory: Water for washing Water for washing available for students Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 70 30 100 1 899 922 Area Urban 79 21 100 793 455 Rural 64 36 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 61 39 100 587 276 Community school 67 33 100 118 45 Private school 74 26 100 872 441 Religious school 80 20 100 274 134 Gender Male 70 30 100 951 457 Female 70 30 100 945 464 Age 10-14 71 29 100 878 436 15-19 70 30 100 685 327 20-24 70 30 100 336 159 Per capita household Lowest income 66 34 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 69 31 100 394 163 Medium income 67 33 100 420 187 High income 72 28 100 397 201 Highest income 83 17 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 77 23 100 536 325 West 65 35 100 392 157 North 80 20 100 263 153 South 71 29 100 256 160 Transversale 61 39 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 95 14  3.31 School Inventory: Library Library available for students Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 33 67 100 1 889 915 Area Urban 44 56 100 786 450 Rural 24 76 100 1 103 465 Type of school Public school 36 64 100 591 277 Community school 17 83 100 118 44 Private school 34 66 100 870 439 Religious school 31 69 100 262 129 Gender Male 27 73 100 944 453 Female 38 62 100 942 461 Age 10-14 23 77 100 863 427 15-19 38 62 100 685 327 20-24 44 56 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 23 77 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 26 74 100 392 162 Medium income 30 70 100 409 183 High income 40 60 100 401 201 Highest income 48 52 100 296 187 Region Metropolitan area 50 50 100 529 320 West 28 72 100 392 157 North 31 69 100 261 152 South 25 75 100 255 159 Transversale 22 78 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 96 – Fafo-report 2009:53 15 3.32 School Inventory: Playground Playground available for students Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 70 30 100 1 905 924 Area Urban 65 35 100 798 457 Rural 74 26 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 77 23 100 591 277 Community school 62 38 100 118 45 Private school 65 35 100 873 442 Religious school 77 23 100 274 134 Gender Male 73 27 100 955 458 Female 67 33 100 947 465 Age 10-14 75 25 100 878 436 15-19 66 34 100 685 327 20-24 63 37 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 71 29 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 69 31 100 394 163 Medium income 78 22 100 420 187 High income 67 33 100 403 203 Highest income 62 38 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 67 33 100 541 327 West 63 37 100 392 157 North 76 24 100 263 153 South 67 33 100 256 160 Transversale 77 23 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 97 16  3.33 School Inventory: Computers Computers available for students Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 20 80 100 1 890 912 Area Urban 35 65 100 786 447 Rural 9 91 100 1 104 465 Type of school Public school 15 85 100 588 275 Community school 7 93 100 117 43 Private school 28 72 100 864 436 Religious school 9 91 100 273 132 Gender Male 18 82 100 947 450 Female 22 78 100 941 461 Age 10-14 11 89 100 868 427 15-19 22 78 100 681 324 20-24 40 60 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 10 90 100 386 178 income, quintiles Low income 11 89 100 389 160 Medium income 18 82 100 417 185 High income 21 79 100 402 202 Highest income 47 53 100 296 187 Region Metropolitan area 41 59 100 532 318 West 16 84 100 392 157 North 19 81 100 262 152 South 9 91 100 256 160 Transversale 6 94 100 448 125 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 98 – Fafo-report 2009:53 17  3.34 Access to textbooks needed in school Access to all textbooks needed Yes, I own No, I only have No, I do not some and access to some have access to Yes, I own all borrow some Yes, I borrow all books any books Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 44 44 3 7 2 100 1 903 921 Area Urban 48 40 2 8 2 100 797 454 Rural 40 47 4 7 2 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 40 46 4 8 3 100 591 277 Community school 38 48 3 10 2 100 118 45 Private school 45 44 3 7 1 100 871 439 Religious school 50 37 5 6 2 100 274 134 Age 10-14 47 39 4 8 2 100 878 435 15-19 39 50 3 6 2 100 685 327 20-24 44 45 1 8 2 100 340 159 Per capita household Lowest income 31 49 5 12 3 100 391 182 income, i quintiles Low income 31 53 5 9 2 100 394 162 Medium income 50 41 2 5 1 100 419 186 High income 53 36 2 7 2 100 402 202 Highest income 54 41 2 3 1 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 48 38 3 8 3 100 540 324 West 35 48 4 11 2 100 392 157 North 40 49 2 8 1 100 263 153 South 46 41 3 8 2 100 256 160 Transversale 45 47 4 2 1 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 99 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 18 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 99  3.35 School feeding Receives milk or food at school Yes, solid Yes, but Yes, milk food only milk and food No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 27 1 2 70 100 1 900 923 Area Urban 18 1 2 79 100 798 457 Rural 33 1 2 64 100 1 102 466 Type of school Public school 23 0 3 74 100 591 277 Community school 33 - 2 64 100 118 45 Private school 20 1 1 78 100 868 441 Religious school 55 2 3 40 100 274 134 Gender Male 29 1 2 68 100 950 457 Female 25 1 2 73 100 947 465 Age 10-14 38 2 1 59 100 874 435 15-19 21 0 3 76 100 685 327 20-24 11 - 1 88 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 33 0 2 64 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 29 - 2 69 100 394 163 Medium income 32 3 1 65 100 420 187 High income 22 2 2 74 100 398 202 Highest income 14 - 2 84 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 12 2 2 84 100 541 327 West 29 1 1 69 100 392 157 North 45 2 3 50 100 263 153 South 23 - 3 74 100 256 160 Transversale 34 - 2 64 100 448 126 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. 19 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 100 – Fafo-report 2009:53  3.36 Teacher's presence last week Number of days teacher present last week Not present 1day 2days 3days 4days All days Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 1 2 2 5 3 86 100 1 895 917 Area Urban 0 3 2 7 6 83 100 792 452 Rural 2 1 2 5 2 89 100 1 103 465 Type of school Public school 2 0 5 4 4 85 100 588 275 Community school 2 4 - 8 5 82 100 118 45 Private school 1 3 1 6 2 88 100 869 439 Religious school 1 0 0 6 3 90 100 271 132 Gender Male 1 2 1 4 3 89 100 952 456 Female 1 2 3 7 4 84 100 940 460 Age 10-14 1 2 1 6 3 87 100 873 432 15-19 1 1 4 5 2 87 100 682 325 20-24 2 2 1 5 7 83 100 340 160 Per capita household Lowest income 2 3 3 7 4 80 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 1 1 3 6 2 86 100 387 159 Medium income 1 - 3 7 4 87 100 418 186 High income 1 2 1 2 4 91 100 401 201 Highest income 0 4 1 5 3 87 100 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 0 4 2 7 6 80 100 536 322 West 3 1 - 2 1 92 100 392 157 North 1 1 8 3 4 83 100 263 153 South 0 - 1 3 4 91 100 254 159 Transversale 1 1 1 9 1 88 100 451 126 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 101 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 20 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 101  3.37 Teacher sometimes away for more than a week Teacher away for more than a week continuously Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 32 68 100 1 897 920 Area Urban 31 69 100 790 453 Rural 33 67 100 1 107 467 Type of school Public school 38 62 100 589 275 Community school 23 77 100 118 45 Private school 32 68 100 870 441 Religious school 23 77 100 272 133 Gender Male 34 66 100 955 458 Female 30 70 100 939 461 Age 10-14 29 71 100 871 432 15-19 36 64 100 685 327 20-24 31 69 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 36 64 100 391 182 income, quintiles Low income 32 68 100 394 163 Medium income 31 69 100 418 186 High income 30 70 100 403 203 Highest income 30 70 100 292 186 Region Metropolitan area 31 69 100 533 323 West 31 69 100 392 157 North 41 59 100 263 153 South 24 76 100 256 160 Transversale 33 67 100 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 102 – Fafo-report 2009:53 21 3.38 Substitute teacher when teacher is away Get substitute when teacher is away Yes, Yes, always sometimes No, never Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 42 18 39 100 1 889 917 Area Urban 38 19 42 100 792 453 Rural 45 18 37 100 1 097 464 Type of school Public school 29 21 50 100 588 276 Community school 55 12 33 100 112 43 Private school 43 20 37 100 867 438 Religious school 63 12 24 100 274 134 Gender Male 45 19 36 100 944 454 Female 40 18 42 100 942 462 Age 10-14 48 19 33 100 871 432 15-19 37 17 45 100 677 324 20-24 38 17 44 100 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 40 22 38 100 389 181 income, quintiles Low income 45 20 35 100 394 163 Medium income 55 15 30 100 420 187 High income 32 17 51 100 393 199 Highest income 38 17 44 100 294 187 Region Metropolitan area 36 23 42 100 535 323 West 45 13 42 100 392 157 North 39 15 46 100 263 153 South 41 21 38 100 256 160 Transversale 51 19 31 100 443 124 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. 22 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 103  3.39 Feeling of security when at school Sometimes Sometimes Sometimes scared of people Scared that that Always feels scared of scared of around school building will fall Scared for other safe at school teachers students area down reasons Total 104 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Population ('000) Sample size Total 89 4 3 4 4 2 1 903 923 Area Urban 84 4 4 6 10 5 797 456 Rural 93 3 3 3 0 1 1 107 467 Gender Male 91 3 3 3 4 2 954 457 Female 87 4 3 5 4 3 947 465 Age 10-14 91 5 3 3 2 2 877 435 15-19 86 3 3 6 6 3 685 327 20-24 89 3 2 5 5 2 341 161 Per capita household Lowest income 88 4 4 5 2 2 389 181 income, quintiles Low income 93 2 2 1 2 0 394 163 Medium income 89 4 3 5 4 1 420 187 High income 86 5 4 8 6 5 403 203 Highest income 89 4 3 2 8 4 298 189 Region Metropolitan area 80 5 4 8 12 7 540 326 West 94 2 1 2 0 2 392 157 North 90 2 6 2 4 - 263 153 South 88 6 5 6 1 - 256 160 Transversale 96 5 0 2 - - 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Multiple response, total may add up to more than 100. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 23 I: Tabulation Report 104 – Fafo-report 2009:53  3.40 Feeling of security on the way to school Always feels safe at Afraid of kidnappers or when travelling to Afraid of harassment criminals along the Afraid of traffic along Afraid for other reason school along the school route school route the school route along the school route Total Population ('000) Sample size Total 82 12 7 6 2 1 905 924 Area Urban 72 19 15 9 4 798 457 Rural 89 7 2 3 0 1 107 467 Gender Male 84 10 5 5 1 955 458 Female 80 14 10 6 2 947 465 Age 10-14 89 8 4 3 1 878 436 15-19 76 15 11 7 3 685 327 20-24 75 15 6 12 2 341 161 Per capita Lowest income 78 14 3 9 1 391 182 household income, Low income 87 7 3 3 2 394 163 quintiles Medium income 87 10 3 2 2 420 187 High income 78 17 13 9 1 403 203 Highest income 76 11 16 7 3 298 189 Region M t etropolitan area 64 25 20 11 6 541 327 West 90 6 1 3 - 392 157 North 81 17 3 4 1 263 153 South 90 7 1 2 1 256 160 Transversale 91 2 2 5 - 453 127 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) currently enrolled. Multiple response, total may add up to more than 100. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 105 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 24 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 105  3.41 Importance of education How important you think education is for finding job Very Somewhat important important Not important Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 96 2 1 100 2 702 1 320 Area Urban 95 3 1 100 1 164 641 Rural 97 2 2 100 1 538 679 Gender Male 97 2 2 100 1 310 614 Female 96 3 1 100 1 381 704 Age 10-14 99 1 0 100 934 465 15-19 98 1 0 100 873 426 20-24 92 5 4 100 895 429 Per capita household Lowest income 94 4 2 100 564 263 income, quintiles Low income 95 3 2 100 585 245 Medium income 97 2 2 100 602 266 High income 98 2 0 100 568 297 Highest income 98 2 0 100 383 249 Region Metropolitan area 96 2 2 100 835 474 West 97 3 - 100 537 222 North 98 1 0 100 368 222 South 98 1 1 100 327 217 Transversale 93 3 3 100 635 185 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). 25 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 106 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Chapter 4 Labour Force Main findings Fifty-nine percent of the Haitian population is between fully employed compared to only half in rural areas. 15 and 64 years of age, and as such defined as within Around half the economically active youth have per- working age according to the ILO definition. A higher manent jobs, while one in three jobs are considered share of urban (67 percent) than rural (55 percent) seasonal work. Twenty percent of jobs had been ob- inhabitants are in the working age population. The tained by asking family and friends and, in addition, Transversale region has the lowest population share 12 percent were brokered by such acquaintances. within the considered working age. The overwhelming majority of youth carry out un- Following the standard definition of unemploy- paid domestic work. The share of female youth carry- ment, 35 percent of youth between 15-24 years old ing out domestic work is higher than the share of male are unemployed. Unemployment is much higher in youth (99 compared to 90 percent), and girls also spend urban areas and among women. Applying the relaxed more time on domestic work. definition of unemployment (including jobless people who are not active job seekers), the unemployment rate rises to 51 percent. Relaxing the definition raises unemployment rates in rural areas by 21 percentage Definitions points, compared to an increase of only 10 percentage points in urban areas. The Haiti Youth Survey uses the standard framework Sixty-six percent of young men, and 77 percent of the International Labour Organization (ILO). The of young women, 15-24 years old, are not part of the population is divided into four mutually exclusive official labour force, meaning that they are neither categories: employed, unemployed, economically inactive, working nor actively seeking work. The labour force and below working age. Below working age is defined participation is slightly lower in the rural areas. as all persons younger than 15 years at the time of the Among the young men and women participating survey. While the Haiti Youth Survey has collected in the labour force, almost one-third are working in data on the economic activities of children down to commerce and another one-third are employed in the age of 10, we have chosen 15 as the age limit due agriculture. More than half of the 15-24 year olds are to the very low proportion of people under 15 who are self-employed, with an additional 17 percent working economically active. in a family business. The working age population is classified as employed, Eighteen percent of all youth (10-24 years old) unemployed, or outside the labour force, based on the had participated in income generating activities, the respondent’s activities during the last seven days be- number sharply increasing by age to 40 percent among fore the interview (the so-called “reference period”). A 20-24 years old. Fifty-eight percent of them are cur- person who either worked for at least one hour during rently economically active, constituting 11 percent of the reference period, or was temporarily absent from all youth. Sixty percent of those currently economically work (e.g. due to illness, holidays, or maternity leave), active work full time. In urban areas, three in four are is classified as employed. A person who did not work Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 107  at least one hour during the reference period, was not temporarily absent from work, and was actively seek- ing work, is classified as unemployed. The sum of the employed and unemployed persons makes up the eco- nomically active population, or the labour force. Persons that cannot be classified as either employed or unemployed (i.e. those persons that did not work and did not actively seek work during the reference period) are classified as economically inactive, or out- side the labour force. Being classified as economically inactive does not mean that a person is idle, but that this person’s activities do not involve the sale of labour, or the production of goods and services for sale. For example, a large part of those classified as “economi- cally inactive” are women, many of whom are involved in activities such as child rearing and domestic work. Based on the classification above, two important in- dicators are calculated: the unemployment rate, which is defined as the number of unemployed persons divided by the number of economically active persons, and the labour force participation rate, which is defined as the economically active population divided by the working age population. As mentioned above, the definition of unemploy- ment is based on three criteria to be satisfied simultane- ously: ‘without work,’ ‘currently available for work,’ and ‘seeking work.’ Persons who satisfy the first two criteria, but not the third – i.e. are not actively seeking work during the reference period – are classified as discour- aged workers. We present two unemployment rates: the standard unemployment rate, where discouraged workers are classified as economically inactive, and the relaxed unemployment rate, where discouraged work- ers are classified as unemployed. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 108 – Fafo-report 2009:53 4.1 Working age population (15-64 years old) Person in 15-64 working age group Not in working In working age age Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 41 59 100 8 374 9 006 Area Urban 33 67 100 3 039 4 100 Rural 45 55 100 5 335 4 906 Gender Male 43 57 100 4 049 4 370 Female 39 61 100 4 300 4 622 Highest level No formal education 61 39 100 3 579 3 518 completed Incomplete primary 46 54 100 2 415 2 556 Primary 13 87 100 447 515 1st cycle secondary 5 95 100 819 980 Rheto 1 99 100 707 871 Philo 1 99 100 124 164 University 2 98 100 180 258 Vocational training 6 94 100 55 73 Per capita household Lowest income 48 52 100 1 900 1 912 income, quintiles Low income 46 54 100 1 834 1 836 Medium income 40 60 100 1 777 1 798 High income 38 62 100 1 657 1 886 Highest income 27 73 100 1 207 1 574 Region Metropolitan area 30 70 100 1 916 2 920 West 41 59 100 1 666 1 494 North 42 58 100 1 131 1 602 South 41 59 100 1 249 1 556 Transversale 48 52 100 2 412 1 434 n=All population. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 109 2  4.2 Labor force participation rate Labor force participation In the labor Not in the force labor force Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 28 72 100 1 773 1 982 Area Urban 30 70 100 746 1 017 Rural 27 73 100 1 027 965 Gender Male 34 66 100 839 936 Female 23 77 100 924 1 041 Age 15-17 9 91 100 589 645 18-24 38 62 100 1 184 1 337 Highest level No formal education 44 56 100 152 146 completed Incomplete primary 29 71 100 643 646 Primary 26 74 100 162 183 1st cycle secondary 22 78 100 477 563 Rheto 26 74 100 270 344 Philo 45 55 100 29 37 University 44 56 100 32 49 Vocational training 55 45 100 7 11 Per capita household Lowest income 28 72 100 369 379 income, quintiles Low income 30 70 100 371 390 Medium income 26 74 100 388 405 High income 34 66 100 370 440 Highest income 23 77 100 276 368 Region Metropolitan area 33 67 100 506 757 West 21 79 100 355 316 North 25 75 100 235 322 South 27 73 100 270 342 Transversale 31 69 100 407 245 n=All youth (15-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 110 – Fafo-report 2009:53 3 4.3 Labor force participation rate, male youth Labor force participation In the labor Not in the force labor force Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 34 66 100 839 936 Area Urban 35 65 100 325 453 Rural 33 67 100 514 483 Age 15-17 10 90 100 286 312 18-24 46 54 100 553 624 Highest level No formal education 48 52 100 63 61 completed Incomplete primary 32 68 100 325 325 Primary 32 68 100 71 81 1st cycle secondary 28 72 100 222 260 Rheto 35 65 100 125 163 Philo 59 41 100 15 17 University 53 47 100 16 23 Vocational training 78 22 100 2 5 Per capita household Lowest income 33 67 100 163 172 income, quintiles Low income 30 70 100 180 195 Medium income 34 66 100 204 212 High income 42 58 100 170 193 Highest income 27 73 100 123 164 Region Metropolitan area 36 64 100 222 339 West 27 73 100 169 153 North 34 66 100 104 140 South 33 67 100 152 189 Transversale 36 64 100 193 115 n=All male youth (15-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 111 4  4.4 Labor force participation rate, female youth Labor force participation In the labor Not in the force labor force Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 23 77 100 924 1 041 Area Urban 26 74 100 411 559 Rural 22 78 100 513 482 Age 15-17 8 92 100 298 330 18-24 31 69 100 626 711 Highest level No formal education 38 62 100 84 83 completed Incomplete primary 26 74 100 315 319 Primary 22 78 100 89 101 1st cycle secondary 17 83 100 255 303 Rheto 18 82 100 145 181 Philo 31 69 100 15 20 University 35 65 100 16 26 Vocational training 42 58 100 4 6 Per capita household Lowest income 24 76 100 205 206 income, quintiles Low income 29 71 100 191 195 Medium income 17 83 100 184 193 High income 27 73 100 198 246 Highest income 18 82 100 145 201 Region Metropolitan area 31 69 100 275 414 West 15 85 100 186 163 North 18 82 100 132 182 South 20 80 100 117 152 Transversale 27 73 100 214 130 n=All female youth (15-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 112 – Fafo-report 2009:53 5  4.5 Employment by industry Type of occupation Agriculture/ Utilities Domestic Formal fishing Commerce Construction maintenance service sector Transport Other Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 31 30 8 6 4 4 3 14 100 326 357 Area Urban 2 34 10 10 6 8 3 25 100 124 161 Rural 48 27 7 4 3 1 3 6 100 202 196 Gender Male 43 9 13 8 - 4 5 18 100 193 215 Female 13 60 2 3 10 4 - 7 100 133 142 Age 15-17 31 32 11 8 8 - 2 7 100 34 41 18-24 30 30 8 6 4 5 3 14 100 292 316 Highest level No formal education 44 43 11 - 2 - - 1 100 46 42 completed Incomplete primary 44 33 8 3 5 - 5 3 100 138 138 Primary 33 22 11 3 12 - 4 15 100 31 32 1st cycle secondary 10 28 12 12 3 6 0 29 100 60 76 Rheto 7 22 6 17 - 21 2 25 100 32 42 Philo - 22 - 2 6 9 - 61 100 9 11 University - - - 22 - 20 6 51 100 7 11 Vocational training - - - 20 - 29 - 51 100 3 4 Per capita household Lowest income 39 27 12 5 2 1 2 12 100 57 61 income, quintiles Low income 35 43 3 3 3 3 4 5 100 77 71 Medium income 36 20 4 7 6 3 5 19 100 74 79 High income 26 33 8 9 3 6 0 15 100 77 86 Highest income 8 21 21 7 9 10 5 19 100 41 60 Region Metropolitan area - 34 9 10 6 12 3 28 100 89 126 West 36 36 5 4 3 - 7 10 100 39 37 North 43 24 2 12 6 - 4 9 100 43 60 South 35 27 17 4 4 5 - 8 100 61 77 Transversale 48 28 7 3 3 - 4 7 100 95 57 n=All employed youth (15-24). Fafo-report 2009:53 – 113 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 6 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 113  4.6 Employment by employer Employer Public Self- Private Family Private company/ employed company business household administration NGO Other Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 54 17 11 8 4 2 4 100 326 356 114 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Area Urban 35 29 12 11 5 2 6 100 124 160 Rural 66 10 11 7 3 1 3 100 202 196 Gender Male 49 21 11 6 4 3 6 100 192 214 Female 61 12 11 11 3 1 1 100 133 142 Age 15-17 43 18 22 13 - 2 2 100 34 41 18-24 55 17 10 8 4 2 4 100 292 315 Highest level No formal education 59 22 4 3 3 1 7 100 46 42 completed Incomplete primary 64 11 14 10 1 - 1 100 138 138 Primary 61 7 9 12 3 - 8 100 31 32 1st cycle secondary 43 26 9 10 7 4 1 100 60 76 Rheto 36 28 15 3 8 4 5 100 32 41 Philo 23 30 20 9 - 18 - 100 9 11 University - 17 12 - 20 - 51 100 7 11 Vocational training 67 20 - - 14 - - 100 3 4 Per capita Lowest income 55 16 18 4 3 - 5 100 57 61 household income, Low income 69 13 10 4 - 1 3 100 77 71 quintiles Medium income 47 20 11 9 3 3 6 100 74 78 High income 56 18 7 6 8 3 2 100 77 86 Highest income 35 22 11 23 6 1 3 100 41 60 Region Metropolitan area 33 34 9 7 8 3 6 100 89 125 West 80 9 5 6 - - - 100 39 37 North 61 5 23 6 - - 5 100 43 60 South 56 15 8 10 3 2 6 100 61 77 Transversale 59 11 13 9 4 2 2 100 95 57 n=All employed youth (15-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 114 – Fafo-report 2009:53 7 4.7 Hours worked last week Number of hours worked last week in main job Weighted Mean 25 percentile Median 75 percentile number Sample size Total 23 8 15 36 321 350 Area Urban 27 8 20 42 121 157 Rural 22 7 13 32 200 193 Gender Male 24 8 14 40 191 212 Female 23 8 16 32 130 138 Age 15-17 22 6 15 30 34 40 18-24 24 8 15 36 287 310 Highest level No formal education 26 7 17 36 46 42 completed Incomplete primary 24 8 20 36 136 134 Primary 23 7 10 40 31 32 1st cycle secondary 23 8 12 35 60 76 Rheto 22 9 13 25 29 40 Philo 20 5 12 42 9 11 University 21 4 9 25 7 11 Vocational training 7 1 1 12 2 3 Type of occupation Agriculture/fishing 24 7 17 36 98 89 Commerce 24 8 20 30 96 103 Construction 27 8 24 48 27 30 Utilities maintenance 20 6 9 16 20 31 Domestic service 28 8 12 40 14 18 Formal sector 20 9 24 25 11 17 Transport 17 8 12 21 10 11 Other 23 6 10 42 44 51 Per capita household Lowest income 17 6 9 20 57 61 income, quintiles Low income 24 9 20 30 76 70 Medium income 26 7 14 42 74 79 High income 24 8 15 35 73 81 Highest income 25 8 16 42 40 59 Region Metropolitan area 27 8 21 48 87 123 West 22 8 12 35 39 37 North 22 8 12 35 41 57 South 23 8 21 30 61 77 Transversale 21 6 10 40 93 56 n=All employed youth (15-24). 8 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 115  4.8 Unemployment (ILO definition) Labor force status Employed Unemployed Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 65 35 100 503 548 Area Urban 56 44 100 223 288 Rural 72 28 100 279 260 Gender Male 68 32 100 282 309 Female 62 38 100 216 237 Age 15-17 65 35 100 53 58 18-24 65 35 100 450 490 Highest level No formal education 69 31 100 67 58 completed Incomplete primary 75 25 100 185 181 Primary 75 25 100 42 46 1st cycle secondary 56 44 100 106 125 Rheto 46 54 100 70 90 Philo 67 33 100 13 18 University 49 51 100 14 22 Vocational training 73 27 100 4 6 Per capita household Lowest income 55 45 100 103 107 income, quintiles Low income 70 30 100 110 104 Medium income 75 25 100 100 108 High income 61 39 100 126 143 Highest income 64 36 100 64 86 Region Metropolitan area 53 47 100 169 230 West 53 47 100 73 70 North 72 28 100 60 81 South 83 17 100 74 93 Transversale 75 25 100 127 74 n=All economically active youth (15-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 116 – Fafo-report 2009:53 9 4.9 Unemployment (relaxed definition) Labor force status Employed Unemployed Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 49 51 100 666 727 Area Urban 46 54 100 271 355 Rural 51 49 100 395 372 Gender Male 54 46 100 357 388 Female 44 56 100 304 337 Age 15-17 37 63 100 93 95 18-24 51 49 100 573 632 Highest level No formal education 55 45 100 83 75 completed Incomplete primary 57 43 100 241 237 Primary 58 42 100 54 62 1st cycle secondary 39 61 100 155 178 Rheto 34 66 100 94 120 Philo 55 45 100 16 20 University 45 55 100 15 24 Vocational training 47 53 100 6 9 Per capita household Lowest income 37 63 100 152 157 income, quintiles Low income 54 46 100 142 141 Medium income 54 46 100 138 147 High income 51 49 100 152 177 Highest income 50 50 100 81 105 Region Metropolitan area 44 56 100 202 282 West 35 65 100 111 105 North 51 49 100 85 118 South 65 35 100 94 119 Transversale 55 45 100 173 103 n=All economically active youth (15-24), including discouraged workers. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 117 10  4.10 Economic activity of children Economic activity of children Working Not working Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 2 98 100 979 1 056 Area Urban 1 99 100 310 434 Rural 3 97 100 669 622 Gender Male 2 98 100 514 550 Female 3 97 100 465 506 Age 10 1 99 100 204 207 11 1 99 100 157 182 12 5 95 100 208 221 13 2 98 100 222 237 14 2 98 100 188 209 Current school Attending school 1 99 100 855 924 attendance Not attending school 17 83 100 50 53 Orphanhood Both parents alive 2 98 100 822 879 Both parents dead 9 91 100 20 24 Only father alive 1 99 100 46 48 Only mother alive 1 99 100 88 99 Parent's presence in Both parents present 2 98 100 477 500 household No parents present 4 96 100 188 213 Father present only 1 99 100 60 64 Mother present only 3 97 100 252 275 Per capita household Lowest income 4 96 100 247 256 income, quintiles Low income 3 97 100 221 229 Medium income 2 98 100 233 228 High income 1 99 100 188 216 Highest income 1 99 100 89 127 Region Metropolitan area 1 99 100 184 300 West 1 99 100 190 171 North 4 96 100 148 219 South 2 98 100 152 187 Transversale 4 96 100 304 179 n=All children (10-14). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 118 – Fafo-report 2009:53 11 4.11 Economic activity of children, urban Economic activity of children Working Not working Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 1 99 100 310 434 Gender Male 1 99 100 149 202 Female 1 99 100 161 232 Age 10 - 100 100 66 82 11 1 99 100 60 90 12 1 99 100 58 84 13 1 99 100 71 99 14 1 99 100 55 79 Current school Attending school 1 99 100 278 396 attendance Not attending school 4 96 100 18 22 Per capita household Lowest income - 100 100 47 57 income, quintiles Low income - 100 100 52 69 Medium income 0 100 100 59 80 High income 1 99 100 90 131 Highest income 2 98 100 61 97 Region Metropolitan area 1 99 100 184 300 West - 100 100 17 17 North - 100 100 56 72 South - 100 100 17 22 Transversale - 100 100 37 23 n=All urban children (10-14). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 119 12  4.12 Economic activity of children, rural Economic activity of children Working Not working Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 3 97 100 669 622 Gender Male 2 98 100 365 348 Female 4 96 100 304 274 Age 10 2 98 100 138 125 11 0 100 100 97 92 12 6 94 100 151 137 13 3 97 100 151 138 14 3 97 100 132 130 Current school Attending school 2 98 100 577 528 attendance Not attending school 25 75 100 32 31 Per capita household Lowest income 4 96 100 200 199 income, quintiles Low income 4 96 100 169 160 Medium income 2 98 100 175 148 High income 1 99 100 97 85 Highest income - 100 100 28 30 Region West 1 99 100 173 154 North 6 94 100 92 147 South 2 98 100 136 165 Transversale 4 96 100 267 156 n=All rural children (10-14). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 120 – Fafo-report 2009:53 13 4.13 Conducting domestic tasks Regularly conducting domestic tasks Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 94 6 100 2 754 1 343 Area Urban 93 7 100 1 183 649 Rural 95 5 100 1 571 694 Gender Male 90 10 100 1 340 628 Female 99 1 100 1 402 713 Age 10-14 95 5 100 975 483 15-19 97 3 100 877 429 20-24 92 8 100 901 431 Per capita household Lowest income 94 6 100 594 276 income, quintiles Low income 93 7 100 591 247 Medium income 95 5 100 611 269 High income 95 5 100 573 301 Highest income 95 5 100 385 250 Region Metropolitan area 93 7 100 847 479 West 98 2 100 542 225 North 94 6 100 373 227 South 97 3 100 330 220 Transversale 93 7 100 663 192 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 121 14  4.14 Cooking Cooking Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 81 19 100 2 584 1 276 Area Urban 80 20 100 1 087 610 Rural 81 19 100 1 497 666 Gender Male 72 28 100 1 198 576 Female 88 12 100 1 373 698 Age 10-14 67 33 100 919 461 15-19 88 12 100 847 413 20-24 89 11 100 817 402 Per capita household Lowest income 82 18 100 560 262 income, quintiles Low income 80 20 100 541 232 Medium income 80 20 100 581 259 High income 85 15 100 539 283 Highest income 76 24 100 362 240 Region Metropolitan area 83 17 100 771 450 West 82 18 100 529 218 North 78 22 100 345 211 South 75 25 100 321 214 Transversale 82 18 100 618 183 n=All selected indviduals (10-24), carrying out domestic task. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 122 – Fafo-report 2009:53 15 4.15 Fetching water Fetching water Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 84 16 100 2 559 1 258 Area Urban 70 30 100 1 061 591 Rural 95 5 100 1 497 667 Gender Male 87 13 100 1 190 572 Female 82 18 100 1 357 684 Age 10-14 89 11 100 916 456 15-19 80 20 100 840 410 20-24 84 16 100 803 392 Per capita household Lowest income 89 11 100 554 260 income, quintiles Low income 90 10 100 539 230 Medium income 88 12 100 582 259 High income 83 17 100 526 273 Highest income 66 34 100 358 236 Region Metropolitan area 63 37 100 747 432 West 95 5 100 529 218 North 87 13 100 343 211 South 92 8 100 321 214 Transversale 96 4 100 618 183 n=All selected indviduals (10-24), carrying out domestic task. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 123 16  4.16 Collecting firewood Collecting firewood Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 66 34 100 2 471 1 210 Area Urban 46 54 100 987 550 Rural 79 21 100 1 483 660 Gender Male 66 34 100 1 145 545 Female 66 34 100 1 314 663 Age 10-14 69 31 100 884 440 15-19 67 33 100 788 389 20-24 60 40 100 798 381 Per capita household Lowest income 82 18 100 555 259 income, quintiles Low income 72 28 100 523 226 Medium income 70 30 100 564 249 High income 55 45 100 496 258 Highest income 39 61 100 333 218 Region Metropolitan area 40 60 100 686 400 West 74 26 100 513 209 North 68 32 100 340 208 South 75 25 100 314 210 Transversale 82 18 100 618 183 n=All selected indviduals (10-24), carrying out domestic task. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 124 – Fafo-report 2009:53 17 4.17 Care for children Care for children Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 40 60 100 2 469 1 183 Area Urban 32 68 100 1 024 558 Rural 46 54 100 1 445 625 Gender Male 29 71 100 1 136 528 Female 50 50 100 1 322 653 Age 10-14 37 63 100 881 427 15-19 36 64 100 812 386 20-24 48 52 100 776 370 Per capita household Lowest income 49 51 100 552 255 income, quintiles Low income 40 60 100 525 223 Medium income 36 64 100 557 239 High income 38 62 100 505 253 Highest income 37 63 100 329 213 Region Metropolitan area 32 68 100 727 414 West 39 61 100 504 200 North 34 66 100 338 203 South 43 57 100 299 194 Transversale 52 48 100 602 172 n=All selected indviduals (10-24), carrying out domestic task. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 125 18  4.18 Hours spent on domestic tasks per week Hours spent on domestic tasks per week Weighted Mean 25 percentile Median 75 percentile number Sample size Total 14 7 12 21 2 549 1 243 Area Urban 14 6 10 21 1 055 579 Rural 14 7 12 21 1 493 664 Gender Male 12 6 8 14 1 186 566 Female 17 7 14 21 1 351 675 Age 10-14 13 7 10 14 921 456 15-19 15 7 10 21 829 400 20-24 16 7 14 21 799 387 Per capita household Lowest income 17 7 14 21 550 258 income, quintiles Low income 14 7 10 20 542 229 Medium income 14 7 10 21 572 253 High income 14 7 14 15 536 278 Highest income 12 5 7 16 349 225 Region Metropolitan area 14 6 10 21 735 418 West 13 6 10 21 527 217 North 16 7 14 21 349 212 South 13 6 10 14 321 214 Transversale 16 7 14 21 617 182 n=All selected indviduals (10-24), carrying out domestic task. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 126 – Fafo-report 2009:53 19 4.19 Participation in income generating activity Ever participated in income generating activity Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 18 82 100 2 749 1 341 Area Urban 19 81 100 1 184 650 Rural 18 82 100 1 565 691 Gender Male 20 80 100 1 335 626 Female 17 83 100 1 401 713 Age 10-14 2 98 100 972 482 15-19 15 85 100 875 428 20-24 40 60 100 901 431 Per capita household Lowest income 15 85 100 591 275 income, quintiles Low income 21 79 100 587 245 Medium income 15 85 100 611 269 High income 20 80 100 573 301 Highest income 21 79 100 386 251 Region Metropolitan area 22 78 100 848 480 West 13 87 100 538 223 North 17 83 100 373 227 South 18 82 100 330 220 Transversale 19 81 100 660 191 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 127 20  4.20 Currently engaged in income generating activity Currently engaged in income generating activity Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 58 42 100 501 263 Area Urban 50 50 100 225 116 Rural 65 35 100 276 147 Gender Male 65 35 100 263 127 Female 50 50 100 238 136 Age 10-14 51 49 100 15 12 15-19 43 57 100 128 70 20-24 64 36 100 358 181 Per capita household Lowest income 47 53 100 91 50 income, quintiles Low income 65 35 100 122 56 Medium income 66 34 100 94 44 High income 57 43 100 114 66 Highest income 51 49 100 81 47 Region Metropolitan area 47 53 100 182 91 West 55 45 100 71 39 North 48 52 100 65 46 South 73 27 100 59 47 Transversale 73 27 100 124 40 n=All selected indviduals (10-24) ever participated in income generating activity. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 128 – Fafo-report 2009:53 21 4.21 Contract for current job Written contract for current job Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 7 93 100 291 152 Area Urban 13 87 100 112 59 Rural 4 96 100 178 93 Gender Male 8 92 100 171 82 Female 6 94 100 120 70 Age 10-14 - 100 100 8 7 15-19 - 100 100 55 33 20-24 9 91 100 228 112 Per capita household Lowest income - 100 100 43 24 income, quintiles Low income 8 92 100 80 32 Medium income 9 91 100 62 26 High income 6 94 100 65 42 Highest income 13 87 100 41 28 Region Metropolitan area 13 87 100 86 44 West 13 87 100 39 23 North 11 89 100 31 22 South 4 96 100 43 35 Transversale - 100 100 91 28 n=All selected indviduals (10-24), currently working. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 129 22  4.22 Current job full time or part-time Current job full time of part-time Full time Part-time Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 60 40 100 291 152 Area Urban 74 26 100 112 59 Rural 51 49 100 178 93 Gender Male 58 42 100 171 82 Female 62 38 100 120 70 Age 10-14 - 100 100 8 7 15-19 44 56 100 55 33 20-24 66 34 100 228 112 Per capita household Lowest income 50 50 100 43 24 income, quintiles Low income 63 37 100 80 32 Medium income 50 50 100 62 26 High income 67 33 100 65 42 Highest income 67 33 100 41 28 Region Metropolitan area 72 28 100 86 44 West 56 44 100 39 23 North 81 19 100 31 22 South 53 47 100 43 35 Transversale 46 54 100 91 28 n=All selected indviduals (10-24), currently working. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 130 – Fafo-report 2009:53 23  4.23 Current job permanent or temporary Permanent or temporary job Only when I Permanent On contract Seasonal am needed Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 52 9 35 4 100 287 150 Area Urban 56 16 20 8 100 109 57 Rural 49 5 44 2 100 178 93 Gender Male 37 14 47 3 100 169 81 Female 73 2 18 7 100 119 69 Age 10-14 29 - 57 14 100 8 7 15-19 32 3 60 6 100 53 32 20-24 57 11 28 4 100 226 111 Per capita household Lowest income 35 3 58 4 100 43 24 income, quintiles Low income 49 22 27 1 100 80 32 Medium income 43 7 48 2 100 61 25 High income 69 2 21 8 100 63 41 Highest income 58 4 27 11 100 41 28 Region Metropolitan area 55 21 17 6 100 83 42 West 43 13 37 8 100 39 23 North 71 - 24 5 100 31 22 South 49 1 49 1 100 43 35 Transversale 47 3 47 2 100 91 28 n=All selected indviduals (10-24), currently working. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 131 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 24 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 131  4.24 Means of obtaining job Means of obtaining current job Asked Arranged Applied friends/ by friends/ directly to Contacted by Self- family family employer employer Other employed Total 132 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 20 12 3 6 15 44 100 291 152 Area Urban 20 18 5 11 32 14 100 112 59 Rural 21 8 2 3 4 62 100 178 93 Gender Male 23 15 5 8 5 43 100 171 82 Female 16 8 1 3 28 44 100 120 70 Age 10-14 61 - - - 10 29 100 8 7 15-19 18 4 5 2 17 54 100 55 33 20-24 20 14 3 7 15 42 100 228 112 Per capita household Lowest income 19 18 - 1 8 55 100 43 24 income, quintiles Low income 17 1 3 15 20 44 100 80 32 Medium income 30 12 - 7 2 49 100 62 26 High income 16 9 9 1 21 45 100 65 42 Highest income 21 32 5 - 21 21 100 41 28 Region Metropolitan area 23 22 5 14 37 - 100 86 44 West 13 3 - - 12 72 100 39 23 North 19 13 5 1 15 47 100 31 22 South 13 6 7 4 2 68 100 43 35 Transversale 26 8 2 3 2 60 100 91 28 n=All selected indviduals (10-24), currently working. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 25 I: Tabulation Report 132 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Chapter 5 Migration and relocation Main findings This chapter reports on youth migration and relocation The Dominican Republic was the destination for more based on two sources. The first tables report on all than one-fourth of male youth, while female youth moves conducted by the randomly selected youth, from more frequently headed for the Metropolitan areas the age of ten to the time of the interview. The second within the country. part reports on youth who had left the households up Half the youth were accompanied by family mem- to three years prior to the time of the interview. bers, 12 percent by a friend, and 40 percent were mov- More than half of the youth population has moved at ing alone. Urban, male and older youth were more least once, 13 percent has moved twice and seven per- likely to travel alone. The overwhelming majority of cent has moved more than two times. There is a clear (especially the urban) youth had family or friends cur- tendency for most of the moves to take place within rently staying at the destination site, and almost all the the region of origin. Female youth are more likely than youth were staying with family or friends where they ar- male youth to the move to the Metropolitan region. rived. The likelihood of staying with family decreased For the majority of the moves which have taken and the likelihood of staying with friends increases as place while the youth are in their teens or younger, the the youth get older. move occurred upon invitation by family members. For One-fourth of the relocated youth were motivated the youth who have moved after the age of twenty, one by employment and one-third by educational oppor- in four has done so on own initiative and 29 percent af- tunities. Employment was rarely the motivation for ter the invitation from friends or other non-relatives. urban youth. One in four moves by youth between 10 and 19 has Only one-tenth of youth who had left the surveyed been done in order to pursue education. Economical household had broken off contact. Among the remain- reasons, including search for work, is an increasingly ing, two-thirds had weekly contact with the household important motivation for the oldest youth. For the they had left. Mutual visits were common and the youth between 20 and 24 at the time of the move, telephone was frequently used. Almost one-third of one in five had a job waiting for them at the area of the youth reported to have sent money and/or gifts destination. to the households. In the three years preceding the survey, a number Two-fifths of households expected the youth to of youth, 10-24 years old, had left the surveyed house- return. The boys were more often expected to return, holds, the majority of them female. While three-fourths and so were youth who had left households in the of urban youth relocated within or to other urban rural areas. zones, two-thirds of rural youth moved to urban areas. Around one in three youth from the West, North and Transversale regions headed for the Dominican Re- public, while this was rarely the case for urban youth. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 133  5.1 Ever moved from place of birth Ever moved from place of birth Moved for more Never than 3 months Moved and moved and returned not returned Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 46 5 49 100 2 757 1 345 Area Urban 30 5 65 100 1 184 650 Rural 57 6 37 100 1 574 695 Gender Male 49 6 45 100 1 342 629 Female 43 4 53 100 1 403 714 Age 10-14 62 2 36 100 976 484 15-19 43 6 51 100 877 429 20-24 31 7 62 100 904 432 Region Metropolitan area 31 6 63 100 848 480 West 50 3 46 100 542 225 North 51 4 45 100 375 228 South 50 10 40 100 330 220 Transversale 56 4 40 100 663 192 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). 2 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 134 – Fafo-report 2009:53 5.2 Number of times moved Number of times moved 0 1 2 3+ Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 46 35 13 7 100 2 757 1 345 Area Urban 30 46 15 8 100 1 184 650 Rural 57 26 11 6 100 1 574 695 Gender Male 49 33 12 6 100 1 342 629 Female 43 36 14 8 100 1 403 714 Age 10-14 62 29 6 3 100 976 484 15-19 43 36 14 7 100 877 429 20-24 31 39 19 11 100 904 432 Region Metropolitan area 31 45 15 9 100 848 480 West 50 32 10 7 100 542 225 North 51 32 10 8 100 375 228 South 50 25 20 6 100 330 220 Transversale 56 30 12 3 100 663 192 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 135  5.3 Region of origin for all moves after the age of 10 Region of origin Metropolitan Dominican area West North South Transversale Republic Total Sample Total size 136 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 25 26 15 13 18 3 100 743 Area Urban 37 19 18 14 11 0 100 434 Rural 11 34 12 12 25 6 100 309 Gender Male 21 25 12 14 22 6 100 287 Female 28 26 18 13 15 1 100 456 Age at the time of 10-14 24 25 17 13 21 1 100 332 migration 15-19 24 29 16 14 14 2 100 275 20-24 28 21 10 12 19 10 100 136 Highest level No formal education 11 26 16 15 30 2 100 131 completed at time of Primary 22 25 15 15 19 4 100 419 move 1st cycle secondary 34 32 11 12 8 3 100 123 Rheto or higher 53 17 22 4 3 1 100 65 Region of Metropolitan area 54 19 7 14 6 1 100 272 destination West 14 65 3 10 5 3 100 163 North 2 1 90 - 2 6 100 108 South 27 10 0 62 - 0 100 110 Transversale 6 2 2 - 88 1 100 71 Dominican Republic 7 38 17 - 3 35 100 18 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 1 I: Tabulation Report 136 – Fafo-report 2009:53  5.4 Region of destination for all moves after the age of 10 Region of destination Metropolitan Dominican area West North South Transversale Republic Total Sample Total size Total 31 27 12 10 16 4 100 804 Area Urban 53 20 14 5 7 1 100 456 Rural 8 34 11 15 25 7 100 348 Gender Male 26 26 8 12 21 7 100 317 Female 36 27 16 8 13 1 100 487 Age at the time of 10-14 34 29 13 8 16 1 100 365 migration 15-19 29 28 14 11 14 4 100 293 20-24 31 19 9 13 20 8 100 146 Highest level No formal education 19 24 13 8 33 3 100 141 completed at time of Primary 28 27 12 12 16 4 100 455 move 1st cycle secondary 40 32 11 9 5 3 100 133 Rheto or higher 63 17 17 1 1 1 100 70 Region of origin Metropolitan area 67 15 1 12 4 1 100 198 West 22 67 0 4 1 5 100 172 North 14 6 75 0 2 4 100 125 South 32 19 - 49 - - 100 137 Transversale 10 7 1 - 81 1 100 90 Dominican Republic 7 26 22 1 7 37 100 20 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Fafo-report 2009:53 – 137 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 2 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 137  5.5 Job at origin at time of move Job at origin Had a job Had no job Total Total Sample size Total 9 91 100 803 Area Urban 6 94 100 454 Rural 13 87 100 349 Gender Male 11 89 100 316 Female 8 92 100 487 Age at the time of 10-14 6 94 100 363 migration 15-19 10 90 100 294 20-24 15 85 100 146 Highest level No formal education 12 88 100 141 completed at time of Primary 10 90 100 455 move 1st cycle secondary 4 96 100 133 Rheto or higher 10 90 100 70 Region of origin Metropolitan area 8 92 100 198 West 5 95 100 172 North 15 85 100 126 South 11 89 100 136 Transversale 10 90 100 89 Dominican Republic 16 84 100 20 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 138 – Fafo-report 2009:53 3 5.6 Job available at destination at time of move Job available at destination Job No job available available Total Total Sample size Total 8 92 100 802 Area Urban 4 96 100 453 Rural 12 88 100 349 Gender Male 9 91 100 316 Female 7 93 100 486 Age at the time of 10-14 4 96 100 363 migration 15-19 6 94 100 294 20-24 20 80 100 145 Highest level No formal education 12 88 100 141 completed at time of Primary 8 92 100 454 move 1st cycle secondary 3 97 100 133 Rheto or higher 5 95 100 69 Region of Metropolitan area 7 93 100 294 destination West 3 97 100 178 North 2 98 100 117 South 11 89 100 113 Transversale 16 84 100 76 Dominican Republic 18 82 100 23 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 139 4  5.7 Contacts at destination Contacts at destination Parents, siblings and/ or Other family Friends/ friends spouse member(s) of family None Total Total Sample size 140 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 56 21 11 12 100 805 Area Urban 55 21 12 13 100 456 Rural 57 22 10 12 100 349 Gender Male 57 19 11 13 100 317 Female 55 23 10 12 100 488 Age at the time of 10-14 55 24 8 14 100 365 migration 15-19 60 19 12 10 100 294 20-24 48 22 15 15 100 146 Highest level No formal education 54 23 8 14 100 141 completed at time of Primary 58 21 11 11 100 456 move 1st cycle secondary 49 26 15 10 100 133 Rheto or higher 56 11 8 25 100 70 Region of Metropolitan area 49 21 16 14 100 296 destination West 57 26 7 10 100 179 North 61 18 9 12 100 117 South 58 30 5 8 100 113 Transversale 65 10 7 18 100 76 Dominican Republic 36 31 30 3 100 23 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 5 I: Tabulation Report 140 – Fafo-report 2009:53  5.8 Accompany on move Moved together with someone Parents, siblings and/ or Other family Friends/ friends spouse members of family Strangers Alone Total Total Sample size Total 53 16 5 2 25 100 805 Area Urban 60 18 4 1 17 100 456 Rural 45 13 5 3 33 100 349 Gender Male 49 14 6 1 29 100 317 Female 56 17 4 2 21 100 488 Age at the time of 10-14 67 18 2 1 12 100 365 migration 15-19 47 14 5 4 30 100 294 20-24 31 15 9 1 44 100 146 Highest level No formal education 42 22 4 1 31 100 141 completed at time of Primary 59 14 5 2 19 100 456 move 1st cycle secondary 40 18 3 2 38 100 133 Rheto or higher 54 12 2 1 31 100 70 Region of Metropolitan area 53 17 5 2 24 100 296 destination West 52 19 2 4 24 100 179 North 65 12 1 1 20 100 117 South 46 24 3 2 25 100 113 Transversale 55 10 1 - 34 100 76 Dominican Republic 28 3 48 4 16 100 23 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Fafo-report 2009:53 – 141 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 6 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 141  5.9 Closest relationship to household members at destination Shared household with at destination Parents, Friends/ siblings and/ Other family friends of or spouse members family Strangers Lived alone Total Total Sample size 142 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 59 26 8 3 4 100 803 Area Urban 58 28 10 1 3 100 454 Rural 60 25 6 5 4 100 349 Gender Male 56 27 9 3 5 100 316 Female 61 26 7 3 3 100 487 Age at the time of 10-14 63 28 6 2 1 100 364 migration 15-19 58 25 7 5 5 100 294 20-24 51 26 13 2 7 100 145 Highest level No formal education 52 24 7 10 7 100 141 completed at time of Primary 62 26 8 2 2 100 455 move 1st cycle secondary 55 33 9 2 1 100 133 Rheto or higher 56 24 7 - 14 100 69 Region of Metropolitan area 53 27 13 2 4 100 295 destination West 59 32 4 4 1 100 178 North 63 31 2 0 3 100 117 South 57 29 4 4 6 100 113 Transversale 74 10 5 4 7 100 76 Dominican Republic 31 32 35 2 - 100 23 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 7 I: Tabulation Report 142 – Fafo-report 2009:53 5.10 Invited to move to destination Invitation to move to destination By friends By relatives By others No invitation Total Total Sample size Total 13 64 5 18 100 803 Area Urban 11 69 5 15 100 454 Rural 15 58 5 21 100 349 Gender Male 14 59 2 25 100 316 Female 12 68 8 12 100 487 Age at the time of 10-14 12 76 2 11 100 364 migration 15-19 12 59 6 22 100 294 20-24 19 45 10 26 100 145 Highest level No formal education 12 58 10 20 100 141 completed at time of Primary 15 66 4 16 100 455 move 1st cycle secondary 11 66 6 17 100 133 Rheto or higher 9 52 3 36 100 69 Region of Metropolitan area 15 69 4 12 100 295 destination West 11 61 4 24 100 178 North 11 69 1 18 100 117 South 7 61 12 19 100 113 Transversale 11 65 5 19 100 76 Dominican Republic 45 33 11 12 100 23 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 143 8  5.11 Main activity at destination Main activity at destination School Work Nothing Other Total Total Sample size Total 62 17 15 6 100 763 Area Urban 70 13 12 6 100 452 Rural 53 22 19 5 100 311 Gender Male 66 13 14 7 100 282 Female 60 20 15 5 100 481 Age at the time of 10-14 77 11 9 3 100 359 migration 15-19 59 18 17 7 100 277 20-24 33 30 27 10 100 127 Highest level No formal education 27 21 43 8 100 130 completed at time of Primary 73 15 8 4 100 429 move 1st cycle secondary 58 21 15 6 100 132 Rheto or higher 66 15 7 13 100 68 Region of Metropolitan area 60 21 11 8 100 294 destination West 70 14 13 4 100 173 North 59 13 23 5 100 114 South 67 12 17 4 100 101 Transversale 59 15 20 6 100 68 Dominican Republic 17 55 20 8 100 12 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 144 – Fafo-report 2009:53 9  5.12 Main reason for moving Main reason for moving Followed family/ family Improved Economic Personal reunion Education housing reason reason Other Total Total Sample size Total 38 23 5 10 14 9 100 800 Area Urban 34 31 4 6 16 8 100 451 Rural 43 15 6 14 12 9 100 349 Gender Male 41 21 5 12 12 9 100 315 Female 36 25 5 9 16 8 100 485 Age at the time of 10-14 50 24 5 6 9 6 100 363 migration 15-19 34 25 4 11 15 10 100 293 20-24 21 18 6 18 26 12 100 144 Highest level No formal education 47 10 5 16 14 8 100 140 completed at time of Primary 42 23 5 11 12 7 100 454 move 1st cycle secondary 24 34 7 6 16 13 100 132 Rheto or higher 24 33 2 2 27 12 100 69 Region of Metropolitan area 30 24 6 8 21 11 100 294 destination West 34 30 7 9 9 11 100 178 North 46 29 1 6 12 5 100 117 South 39 31 5 6 13 5 100 112 Transversale 60 6 5 9 16 5 100 76 Dominican Republic 15 2 1 71 1 10 100 22 All moves after the age of 10 by selected individuals (10-24). Fafo-report 2009:53 – 145 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 10 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 145  5.13 Departure age distributions by gender, household members migrated during last three years Gender Male Female Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 37 63 100 406 460 Departure age 5-9 79 21 100 4 6 10-14 36 64 100 62 64 15-19 32 68 100 110 120 20-24 49 51 100 101 126 25-29 24 76 100 51 63 30-34 41 59 100 33 34 35-39 31 69 100 9 12 40-44 44 56 100 10 8 45-49 18 82 100 9 10 50+ 37 63 100 16 17 Estimated population=All individuals who left the household within the last three years. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 146 – Fafo-report 2009:53 2  5.14 Orphan status, youth migrated from household Orphanhood Both parents Both parents Only mother Only father alive dead alive alive Total Estimated Total population Sample size Total 68 4 21 8 100 258 294 Area Urban 54 9 27 10 100 84 120 Rural 75 1 18 7 100 175 174 Gender Male 65 2 23 10 100 102 119 Female 70 5 19 7 100 157 175 Age 10-14 74 6 13 6 100 37 43 15-19 74 2 20 3 100 89 98 20-24 62 4 23 11 100 133 153 Region Metropolitan area 54 9 27 9 100 60 92 West 73 5 22 - 100 45 43 North 58 5 19 18 100 34 51 South 81 2 6 11 100 48 58 Transversale 71 - 24 4 100 72 50 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household.within the last three years Fafo-report 2009:53 – 147 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 3 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 147  5.15 Parent's presence in household Parent's presence in household Both parents No parents Mother only Father only Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 56 25 12 8 100 173 193 148 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Area Urban 25 48 18 9 100 45 64 Rural 66 16 10 7 100 128 129 Gender Male 56 21 16 7 100 64 77 Female 55 27 10 8 100 108 116 Age 10-14 55 19 23 3 100 27 32 15-19 54 24 12 11 100 66 73 20-24 57 27 9 7 100 80 88 Region Metropolitan area 25 58 11 7 100 32 49 West 44 23 24 10 100 32 30 North 46 28 22 4 100 20 34 South 76 6 12 6 100 38 45 Transversale 71 17 2 10 100 50 35 E i stimated population=All youth who left h l the household h the last h three years i with parents li alive. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 4 I: Tabulation Report 148 – Fafo-report 2009:53  5.16 Region of destination Region of destination Metropolitan Dominican Other area West North South Transversale Republic abroad Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 24 24 10 8 16 14 3 100 257 293 Area Urban 37 23 11 10 8 3 8 100 84 120 Rural 17 24 10 7 21 20 1 100 174 173 Gender Male 17 19 8 8 16 28 4 100 102 119 Female 28 27 12 8 17 6 3 100 156 174 Age 10-14 13 15 11 21 31 9 - 100 37 43 15-19 28 34 10 5 14 5 4 100 88 97 20-24 24 20 10 6 14 22 4 100 133 153 Region Metropolitan area 41 27 3 8 7 1 12 100 60 92 West 17 56 - - - 25 3 100 45 43 North 17 3 51 - 1 27 - 100 33 50 South 41 24 - 32 1 2 - 100 48 58 Transversale 5 12 11 - 52 21 - 100 72 50 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 149 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 5 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 149  5.17 Destination urban or rural Destination urban or rural Urban Rural Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 69 31 100 242 277 Area Urban 74 26 100 75 111 Rural 67 33 100 167 166 Gender Male 66 34 100 90 107 Female 71 29 100 152 170 Age 10-14 58 42 100 37 43 15-19 69 31 100 83 91 20-24 72 28 100 122 143 Region Metropolitan area 70 30 100 52 84 West 63 37 100 44 42 North 68 32 100 31 47 South 73 27 100 48 58 Transversale 69 31 100 68 46 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 150 – Fafo-report 2009:53 6  5.18 Contacts at destination prior to departure Contacts at destination Family/ friends Friends of have been Family living Friends living family living at living at No contacts at at destination at destination destination destination destination Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 77 13 4 2 4 100 254 290 Area Urban 82 8 2 3 5 100 84 120 Rural 75 15 4 2 4 100 171 170 Gender Male 77 13 3 2 5 100 100 117 Female 77 13 4 2 4 100 154 173 Age 10-14 93 4 3 - - 100 37 43 15-19 86 6 2 3 4 100 85 94 20-24 67 20 5 2 6 100 133 153 Region Metropolitan area 83 5 2 4 6 100 60 92 West 72 23 2 - 3 100 42 40 North 62 15 13 2 7 100 33 50 South 88 8 2 2 - 100 48 58 Transversale 74 17 2 1 6 100 72 50 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 151 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 1 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 151  5.19 Accompany on travel Accompany on travel Other Friends/ Parents/ Spouse/ family friends of Alone guardians children Siblings members family Total Population 152 – Fafo-report 2009:53 ('000) Sample size Total 40 29 5 4 11 12 258 294 Area Urban 48 28 6 4 9 7 84 120 Rural 36 30 4 4 12 14 175 174 Gender Male 44 32 - 3 9 13 102 119 Female 38 27 7 5 13 10 157 175 Age 10-14 17 56 - 3 18 10 37 43 15-19 38 33 1 5 12 11 89 98 20-24 48 19 8 4 9 12 133 153 Region Metropolitan area 48 30 7 5 7 5 60 92 West 47 29 8 3 - 13 45 43 North 31 25 7 2 20 15 34 51 South 37 26 - 3 27 6 48 58 Transversale 36 32 2 7 7 18 72 50 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years.Multiple response possible. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 8 I: Tabulation Report 152 – Fafo-report 2009:53  5.20 Staying with at destination Staying with at destination Alone Family Friends Employer Others Total Population ('000) Sample size Total 7 74 18 1 1 257 293 Area Urban 8 77 11 1 3 84 120 Rural 6 72 22 1 - 174 173 Gender Male 6 74 20 - - 102 119 Female 7 74 17 1 2 156 174 Age 10-14 4 89 7 - - 37 43 15-19 6 82 11 1 1 88 97 20-24 8 64 27 1 1 133 153 Region Metropolitan area 10 77 11 1 1 60 92 West 2 80 18 - 3 45 43 North 2 71 23 3 2 33 50 South - 88 12 - - 48 58 Transversale 14 59 27 - - 72 50 E i stimated population=All youth who have left h l the household i within h the last h three years.Multiple response possible Fafo-report 2009:53 – 153 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 9 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 153  5.21 Main reason for leaving household Main reason for leaving household To search To follow for work Education family Marriage Adventure Other Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 154 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 24 32 20 5 7 13 100 258 293 Area Urban 5 21 30 7 11 26 100 83 119 Rural 32 37 15 4 5 7 100 175 174 Gender Male 32 34 19 - 4 12 100 102 119 Female 18 31 21 8 8 14 100 156 174 Age 10-14 8 51 34 - - 7 100 37 43 15-19 13 37 23 3 7 18 100 89 98 20-24 35 24 14 7 8 11 100 132 152 Region Metropolitan area 5 10 35 8 9 33 100 60 92 West 27 40 17 5 9 3 100 45 43 North 28 21 27 4 8 11 100 34 51 South 23 42 24 3 4 4 100 47 57 Transversale 35 46 4 2 4 9 100 72 50 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 10 I: Tabulation Report 154 – Fafo-report 2009:53  5.22 Employment status at destination Found work at destination Did not find Domestic Informal trade/ Construction/ Did not look work work business Agriculture Maintenance Other for work Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 49 17 10 7 7 4 6 100 160 195 Area Urban 72 3 5 2 2 7 10 100 61 90 Rural 35 25 13 10 10 3 4 100 100 105 Gender Male 43 5 10 18 15 7 3 100 60 77 Female 53 24 10 - 2 2 8 100 100 118 Age 10-14 68 17 5 5 2 - 4 100 18 24 15-19 63 17 6 4 1 5 4 100 52 62 20-24 38 17 13 9 11 5 8 100 90 109 Region Metropolitan area 72 2 6 1 2 8 9 100 49 76 West 41 20 15 10 3 4 5 100 26 24 North 43 11 13 18 7 2 6 100 25 39 South 41 26 13 - 12 - 9 100 27 32 Transversale 34 31 7 10 14 4 - 100 34 24 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years for non-education purposes. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 155 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 11 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 155  5.23 Contact with household Contact with the household In contact No contact Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 91 9 100 258 294 Area Urban 87 13 100 84 120 Rural 93 7 100 175 174 Gender Male 93 7 100 102 119 Female 90 10 100 157 175 Age 10-14 90 10 100 37 43 15-19 86 14 100 89 98 20-24 95 5 100 133 153 Region Metropolitan area 86 14 100 60 92 West 95 5 100 45 43 North 87 13 100 34 51 South 94 6 100 48 58 Transversale 93 7 100 72 50 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 156 – Fafo-report 2009:53 12 5.24 Frequency of contact with household Contact frequency Weekly Monthly Occasionally Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 65 21 15 100 235 266 Area Urban 69 17 14 100 72 105 Rural 63 22 15 100 163 161 Gender Male 65 19 16 100 94 108 Female 65 21 14 100 140 158 Age 10-14 64 13 23 100 32 37 15-19 74 14 12 100 77 86 20-24 60 27 14 100 126 143 Region Metropolitan area 70 16 13 100 51 80 West 66 14 20 100 42 41 North 63 16 21 100 30 44 South 58 33 9 100 45 54 Transversale 65 22 13 100 67 47 E i stimated population=All youth who have left h l the household i within h the last h three years in contact i with household. 13 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 157  5.25 Means of contact with household Type of contact between migrated youth and household Household Youth visit members visit Send messages household youth Phone calls Letters through others Total Population 158 – Fafo-report 2009:53 ('000) Sample size Total 52 26 64 2 20 236 267 Area Urban 62 17 63 1 11 73 106 Rural 48 31 64 3 24 163 161 Gender Male 54 17 65 4 26 94 108 Female 51 33 63 1 16 141 159 Age 10-14 50 42 59 2 26 33 38 15-19 50 34 63 2 22 77 86 20-24 54 18 66 2 18 126 143 Region Metropolitan area 62 16 65 - 12 52 81 West 61 27 57 3 24 42 41 North 46 7 70 3 23 30 44 South 41 25 75 - 18 45 54 Transversale 49 44 57 5 25 67 47 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years in contact with household.Multiple response possible Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 14 I: Tabulation Report 158 – Fafo-report 2009:53  5.26 Remittances to household Migrated youth sending money or gifts to household Both money Money Gifts and gifts Nothing Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 14 5 13 68 100 235 266 Area Urban 5 3 15 77 100 72 105 Rural 18 6 12 64 100 163 161 Gender Male 16 5 14 65 100 94 107 Female 13 5 12 70 100 141 159 Age 10-14 6 - 12 82 100 33 38 15-19 9 1 12 78 100 77 86 20-24 20 9 14 58 100 125 142 Region Metropolitan area 6 3 12 79 100 51 80 West 21 2 9 68 100 42 41 North 18 3 17 62 100 30 44 South 12 6 11 71 100 45 54 Transversale 16 8 15 61 100 67 47 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years in contact with household. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 159 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 15 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 159  5.27 Does youth plan to return to the household Intends to return to household Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 39 61 100 222 253 Area Urban 33 67 100 73 104 Rural 42 58 100 150 149 Gender Male 49 51 100 86 102 Female 33 67 100 136 151 Age 10-14 46 54 100 34 40 15-19 34 66 100 72 81 20-24 40 60 100 116 132 Region Metropolitan area 24 76 100 52 80 West 48 52 100 39 37 North 58 42 100 29 43 South 33 67 100 40 49 Transversale 41 59 100 62 44 Estimated population=All youth who have left the household within the last three years. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 160 – Fafo-report 2009:53 16 Chapter 6 Security Main findings The level of trust among Haitian youth is generally low. most in the urban areas, most for better some for worse. Only 28 percent feel that most people can be trusted. Seventy percent of urban youth feel more secure today Clear gender differences are demonstrated in the fact than one year ago, versus 64 percent of the rural youth. that 77 percent of girls answer that most people can- However, among those who feel that the security situ- not be trusted compared to 68 percent of the boys. ation has deteriorated there is also a majority living in The level of trust is also decreasing with age. There the urban areas. Fifteen percent of the urban youth feel are large differences between the urban and the rural less secure today than they did one year ago, versus ten areas where 18 and 35 percent of youth, respectively, percent in the rural areas where more youth report that express such trust. In the Metropolitan area, only 13 the security situation has remained the same. percent agree to the statement that most people can The vast majority of the youth feel optimistic about be trusted. the future. Almost four out of five think that life will Many youth in the Metropolitan area feel insecure improve within the next year. The youngest youth are in their home environment. Less than two-thirds re- more optimistic than the older youth, as are male and spond that they always feel safe from crimes in their urban youth. own homes, while on in four sometimes or most of the time feel unsafe. Youth feel most safe at home in the Transversale region where 93 percent always feel safe from crimes at home. Youth living in high-income households generally feel less safe than youth in low- income households. Sixty-two percent of Haitian youth report that they are often or sometimes afraid to go and visit their neighbours. Insecurity related to visiting neighbours is less regionally dependent than feeling safe at home. Sixty-six percent of youth in the Metropolitan region reports that they are afraid to visit neighbours. Youth living in other parts of the western region are least scared, but 56 percent still reports that they are often or sometimes afraid to go on visits. Girls are considerably more worried when moving around in their neighbour- hood than boys. Nationwide, half the youth population is afraid of going to their local market. Despite the high level of insecurity experienced by youth, two-thirds feel more secure today than they did one year ago. The security situation has changed Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 161  6.1 Trust in other people Most people can or cannot be trusted Most people Most people cannot be can be trusted trusted Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 28 72 100 2 724 1 330 Area Urban 18 82 100 1 174 641 Rural 35 65 100 1 550 689 Gender Male 32 68 100 1 324 622 Female 23 77 100 1 388 706 Age 10-14 37 63 100 945 470 15-19 24 76 100 877 429 20-24 22 78 100 901 431 Highest level No formal education 32 68 100 334 156 completed Incomplete primary 36 64 100 1 263 606 Primary 21 79 100 197 101 1st cycle secondary 19 81 100 553 274 Retho 11 89 100 295 145 Philo/University 15 85 100 75 40 Vocational 26 74 100 7 7 Per capita household Lowest income 28 72 100 574 272 income, quintiles Low income 34 66 100 585 244 Medium income 31 69 100 610 268 High income 27 73 100 571 298 Highest income 15 85 100 384 248 Region Metropolitan area 13 87 100 841 472 West 30 70 100 536 223 North 31 69 100 373 227 South 37 63 100 329 219 Transversale 38 62 100 644 189 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 162 – Fafo-report 2009:53 2  6.2 Feeling of safety at home Feeling of safety from crimes while at home Most of the Sometimes Most of the Always safe time safe unsafe time unsafe Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 81 7 8 3 100 2 752 1 343 Area Urban 71 10 14 5 100 1 181 649 Rural 89 5 4 2 100 1 571 694 Gender Male 83 6 9 2 100 1 337 627 Female 80 8 8 4 100 1 403 714 Age 10-14 88 5 5 2 100 974 483 15-19 82 8 8 2 100 877 429 20-24 74 9 12 6 100 901 431 Per capita household Lowest income 86 7 4 3 100 594 276 income, quintiles Low income 82 6 8 4 100 591 247 Medium income 83 6 9 2 100 611 269 High income 77 8 11 3 100 573 301 Highest income 76 8 10 6 100 384 250 Region Metropolitan area 64 12 18 6 100 845 479 West 89 4 4 2 100 542 225 North 82 6 8 4 100 373 227 South 87 7 5 1 100 330 220 Transversale 93 4 2 1 100 663 192 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). Fafo-report 2009:53 – 163 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 3 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 163  6.3 Feeling of safety when going to the neighbours Afraid to go to the neighbours Yes, Yes, often sometimes No, never Not relevant Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 20 42 37 1 100 2 753 1 342 Area Urban 23 41 33 2 100 1 182 648 Rural 17 42 41 0 100 1 571 694 Gender Male 15 41 43 1 100 1 338 627 Female 24 42 33 1 100 1 403 713 Age 10-14 16 46 37 1 100 976 484 15-19 22 40 36 1 100 875 427 20-24 22 38 39 1 100 901 431 Per capita household Lowest income 22 35 42 1 100 594 276 income, quintiles Low income 12 45 43 - 100 591 247 Medium income 18 48 33 1 100 611 269 High income 17 42 40 1 100 571 300 Highest income 34 38 26 3 100 386 250 Region Metropolitan area 25 41 32 1 100 846 478 West 15 41 43 2 100 542 225 North 24 45 30 1 100 373 227 South 12 46 41 1 100 330 220 Transversale 18 39 42 - 100 663 192 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). 4 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 164 – Fafo-report 2009:53 6.4 Feeling of safety when visiting people within town/village Afraid to go to people in this town/village Yes, Yes, often sometimes No, never Not relevant Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 16 43 39 2 100 2 752 1 341 Area Urban 18 44 35 3 100 1 181 647 Rural 15 42 43 1 100 1 571 694 Gender Male 13 39 46 2 100 1 339 627 Female 19 47 33 2 100 1 401 712 Age 10-14 17 45 35 2 100 974 482 15-19 16 44 39 1 100 877 429 20-24 15 39 44 2 100 901 430 Per capita household Lowest income 14 39 47 1 100 594 276 income, quintiles Low income 16 38 44 2 100 591 247 Medium income 19 45 36 - 100 610 268 High income 11 47 40 2 100 573 301 Highest income 23 49 26 3 100 384 249 Region Metropolitan area 20 43 33 4 100 845 477 West 11 44 46 0 100 542 225 North 18 44 38 - 100 373 227 South 10 45 44 1 100 330 220 Transversale 17 41 41 1 100 663 192 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). 5 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 165  6.5 Feeling of safety when going to the local market Afraid to go to the local market Yes, Yes, often sometimes No, never Not relevant Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 11 39 47 2 100 2 754 1 343 Area Urban 13 40 44 2 100 1 183 649 Rural 10 38 49 3 100 1 571 694 Gender Male 9 36 51 3 100 1 340 628 Female 13 41 44 2 100 1 402 713 Age 10-14 11 41 44 4 100 976 483 15-19 11 42 46 1 100 877 429 20-24 11 35 52 2 100 901 431 Per capita household Lowest income 8 34 56 2 100 594 276 income, quintiles Low income 11 36 51 2 100 591 247 Medium income 16 42 40 3 100 610 268 High income 8 40 49 2 100 573 301 Highest income 13 46 38 3 100 386 251 Region Metropolitan area 17 41 40 2 100 847 479 West 7 40 51 2 100 542 225 North 12 38 48 3 100 373 227 South 10 37 52 2 100 330 220 Transversale 8 38 50 3 100 663 192 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). 6 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 166 – Fafo-report 2009:53 6.6 Feeling of safety if going to the nearest large town Afraid to go to the nearest larger town Yes, Yes, often sometimes No, never Not relevant Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 19 41 35 5 100 2 750 1 339 Area Urban 21 41 31 7 100 1 182 648 Rural 18 40 38 4 100 1 568 691 Gender Male 17 37 40 5 100 1 336 624 Female 22 44 30 5 100 1 402 713 Age 10-14 24 36 31 8 100 975 482 15-19 19 44 34 4 100 874 426 20-24 14 42 39 4 100 901 431 Per capita household Lowest income 14 36 43 6 100 594 276 income, quintiles Low income 19 33 43 5 100 590 246 Medium income 26 44 26 5 100 611 269 High income 18 44 34 5 100 569 297 Highest income 21 51 24 4 100 386 251 Region Metropolitan area 23 41 27 8 100 846 478 West 10 45 44 1 100 542 225 North 27 34 32 7 100 373 227 South 15 41 39 4 100 326 217 Transversale 20 39 37 4 100 663 192 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). 7 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 167  6.7 Feeling of safety if going to Port-au-Prince Afraid to go to Port-au-Prince Yes, Yes, often sometimes No, never Not relevant Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 28 32 25 15 100 2 749 1 340 Area Urban 27 35 24 14 100 1 180 648 Rural 28 30 26 16 100 1 569 692 Gender Male 27 28 30 15 100 1 340 627 Female 29 37 20 14 100 1 397 711 Age 10-14 32 26 19 23 100 976 482 15-19 29 37 23 11 100 872 427 20-24 22 35 33 10 100 901 431 Per capita household Lowest income 22 28 29 21 100 592 274 income, quintiles Low income 24 29 29 18 100 591 247 Medium income 32 34 21 13 100 610 268 High income 30 32 27 11 100 569 300 Highest income 30 41 17 12 100 386 251 Region Metropolitan area 27 36 23 14 100 847 479 West 23 33 35 9 100 542 225 North 33 26 22 19 100 367 225 South 26 32 25 16 100 329 219 Transversale 30 30 21 19 100 663 192 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). 8 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 168 – Fafo-report 2009:53  6.8 Feeling of security now compared to one year ago Feeling of security now compared to one year ago More secure now Less secure now No difference Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 67 12 21 100 2 730 1 326 Area Urban 70 15 15 100 1 169 640 Rural 64 10 26 100 1 561 686 Gender Male 66 11 23 100 1 331 618 Female 68 13 19 100 1 387 706 Age 10-14 69 10 21 100 953 468 15-19 63 14 23 100 876 428 20-24 68 13 19 100 901 430 Per capita household Lowest income 62 12 26 100 582 270 income, quintiles Low income 69 9 22 100 589 245 Medium income 67 15 18 100 607 265 High income 65 13 22 100 568 298 Highest income 72 11 17 100 384 248 Region Metropolitan area 69 16 14 100 844 475 West 63 9 28 100 541 224 North 68 12 20 100 366 221 South 64 9 27 100 327 217 Transversale 67 10 22 100 653 189 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). Fafo-report 2009:53 – 169 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 9 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 169  6.9 Prospects for the future How do you think your life will be one year from now Better than now Same as now Worse than now Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 79 16 6 100 2 268 1 081 Area Urban 81 14 5 100 968 517 Rural 77 17 6 100 1 299 564 Gender Male 81 15 4 100 1 101 510 Female 76 16 8 100 1 163 570 Age 10-14 84 11 5 100 785 383 15-19 78 17 5 100 743 350 20-24 74 19 7 100 740 348 Per capita household Lowest income 69 24 7 100 455 204 income, quintiles Low income 81 13 5 100 484 198 Medium income 79 15 6 100 524 222 High income 79 15 6 100 494 256 Highest income 88 11 1 100 311 201 Region Metropolitan area 77 17 6 100 679 374 West 87 12 1 100 480 197 North 81 12 7 100 291 176 South 84 12 4 100 256 172 Transversale 70 20 10 100 560 162 n=All selected indviduals (10-24). 10 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 170 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Chapter 7 Household Economy Main findings Almost three out of four Haitian households are un- all concerned about next year’s consumption. Female- satisfied with their current financial situation and 37 headed households and households where the head has percent are very unsatisfied. Rural and female-headed little or no education are most concerned. households are those most unsatisfied with their eco- One-third of the households report that they can- nomic situation. not afford to send all children to school. Female-headed Over the last two years, 37 percent of the house- households and households where the head has no for- holds have experienced a deterioration of their finan- mal education are less able to enrol children in school cial situation, while 27 percent have experienced an than male-headed households. The economic disad- improvement in their household economy. Among vantage experienced by female-headed households is the households that have become poorer, 86 percent also demonstrated by a lower household income per have reduced their food consumption and 78 percent capita and an overrepresentation in the lowest income have reduced their spending on health care. The finan- quintiles. cial deterioration of the household is strongly affect- In the urban areas there is considerable optimism ing youth members. Fourteen percent of households and the majority expects that their household economy have sent children to live or work elsewhere as a direct will improve within the next year. The expectations are result of changes in their economic situation. Thirty- moderate in the rural areas where 37 percent believe nine percent have delayed children’s school enrolment, that their economy will improve, while an equal share while 23 percent of the households have taken children of the households expect that their economical situa- who are enrolled out of school. The economic deterio- tion will deteriorate further. The remaining expect that ration has had the most negative effect on the school their household economy will experience no change. situation of children in the Transversale region where 46 percent of the affected households have delayed school enrolment and 29 percent have had children dropping out. Definitions Food insecurity is high and two-thirds of the house- holds consider their current level of food consump- Household income is based on current monthly house- tion to be lower than adequate. The food insecurity is hold income as reported by household respondents. Per highest in the Transversale region where 72 percent of capita household income is calculated by dividing the the households report that they do not have sufficient total household income by the number of persons in food for their members. Nationwide, 71 percent of the household. Based on per capita household income, households are very concerned about being able to households are grouped into income quintiles. provide their members with food and basic necessities Household expenditure data refers to spending on for the next 12 months, while only 7 percent are not at a selection of common consumer items, within the Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 171  statistically most adequate reference periods for each one (last seven days, last month, last three months and last year). Purchases made by any household mem- ber for consumption in the household, is recorded as household expenditure. Purchases made by household members for business purposes are not included. The items included in non-food expenditure last month are: fuel for cooking, personal care products, household supplies and cleaning products, fuels and lubricants for personal vehicles, Internet and postal services, mobile phone expenses, alcohol and tobacco. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 172 – Fafo-report 2009:53  7.1 Satisfaction with current financial situation Satisfaction with current financial situation Somewhat Somewhat Very Very satisfied satisfied unsatisfied unsatisfied Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 3 24 36 37 100 1 824 1 963 Area Urban 4 27 35 34 100 695 937 Rural 3 22 36 40 100 1 130 1 026 Gender of household Male 3 25 36 35 100 1 061 1 134 head Female 3 22 35 40 100 760 827 Highest level No formal education 2 18 36 44 100 813 801 completed of Incomplete primary 3 25 35 37 100 399 417 household head Primary 2 31 35 32 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 4 28 41 27 100 169 200 Rheto 5 30 35 31 100 187 215 Philo/University 5 37 33 25 100 87 120 Vocational training 11 42 24 23 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 3 16 32 49 100 368 372 income, quintiles Low income 2 19 35 44 100 360 349 Medium income 2 21 42 35 100 365 374 High income 3 27 38 31 100 378 423 Highest income 5 35 32 28 100 354 445 Region Metropolitan area 3 28 36 33 100 446 675 West 5 19 32 45 100 369 330 North 3 20 42 35 100 234 331 South 2 24 37 37 100 254 315 Transversale 2 25 35 38 100 521 312 n=All households. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 173 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 2 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 173  7.2 Financial situation, past two years Financial situation now compared to two years ago Somewhat Remained the Somewhat Deteriorated a Improved a lot improved same deteriorated lot Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 174 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 5 22 36 12 25 100 1 816 1 947 Area Urban 5 23 34 13 24 100 688 926 Rural 5 21 38 11 26 100 1 128 1 021 Gender of household Male 5 23 36 12 24 100 1 055 1 125 head Female 5 19 38 12 27 100 757 820 Highest level No formal education 3 20 38 10 28 100 812 796 completed of Incomplete primary 4 19 38 13 26 100 398 415 household head Primary 9 21 41 9 20 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 10 26 34 13 18 100 168 198 Rheto 6 27 26 17 24 100 185 212 Philo/University 9 22 34 15 20 100 85 118 Vocational training 9 38 33 8 12 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 5 16 42 9 29 100 366 368 income, quintiles Low income 4 20 41 9 27 100 358 344 Medium income 5 25 31 11 28 100 365 373 High income 5 19 38 16 23 100 377 421 Highest income 8 29 31 13 19 100 351 441 Region Metropolitan area 5 21 36 15 23 100 440 664 West 6 23 35 11 25 100 369 330 North 6 22 37 11 24 100 232 326 South 3 20 43 8 25 100 253 314 Transversale 5 22 35 12 27 100 523 313 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 3 I: Tabulation Report 174 – Fafo-report 2009:53  7.3 Result of deteriorated financial situation Children of Delayed Reduced support Adults in Youth in household children's Reduced amount to family members household household sent to enrolment in Taken children Reduced food spent on health outside of searched for searched for work/live school out of school consumption care household addtional job additional job elsewhere Total Population Sample ('000) size Total 39 23 86 78 65 26 21 14 625 670 Area Urban 35 19 81 73 68 34 26 9 234 327 Rural 41 25 89 82 63 21 18 17 391 343 Gender of Male 39 25 86 77 63 28 22 16 351 372 household head Female 37 19 86 80 68 23 22 13 270 296 Highest level No formal education 44 31 91 85 65 24 21 17 291 291 completed of Incomplete primary 44 20 86 81 71 20 20 16 147 151 household head Primary 35 19 86 76 67 36 34 15 36 48 1st cycle secondary 20 14 84 64 63 25 10 7 50 61 Rheto 25 9 79 68 53 28 29 7 67 74 Philo/University 21 - 56 54 64 48 21 3 22 27 Vocational training 13 23 26 73 84 34 - - 4 8 Per capita Lowest income 51 34 92 90 75 31 31 23 131 133 household income, Low income 40 29 92 83 61 28 22 11 119 111 quintiles Medium income 46 24 88 81 64 23 20 15 139 135 High income 30 9 82 69 56 17 16 12 135 158 Highest income 23 18 74 67 71 31 18 9 100 133 Region Metropolitan area 34 18 77 69 63 35 28 9 153 237 West 36 21 87 78 60 25 21 15 119 112 North 42 25 87 78 71 26 21 18 77 113 South 33 18 91 83 76 28 17 10 77 96 Transversale 44 29 89 84 64 18 19 18 197 112 n=All households with financial situation deteriorated over the last two years. More than one way could be recorded, total may add up to more than 100 Fafo-report 2009:53 – 175 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 175  7.4 Expectations about financial situation, next 12 months Expectations about financial situation, next 12 months Somewhat Somewhat Improve a lot improve Remain the same deteriorate Deteriorate a lot Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 176 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 21 22 24 8 25 100 1 461 1 536 Area Urban 31 22 19 8 19 100 544 714 Rural 15 22 26 8 28 100 917 822 Gender of household Male 21 23 23 10 24 100 854 902 head Female 21 21 25 7 26 100 602 632 Highest level No formal education 15 22 26 7 30 100 646 618 completed of Incomplete primary 18 24 23 10 26 100 317 321 household head Primary 25 17 28 9 21 100 107 120 1st cycle secondary 31 27 15 12 16 100 132 157 Rheto 31 24 21 8 17 100 158 179 Philo/University 32 17 20 16 16 100 72 99 Vocational training 64 13 11 - 12 100 15 22 Per capita household Lowest income 9 22 29 6 34 100 275 271 income, quintiles Low income 13 20 24 12 31 100 274 261 Medium income 21 21 25 8 25 100 308 301 High income 27 21 23 9 19 100 310 341 Highest income 33 26 18 7 16 100 295 362 Region Metropolitan area 30 22 20 8 20 100 341 503 West 21 26 25 9 19 100 319 283 North 27 19 25 7 23 100 176 246 South 16 22 28 12 23 100 199 250 Transversale 14 21 23 8 34 100 426 254 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 5 I: Tabulation Report 176 – Fafo-report 2009:53  7.5 Current level of food consumption Current level of food consumption More than Just Less than adequate adequate adequate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 5 30 65 100 1 821 1 958 Area Urban 7 36 57 100 691 933 Rural 4 26 70 100 1 130 1 025 Gender of household Male 5 31 64 100 1 057 1 130 head Female 5 28 67 100 760 826 Highest level No formal education 3 24 73 100 814 801 completed of Incomplete primary 5 25 70 100 398 415 household head Primary 6 42 52 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 4 30 65 100 169 200 Rheto 9 44 48 100 186 214 Philo/University 8 51 41 100 86 119 Vocational training 20 40 39 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 3 13 84 100 368 372 income, quintiles Low income 4 23 74 100 361 349 Medium income 5 29 66 100 366 374 High income 5 36 59 100 377 422 Highest income 8 49 43 100 350 441 Region Metropolitan area 7 36 57 100 443 671 West 3 34 63 100 368 329 North 5 25 70 100 234 330 South 6 30 64 100 254 315 Transversale 4 24 72 100 523 313 n=All households. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 177 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 6 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 177  7.6 Current level of expenditure on basic necessities Current level of expenditure on basic necessities other than food More than Less than adequate Just adequate adequate Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 178 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 6 22 72 100 1 818 1 951 Area Urban 8 25 66 100 687 924 Rural 4 20 76 100 1 131 1 027 Gender of Male 6 22 71 100 1 057 1 128 household head Female 5 22 73 100 757 821 Highest level No formal education 4 18 78 100 811 797 completed of Incomplete primary 4 18 78 100 398 414 household head Primary 6 35 59 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 5 23 72 100 169 200 Rheto 13 30 57 100 186 214 Philo/University 12 39 48 100 86 118 Vocational training 16 35 49 100 20 27 Per capita Lowest income 5 9 86 100 368 372 household income, Low income 3 17 81 100 361 349 quintiles Medium income 7 21 73 100 365 373 High income 4 28 68 100 376 421 Highest income 10 37 52 100 348 436 Region Metropolitan area 9 23 68 100 438 662 West 4 29 67 100 369 330 North 7 18 76 100 234 331 South 5 25 70 100 254 315 Transversale 4 17 78 100 523 313 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 1 I: Tabulation Report 178 – Fafo-report 2009:53  7.7 Concern for access to food and basic necessities, next 12 months Concern of being able to provide household with food and basic necessities, next 12 months Not concerned Very concerned A little concerned at all Total Total Population ('000) Sample size Total 71 22 7 100 1 802 1 933 Area Urban 66 25 8 100 678 913 Rural 73 21 6 100 1 124 1 020 Gender of household head Male 67 25 8 100 1 047 1 117 Female 76 19 6 100 751 814 Highest level completed of No formal education 75 19 6 100 803 787 household head Incomplete primary 76 19 5 100 393 408 Primary 69 25 6 100 130 153 1st cycle secondary 65 25 9 100 167 197 Rheto 58 32 10 100 186 213 Philo/University 51 36 13 100 86 119 Vocational training 33 42 25 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 86 11 4 100 359 361 income, quintiles Low income 79 15 6 100 361 349 Medium income 74 20 7 100 361 369 High income 65 26 9 100 373 416 Highest income 49 42 9 100 348 438 Region Metropolitan area 65 27 8 100 434 655 West 72 20 8 100 367 327 North 73 19 8 100 232 328 South 67 26 8 100 253 314 Transversale 75 20 5 100 516 309 n=All households. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 179 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 8 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 179  7.8 Access to credit From merchant From formal or money- From other non- credit From other From relatives lender relative institution source Total Population 180 – Fafo-report 2009:53 ('000) Sample size Total 64 55 60 20 3 1 227 1 321 Area Urban 63 44 57 29 6 477 635 Rural 65 62 62 15 0 750 686 Gender of household Male 65 54 61 21 2 716 760 head Female 63 57 59 19 3 508 559 Highest level No formal education 61 60 56 13 1 520 512 completed of Incomplete primary 63 55 68 18 2 252 270 household head Primary 71 53 60 24 5 93 106 1st cycle secondary 65 46 61 29 5 129 145 Rheto 72 50 62 29 5 140 159 Philo/University 73 49 55 38 4 67 90 Vocational t i raining 65 43 53 36 4 14 22 Per capita household Lowest income 65 58 55 13 1 206 211 income, quintiles Low income 65 60 56 12 2 244 237 Medium income 61 51 57 22 1 244 250 High income 61 55 67 22 3 271 297 Highest income 70 53 64 32 5 262 326 Region Metropolitan area 59 39 55 33 8 293 440 West 73 63 69 13 - 271 241 North 63 60 56 20 5 145 209 South 69 68 66 18 1 177 223 Transversale 60 54 56 16 - 341 208 n=All households.More than one way could be recorded, total may add up to more than 100 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 9 I: Tabulation Report 180 – Fafo-report 2009:53  7.9 Ability to raise 2000 Haitian Gourdes within a week Ability to raise 2000 Haitian Gourdes within a week Yes, by using Yes, by borrowing Yes, by help from Perhaps, but I No, it would be savings money others doubt it impossible Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 26 19 11 8 36 100 1 818 1 958 Area Urban 33 20 13 7 27 100 691 934 Rural 22 19 10 8 41 100 1 127 1 024 Gender of household Male 31 18 10 7 33 100 1 053 1 129 head Female 21 20 12 9 39 100 760 827 Highest level No formal education 16 20 9 8 47 100 814 801 completed of Incomplete primary 26 19 12 11 33 100 397 415 household head Primary 34 19 9 6 31 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 32 20 18 4 25 100 168 199 Rheto 44 18 12 7 18 100 186 214 Philo/University 57 11 9 4 19 100 87 120 Vocational training 64 11 8 3 16 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 11 14 12 9 54 100 368 372 income, quintiles Low income 12 22 9 9 47 100 360 349 Medium income 26 21 12 7 33 100 361 372 High income 33 23 10 8 25 100 378 423 Highest income 51 14 10 7 18 100 352 442 Region Metropolitan area 38 19 11 7 25 100 443 672 West 26 20 12 7 34 100 368 329 North 19 22 11 8 41 100 234 331 South 29 14 12 7 38 100 254 315 Transversale 19 19 9 10 42 100 519 311 n=All households. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 181 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 10 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 181  7.10 Ability to raise 500 Haitian Gourdes within a week Ability ro raise 500 Haitian Gourdes within a week Perhaps, but I No, it would be Able to raise doubt it impossible Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 182 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 78 7 15 100 1 824 1 960 Area Urban 83 6 11 100 693 935 Rural 75 9 17 100 1 130 1 025 Gender of household Male 80 7 13 100 1 059 1 132 head Female 75 7 17 100 760 826 Highest level No formal education 71 9 20 100 814 800 completed of Incomplete primary 77 9 14 100 399 416 household head Primary 83 6 11 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 87 7 6 100 169 200 Rheto 91 3 6 100 186 214 Philo/University 92 3 6 100 87 120 Vocational training 91 - 9 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 60 12 28 100 368 372 income, quintiles Low income 69 8 24 100 361 349 Medium income 82 7 11 100 365 374 High income 88 6 6 100 378 423 Highest income 91 5 5 100 352 442 Region Metropolitan area 84 5 11 100 445 673 West 81 6 13 100 369 330 North 73 8 19 100 233 330 South 76 7 17 100 254 314 Transversale 74 11 16 100 523 313 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 11 I: Tabulation Report 182 – Fafo-report 2009:53  7.11 Monthly income per capita Monthly income per capita Population Mean 25 percentile Median 75 percentile ('000) Sample size Total 1 557 400 833 1 667 1 827 1 966 Area Urban 2 183 636 1 250 2 500 696 939 Rural 1 172 333 667 1 250 1 131 1 027 Gender of household Male 1 747 429 857 2 000 1 061 1 135 head Female 1 291 375 750 1 500 762 829 Highest level No formal education 1 062 333 625 1 250 816 803 completed of Incomplete primary 1 258 435 800 1 600 399 417 household head Primary 1 675 500 900 1 667 131 154 1st cycle secondary 1 924 500 1 250 2 000 169 200 Rheto 2 136 750 1 571 2 500 188 216 Philo/University 3 841 1 500 3 000 5 000 87 120 Vocational training 8 522 1 250 3 000 5 000 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 204 143 200 250 369 373 income, quintiles Low income 483 400 500 500 361 350 M di edium income 848 750 833 1 000 366 375 High income 1 541 1 250 1 500 1 750 378 423 Highest income 4 813 2 500 3 500 5 000 354 445 Region Metropolitan area 2 306 714 1 500 2 500 448 677 West 1 861 429 833 1 900 369 330 North 1 266 300 714 1 333 234 331 South 1 162 375 750 1 500 254 315 Transversale 1 023 333 667 1 167 523 313 n=All households. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 183 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 12 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 183  7.12 Income quintiles Per capita household income, quintiles Lowest income Low income Medium income High income Highest income Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 20 20 20 21 19 100 1 827 1 966 184 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Area Urban 11 14 17 26 32 100 696 939 Rural 26 23 22 17 12 100 1 131 1 027 Gender of household Male 18 19 21 20 22 100 1 061 1 135 head Female 23 21 19 22 16 100 762 829 Highest level No formal education 28 23 21 17 11 100 816 803 completed of Incomplete primary 18 24 21 21 16 100 399 417 household head Primary 15 16 31 20 18 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 16 16 16 28 23 100 169 200 Rheto 10 10 17 29 35 100 188 216 Philo/University 4 6 7 20 63 100 87 120 Vocational training - 9 8 26 57 100 20 27 Region Metropolitan area 9 13 18 26 35 100 448 677 West 18 20 17 23 22 100 369 330 North 29 20 18 18 15 100 234 331 South 24 23 21 19 14 100 254 315 Transversale 26 24 24 16 10 100 523 313 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 13 I: Tabulation Report 184 – Fafo-report 2009:53  7.13 Food expenditures, last seven days Food expenditures, last seven days Weighted Mean 25 percentile Median 75 percentile number Sample size Total 1 501 700 1 150 1 750 1 811 1 943 Area Urban 1 864 1 000 1 500 2 450 685 921 Rural 1 279 600 1 000 1 750 1 126 1 022 Gender of household Male 1 534 700 1 050 2 000 1 052 1 121 head Female 1 456 700 1 225 1 750 755 820 Highest level No formal education 1 237 600 1 000 1 500 806 794 completed of Incomplete primary 1 367 700 1 050 1 750 398 414 household head Primary 1 901 875 1 575 2 450 130 152 1st cycle secondary 1 713 1 000 1 500 2 100 169 198 Rheto 1 850 1 000 1 500 2 450 186 213 Philo/University 2 485 1 050 2 100 3 500 85 117 Vocational training 2 189 1 050 1 750 2 500 19 26 Per capita household Lowest income 1 145 500 1 000 1 500 366 370 income, quintiles Low income 1 239 600 1 000 1 575 358 347 M di edium income 1 431 700 1 250 1 750 364 373 High income 1 654 1 000 1 400 2 000 377 422 Highest income 2 053 1 000 1 750 2 500 346 431 Region Metropolitan area 2 012 1 000 1 750 2 500 438 660 West 1 504 700 1 250 1 750 367 328 North 1 354 600 1 050 1 750 234 331 South 1 369 700 1 050 1 750 252 313 Transversale 1 198 550 1 000 1 500 520 311 n=All households with food expenditures in the last 7 days. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 185 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 14 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 185  7.14 Non-food expenditures, last month Non-food expenditures, last month Weighted Mean 25 percentile Median 75 percentile number Sample size Total 5 832 2 000 4 250 7 680 1 818 1 954 Area Urban 7 438 2 850 5 800 9 540 691 931 186 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Rural 4 847 1 695 3 400 6 260 1 127 1 023 Gender of household Male 6 145 2 250 4 300 8 150 1 058 1 130 head Female 5 410 1 800 4 100 7 200 756 822 Highest level No formal education 4 659 1 625 3 228 6 250 809 796 completed of Incomplete primary 5 519 1 950 4 300 7 250 399 417 household head Primary 6 692 2 650 4 650 8 500 130 153 1st cycle secondary 6 362 2 600 5 050 8 620 169 200 Rheto 7 551 3 050 5 400 9 600 187 215 Philo/University 10 427 4 500 8 650 14 150 86 118 Vocational training 10 010 3 150 8 080 15 000 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 4 179 1 400 2 800 5 280 366 370 income, quintiles Low income 4 346 1 625 3 150 5 550 360 349 M di edium income 5 741 2 280 4 750 7 623 365 373 High income 6 323 2 670 5 030 8 700 377 422 Highest income 8 648 3 400 6 810 11 000 350 440 Region Metropolitan area 7 950 2 905 6 200 10 125 442 669 West 5 742 2 400 4 500 7 300 367 328 North 5 127 1 565 3 400 7 325 234 331 South 5 351 2 200 4 350 6 910 253 314 Transversale 4 645 1 630 3 300 6 000 521 312 n=All households with non food expenditures in the last month. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 15 I: Tabulation Report 186 – Fafo-report 2009:53  7.15 Electricity expenditures, last three months Amount paid for electricity last three months Weighted Mean 25 percentile Median 75 percentile number Sample size Total 475 0 175 500 571 706 Area Urban 517 0 250 500 438 582 Rural 334 0 0 250 132 124 Gender of household Male 520 0 175 600 317 394 head Female 424 0 200 450 250 310 Highest level No formal education 244 0 20 300 149 158 completed of Incomplete primary 364 0 150 375 106 126 household head Primary 567 150 300 600 50 68 1st cycle secondary 413 0 150 450 75 101 Rheto 562 0 250 600 103 125 Philo/University 980 0 450 1 500 60 86 Vocational training 1 007 0 500 1 500 15 22 Per capita household Lowest income 186 0 0 300 55 59 income, quintiles Low income 270 0 150 350 72 80 Medium income 395 0 150 300 96 115 High income 445 0 250 540 146 186 Highest income 686 0 300 750 202 266 Region Metropolitan area 479 0 250 500 342 486 West 323 0 0 375 114 97 North 698 0 150 750 40 51 South 1 181 300 600 1 400 33 47 Transversale 90 0 0 225 42 25 n=All households connected to electricity network. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 187 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 16 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 187  7.16 Water expenditures, last three months Amount paid for water use last three months Weighted Mean 25 percentile Median 75 percentile number Sample size Total 3 484 150 350 800 539 693 Area Urban 3 780 150 400 900 474 633 188 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Rural 1 336 90 200 360 65 60 Gender of household Male 3 854 150 360 900 297 383 head Female 3 060 150 300 750 240 309 Highest level No formal education 3 541 150 300 800 128 159 completed of Incomplete primary 2 154 150 300 500 111 135 household head Primary 1 820 120 200 750 43 57 1st cycle secondary 1 860 150 300 600 77 105 Rheto 4 291 225 450 950 100 118 Philo/University 4 942 300 700 2 000 55 80 Vocational training 1 109 204 1 000 1 455 11 17 Per capita household Lowest income 3 576 150 240 420 57 72 income, quintiles Low income 524 120 300 672 70 84 Medium income 2 836 150 300 750 97 119 High income 4 640 150 360 900 142 183 Highest income 4 078 175 480 1 000 172 235 Region Metropolitan area 4 588 200 450 1 000 360 525 West 1 706 115 360 600 55 45 North 2 077 75 150 300 48 61 South 437 105 200 500 32 36 Transversale 442 150 190 540 44 26 n=All households with water expenditures in the last three months. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 17 I: Tabulation Report 188 – Fafo-report 2009:53  7.17 Annual housing expenditures Annual housing expenditures Weighted Mean 25 percentile Median 75 percentile number Sample size Total 13 992 3 000 6 000 12 500 361 458 Area Urban 16 487 4 000 7 000 15 000 290 393 Rural 3 747 1 500 2 500 5 000 71 65 Gender of household Male 11 520 3 000 6 000 11 500 183 227 head Female 16 815 3 000 6 000 15 000 174 229 Highest level No formal education 7 954 2 000 3 500 6 000 101 114 completed of Incomplete primary 7 899 3 000 5 000 9 000 60 79 household head Primary 14 024 3 000 6 000 15 000 30 39 1st cycle secondary 9 689 5 000 7 000 10 000 49 69 Rheto 13 110 5 000 7 000 15 000 74 89 Philo/University 48 423 10 000 25 000 60 000 35 52 Vocational training 38 542 5 500 20 000 80 000 3 6 Per capita household Lowest income 8 132 2 000 3 000 5 000 50 53 income, quintiles Low income 9 448 3 000 5 000 7 500 52 57 Medium income 8 219 3 000 5 000 10 000 64 83 High income 11 595 5 000 7 000 12 500 84 117 Highest income 24 103 5 000 8 000 25 000 109 148 Region Metropolitan area 17 758 5 000 7 500 15 000 220 314 West 6 518 2 500 3 500 7 500 46 40 North 14 130 2 500 4 000 15 000 43 56 South 6 193 1 500 2 500 6 000 26 32 Transversale 2 867 1 500 2 500 5 000 25 16 n=All households with housing expenditures in the last 12 months. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 189 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 18 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 189  7.18 Ability to afford medical treatment Ability to afford necessary medical treatment Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 61 39 100 1 820 1 957 Area Urban 67 33 100 691 933 Rural 58 42 100 1 129 1 024 Gender of household Male 63 37 100 1 057 1 130 head Female 59 41 100 759 825 Highest level No formal education 52 48 100 813 798 completed of Incomplete primary 57 43 100 398 415 household head Primary 73 27 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 76 24 100 168 199 Rheto 78 22 100 187 215 Philo/University 71 29 100 87 120 Vocational training 93 7 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 47 53 100 367 370 income, quintiles Low income 55 45 100 361 350 Medium income 62 38 100 365 374 High income 67 33 100 376 421 Highest income 75 25 100 351 442 Region Metropolitan area 68 32 100 444 672 West 62 38 100 368 329 North 58 42 100 234 330 South 62 38 100 253 314 Transversale 55 45 100 521 312 Estimated population=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 190 – Fafo-report 2009:53 19 7.19 Ability to afford to send children to school Ability to afford to send all children to school Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 64 36 100 1 611 1 750 Area Urban 67 33 100 618 844 Rural 63 37 100 992 906 Gender of household Male 69 31 100 920 997 head Female 58 42 100 686 751 Highest level No formal education 56 44 100 718 713 completed of Incomplete primary 65 35 100 357 372 household head Primary 69 31 100 117 139 1st cycle secondary 73 27 100 149 180 Rheto 77 23 100 165 195 Philo/University 84 16 100 75 105 Vocational training 85 15 100 14 20 Per capita household Lowest income 51 49 100 339 346 income, quintiles Low income 63 37 100 327 322 Medium income 62 38 100 331 340 High income 72 28 100 327 374 Highest income 75 25 100 287 368 Region Metropolitan area 69 31 100 396 610 West 68 32 100 314 283 North 63 37 100 216 302 South 66 34 100 229 281 Transversale 58 42 100 456 274 Estimated population=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 191 20  7.20 Ability to afford to buy new rather than second hand clothes Ability to afford to buy new clothes Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 67 33 100 1 819 1 953 Area Urban 70 30 100 691 930 Rural 65 35 100 1 128 1 023 Gender of household Male 69 31 100 1 058 1 130 head Female 65 35 100 757 821 Highest level No formal education 58 42 100 814 800 completed of Incomplete primary 70 30 100 396 412 household head Primary 75 25 100 130 153 1st cycle secondary 74 26 100 169 199 Rheto 80 20 100 185 213 Philo/University 82 18 100 87 120 Vocational training 95 5 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 51 49 100 365 369 income, quintiles Low income 63 37 100 361 349 Medium income 67 33 100 365 373 High income 77 23 100 376 421 Highest income 77 23 100 352 441 Region Metropolitan area 71 29 100 443 669 West 69 31 100 367 328 North 67 33 100 233 329 South 67 33 100 254 315 Transversale 63 37 100 521 312 Estimated population=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 192 – Fafo-report 2009:53 21 7.21 Ability to afford to eat meat, chicken or fish at least 3 times per week Ability to afford to eat meat or fish three times per week Yes No Total Total Population ('000) Sample size Total 26 74 100 1 817 1 953 Area Urban 31 69 100 689 929 Rural 23 77 100 1 127 1 024 Gender of household Male 27 73 100 1 057 1 129 head Female 24 76 100 756 822 Highest level No formal education 18 82 100 810 796 completed of Incomplete primary 21 79 100 399 416 household head Primary 31 69 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 30 70 100 168 198 Rheto 48 52 100 186 214 Philo/University 47 53 100 86 119 Vocational training 55 45 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 17 83 100 366 370 income, quintiles Low income 17 83 100 360 348 Medium income 22 78 100 365 374 High income 29 71 100 373 418 Highest income 45 55 100 352 443 Region Metropolitan area 34 66 100 442 668 West 30 70 100 368 329 North 27 73 100 233 330 South 23 77 100 253 314 Transversale 17 83 100 521 312 Estimated population=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 193 22  7.22 Ability to afford to support other family members in need of help Ability to support other family members Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 27 73 100 1 813 1 950 Area Urban 37 63 100 687 928 Rural 21 79 100 1 126 1 022 Gender of household Male 29 71 100 1 050 1 123 head Female 25 75 100 759 825 Highest level No formal education 18 82 100 809 795 completed of Incomplete primary 22 78 100 397 415 household head Primary 34 66 100 129 153 1st cycle secondary 39 61 100 169 199 Rheto 49 51 100 185 213 Philo/University 52 48 100 87 120 Vocational training 63 37 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 13 87 100 366 370 income, quintiles Low income 18 82 100 360 348 Medium income 26 74 100 364 373 High income 32 68 100 373 418 Highest income 47 53 100 351 441 Region Metropolitan area 41 59 100 438 666 West 28 72 100 367 328 North 31 69 100 233 330 South 22 78 100 253 314 Transversale 17 83 100 522 312 Estimated population=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 194 – Fafo-report 2009:53 23 Chapter 8 Dwelling and infrastructure Main findings Millennium Development Goal 7 aims to ensure envi- Millennium Development Goal 8 promotes the devel- ronmental sustainability through, by 2015,the reduc- opment of a global partnership for development. One tion of the proportion of people without sustainable of the targets is to cooperate with the private sector to access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by make the benefits of new technologies more broadly half. Two of the indicators used to monitor this goal available, especially related to information and com- are the proportion of the population using an improved munications. The progress on this target is assessed drinking water source and the proportion of the popula- by indicators such as telephone lines per 100 population, tion using an improved sanitation facility. cellular subscribers per 100 population and Internet users Nationally, half of Haitian households use an im- per 100 population. proved water source. There are large differences be- The network for fixed telephone lines in Haiti is tween the urban (63 percent) and rural areas (41 per- undeveloped and unstable, and has been surpassed cent). Access to improved water is best in the Northern recently by increased access to and decreasing price region where two-third of households use water from of cellular phones. Only one percent of households a satisfactory source. Water security is lowest in the reports to owning a fixed phone, working or not. More Transversale region where less than one-third of the than one out of four owns a cellular phone. In the urban households have access to safe water. Access to an areas, 42 percent have a cellular phone compared to 18 improved water source exhibits a strong correlation percent in the rural areas. with household income and education level of head Internet access and use is very limited in the rural of household. areas as well as among households in the three lowest One-fourth of households use an improved sanita- income quintiles. One out of three in the urban areas tion facility, twice as many in the urban (35 percent) as report that they have access to Internet, compared to in the rural (17 percent) areas. Access to improved sani- four percent in the rural areas. In total, 14 percent of tation is also increasing along with increased household the Haitian population has Internet access. income and education level of household head. In the Transversale region, only seven percent use improved sanitation facilities which is drastically lower than in all other regions. Definitions Less than half the Haitian households are located in a district with an electricity network, 88 percent Improved water source includes piped water into dwell- in urban areas compared to 18 percent in rural areas. ing or plot; piped water from public tap; covered well Among households located in an area with electricity, or borehole and rainwater collection. It does not in- three out of four are connected to the network. clude unprotected wells, water provided by tanker truck, bottled water or surface water taken directly Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 195  from ­rivers, ponds, streams, lakes, dams, or irrigation channels. In the Haiti Youth Survey households report on the main water source to the households, not spe- cifically on the source of drinking water. This should be taken into consideration when comparing with other data on quality of water sources. Improved sanitation facility refers to facilities that hygienically separate human excreta from human con- tact. Improved facilities include flush/pour flush toilets or latrines connected to a sewer, septic tank, or pit, and ventilated improved pit latrines. Unimproved facili- ties include public or shared facilities of an otherwise acceptable type, outdoors pit latrines or hole in plot which directly discharge in water bodies or in the open and the practice of open defecation in the bush, field or bodies or water. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 196 – Fafo-report 2009:53  8.1 Type of dwelling Type of dwelling Taudis (House Kay bas (One- build with Ajoupa (House level house in Kay a etaj (Kay Apartment Kay atè (Roof and recycled build with organic concrete with iron bas with two or (Dwelling with walls merged) materials) materials) sheets) more levels) several units) Other Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 10 6 11 59 5 6 4 100 1 827 1 965 Area Urban 4 4 1 65 9 13 4 100 695 938 Rural 13 7 17 55 2 2 4 100 1 131 1 027 Gender of household Male 11 6 12 57 5 7 3 100 1 061 1 134 head Female 8 6 10 61 5 6 5 100 762 829 Highest level No formal education 12 8 15 56 2 3 5 100 816 803 completed of Incomplete primary 10 6 14 58 4 3 5 100 399 417 household head Primary 7 2 10 60 5 6 8 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 9 2 5 72 4 7 1 100 169 200 Rheto 4 3 2 62 11 17 2 100 188 216 Philo/University 3 1 - 55 17 23 1 100 86 119 Vocational training - 3 - 49 27 8 14 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 15 8 20 49 2 2 5 100 369 373 income, quintiles Low income 10 9 14 56 5 2 4 100 361 350 Medium income 11 3 10 68 2 3 3 100 366 375 High income 7 6 7 63 5 7 5 100 378 423 Highest income 6 4 3 58 10 16 3 100 353 444 Region Metropolitan area 4 4 0 64 11 14 1 100 448 677 West 6 5 6 66 4 6 7 100 369 330 North 17 6 3 58 4 6 6 100 234 331 South 5 5 18 65 3 3 1 100 253 314 Transversale 15 8 23 46 1 0 6 100 523 313 n=All households. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 197 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 1 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 197  8.2 Access to road Is there a road accessible for cars leading to dwelling Yes, partly paved Yes, dirt road Yes, paved road Yes, gravel road (difficult for car) No road Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 198 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 13 5 33 14 36 100 1 822 1 960 Area Urban 27 11 28 8 25 100 691 933 Rural 4 1 35 17 43 100 1 131 1 027 Gender of household Male 12 5 31 15 37 100 1 059 1 132 head Female 14 4 34 11 36 100 759 826 Highest level No formal education 10 2 29 15 45 100 814 800 completed of Incomplete primary 8 5 34 16 37 100 399 417 household head Primary 13 5 33 17 33 100 130 153 1st cycle secondary 15 6 41 11 26 100 167 198 Rheto 23 12 37 8 21 100 188 216 Philo/University 32 12 33 4 19 100 87 120 Vocational training 24 4 53 5 14 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 6 1 34 18 41 100 367 372 income, quintiles Low income 12 2 30 14 42 100 361 350 Medium income 9 4 32 15 40 100 364 373 High income 14 7 33 13 33 100 377 422 Highest income 23 9 35 7 27 100 352 443 Region Metropolitan area 27 13 26 5 30 100 445 674 West 9 2 39 21 29 100 366 327 North 24 4 49 5 18 100 234 331 South 8 2 31 22 36 100 254 315 Transversale 0 0 27 16 56 100 523 313 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 3 I: Tabulation Report 198 – Fafo-report 2009:53  8.3 Type of tenure Do you own or rent your living quarters Own (plot and Own (dwelling dwelling) only) Rent Other Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 69 7 20 3 100 1 827 1 965 Area Urban 44 9 42 4 100 696 938 Rural 84 6 6 3 100 1 131 1 027 Gender of household Male 72 7 18 4 100 1 061 1 134 head Female 65 8 23 3 100 762 829 Highest level No formal education 78 7 12 3 100 816 803 completed of Incomplete primary 71 9 15 4 100 399 416 household head Primary 68 7 24 1 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 58 8 29 4 100 169 200 Rheto 49 7 40 5 100 188 216 Philo/University 48 4 43 5 100 87 120 Vocational training 72 - 17 10 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 75 8 14 3 100 369 373 income, quintiles Low income 77 6 15 2 100 361 350 Medium income 70 9 18 3 100 366 375 High income 67 6 22 5 100 377 422 Highest income 57 8 32 4 100 354 445 Region Metropolitan area 38 8 50 4 100 447 676 West 72 9 13 6 100 369 330 North 72 7 18 3 100 234 331 South 81 5 10 3 100 254 315 Transversale 86 7 5 2 100 523 313 n=All households. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 199 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 4 I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 199  8.4 Electricity in the village Is there electricity in your quarter/village Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 45 55 100 1 827 1 966 Area Urban 88 12 100 696 939 Rural 18 82 100 1 131 1 027 Gender of household Male 41 59 100 1 061 1 135 head Female 50 50 100 762 829 Highest level No formal education 29 71 100 816 803 completed of Incomplete primary 40 60 100 399 417 household head Primary 52 48 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 63 37 100 169 200 Rheto 72 28 100 188 216 Philo/University 84 16 100 87 120 Vocational training 89 11 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 29 71 100 369 373 income, quintiles Low income 31 69 100 361 350 Medium income 38 62 100 366 375 High income 53 47 100 378 423 Highest income 74 26 100 354 445 Region Metropolitan area 95 5 100 448 677 West 43 57 100 369 330 North 37 63 100 234 331 South 22 78 100 254 315 Transversale 17 83 100 523 313 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 200 – Fafo-report 2009:53 5 8.5 Electricity in the dwelling Is your household connected to the electricity Yes No Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 74 26 100 818 1 007 Area Urban 77 23 100 613 814 Rural 66 34 100 204 193 Gender of household Male 78 22 100 430 537 head Female 69 31 100 384 468 Highest level No formal education 63 37 100 240 260 completed of Incomplete primary 67 33 100 160 190 household head Primary 80 20 100 68 92 1st cycle secondary 74 26 100 107 143 Rheto 84 16 100 136 167 Philo/University 92 8 100 73 104 Vocational training 92 8 100 18 26 Per capita household Lowest income 53 47 100 107 116 income, quintiles Low income 68 32 100 110 122 Medium income 76 24 100 137 167 High income 77 23 100 200 252 Highest income 81 19 100 263 350 Region Metropolitan area 86 14 100 427 631 West 72 28 100 159 140 North 51 49 100 87 107 South 61 39 100 57 76 Transversale 50 50 100 88 53 n=All households in areas with electricity. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 201 6  8.6 Source of light Sources of light used in the household Electricity Private Common Solar Kerosene Propane Battery from EDH generator generator energy Candles lamp lamp lamp Other Total Population Sample ('000) size 202 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 32 2 0 1 56 75 10 1 2 1 827 1 964 Area Urban 66 3 1 1 74 51 16 2 3 696 937 Rural 11 1 0 1 44 91 6 1 1 1 131 1 027 Gender of Male 31 2 0 1 54 75 10 1 2 1 061 1 134 household head Female 34 1 0 1 57 76 10 1 1 762 828 Highest level No formal education 19 1 0 - 49 85 8 0 1 816 803 completed of Incomplete primary 26 1 - 1 55 77 9 1 2 399 417 household head Primary 41 2 - 1 62 68 15 0 1 131 154 1st cycle secondary 45 3 0 1 66 68 12 1 1 169 200 Rheto 58 2 1 4 67 58 11 2 4 187 214 Philo/University 75 9 1 2 60 45 12 5 8 87 120 Vocational training 82 21 - 7 51 50 2 8 5 20 27 Per capita Lowest income 15 0 0 1 50 85 8 0 1 369 373 household income, Low income 20 1 0 0 51 85 8 0 1 361 350 quintiles Medium income 28 1 0 0 53 79 9 0 2 366 375 High income 40 2 0 1 62 71 11 2 2 378 423 Highest income 58 5 0 3 62 56 12 3 4 354 443 Region Metropolitan area 80 3 - 0 80 39 16 2 4 447 675 West 30 2 0 2 56 79 7 0 2 369 330 North 18 3 2 1 42 83 12 0 1 234 331 South 13 2 - 1 45 91 5 2 0 254 315 Transversale 8 0 - 1 46 94 7 0 1 523 313 n=All households. Multiple response possible, total may add up to more than 100. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 202 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1 8.7 Access to improved sanitation (MDG) Sanitation used by the household Not improved Improved Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 76 24 100 1 808 1 942 Area Urban 65 35 100 683 922 Rural 83 17 100 1 125 1 020 Gender of household Male 75 25 100 1 051 1 122 head Female 78 22 100 753 818 Highest level No formal education 85 15 100 807 793 completed of Incomplete primary 80 20 100 399 416 household head Primary 71 29 100 129 153 1st cycle secondary 71 29 100 165 195 Rheto 65 35 100 184 211 Philo/University 33 67 100 86 119 Vocational training 37 63 100 19 26 Per capita household Lowest income 85 15 100 365 369 income, quintiles Low income 85 15 100 359 346 Medium income 79 21 100 360 370 High income 75 25 100 375 419 Highest income 57 43 100 349 438 Region Metropolitan area 62 38 100 440 666 West 70 30 100 365 326 North 80 20 100 227 323 South 74 26 100 253 314 Transversale 93 7 100 523 313 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 203 8  8.8 Type of sanitation Sanitation facility used by the household Modern water Ventilated, build in Outdoors latrine/ closet latrine hole on plot No facilities/ nature Other Total Population Total ('000) Sample size 204 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Total 7 38 22 32 0 100 1 823 1 960 Area Urban 15 57 19 9 1 100 694 935 Rural 2 27 24 47 0 100 1 129 1 025 Gender of household Male 7 37 23 33 0 100 1 058 1 131 head Female 7 40 21 32 0 100 761 827 Highest level No formal education 1 28 25 45 0 100 814 801 completed of Incomplete primary 4 38 21 36 0 100 399 417 household head Primary 7 43 26 24 - 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 8 58 19 15 1 100 169 200 Rheto 15 54 21 9 0 100 186 213 Philo/University 42 44 11 3 - 100 87 120 Vocational training 47 38 15 - - 100 19 26 Per capita household Lowest income 2 28 25 45 1 100 368 372 income, quintiles Low income 3 29 26 43 0 100 360 349 Medium income 2 41 22 35 0 100 364 374 High income 8 45 20 27 0 100 378 423 Highest income 21 47 20 12 1 100 353 442 Region Metropolitan area 18 60 17 4 - 100 445 673 West 6 42 22 29 1 100 369 330 North 4 36 22 36 1 100 233 330 South 5 36 19 41 - 100 253 314 Transversale - 18 29 53 - 100 523 313 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume 9 I: Tabulation Report 204 – Fafo-report 2009:53 8.9 Shared or private sanitation Sanitation facility shared with non household members Private Shared No answer Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 33 66 2 100 1 805 1 939 Area Urban 41 59 1 100 685 923 Rural 28 70 2 100 1 120 1 016 Gender of household Male 36 63 2 100 1 048 1 120 head Female 29 70 2 100 753 817 Highest level No formal education 24 73 2 100 805 791 completed of Incomplete primary 29 69 2 100 396 413 household head Primary 40 60 - 100 129 153 1st cycle secondary 39 60 1 100 167 197 Rheto 43 56 1 100 184 210 Philo/University 73 27 - 100 86 119 Vocational training 68 32 - 100 20 27 Per capita household Lowest income 25 72 3 100 366 368 income, quintiles Low income 26 72 2 100 357 345 Medium income 31 68 1 100 360 370 High income 32 66 2 100 374 419 Highest income 50 49 0 100 348 437 Region Metropolitan area 42 57 1 100 437 662 West 39 61 - 100 369 330 North 32 61 8 100 226 322 South 39 61 - 100 252 313 Transversale 18 80 1 100 521 312 n=All households. 10 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 205  8.10 Access to improved water source (MDG) Improved water source Improved Unimproved water source water source Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 49 51 100 1 822 1 961 Area Urban 63 37 100 692 935 Rural 41 59 100 1 130 1 026 Gender of Male 47 53 100 1 059 1 132 household head Female 52 48 100 761 828 Highest level No formal education 44 56 100 811 799 completed of Incomplete primary 47 53 100 399 417 household head Primary 53 47 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 58 42 100 169 200 Rheto 58 42 100 188 216 Philo/University 64 36 100 86 119 Vocational training 72 28 100 20 27 Per capita Lowest income 43 57 100 368 372 household income, Low income 45 55 100 361 350 quintiles Medium income 44 56 100 365 374 High income 52 48 100 377 422 Highest income 63 37 100 350 443 Region Metropolitan area 57 43 100 443 673 West 51 49 100 369 330 North 66 34 100 234 331 South 55 45 100 254 315 Transversale 31 69 100 521 312 n=All households. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 206 – Fafo-report 2009:53 1  8.11 Type of main water sources Household's main source of water Piped water into Piped water from Covered well Water bought dwelling or plot public tap Open well or borehole Surface water Rainwater Tanker truck by the gallon Other Total Population Sample Total ('000) size Total 11 28 4 10 35 0 5 4 4 100 1 822 1 961 Area Urban 21 33 2 9 3 0 12 10 10 100 692 935 Rural 4 26 4 11 54 0 0 0 0 100 1 130 1 026 Gender of Male 10 28 2 9 39 0 5 3 4 100 1 059 1 132 household head Female 11 30 5 11 30 - 4 4 5 100 761 828 Highest level No formal education 5 29 3 10 46 - 3 1 2 100 811 799 completed of Incomplete primary 8 28 4 10 39 0 4 2 3 100 399 417 household head Primary 14 29 3 10 30 - 3 5 5 100 131 154 1st cycle secondary 13 33 3 12 21 1 7 9 2 100 169 200 Rheto 22 27 3 9 13 0 7 8 11 100 188 216 Philo/University 34 21 3 8 6 - 13 8 6 100 86 119 Vocational training 31 16 12 24 - - 3 8 5 100 20 27 Per capita Lowest income 4 29 4 10 45 0 2 2 4 100 368 372 household income, Low income 6 31 4 8 43 - 2 2 3 100 361 350 quintiles Medium income 8 26 2 9 42 - 4 4 4 100 365 374 High income 12 27 4 13 29 - 7 5 3 100 377 422 Highest income 23 28 3 11 15 1 8 5 7 100 350 443 Region Metropolitan area 18 34 1 5 1 0 17 12 12 100 443 673 West 6 28 6 16 42 - 0 1 - 100 369 330 North 10 32 1 25 26 0 1 4 1 100 234 331 South 12 34 4 8 40 0 1 1 0 100 254 315 Transversale 6 20 5 5 61 - - - 3 100 521 312 n=All households. Fafo-report 2009:53 – 207 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 207 1  8.12 Telephone lines per 100 population (MDG) Population with fixed telephone in household With fixed Without fixed phone phone Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 1 99 100 8 360 8 978 Area Urban 3 97 100 3 032 4 087 Rural 0 100 100 5 328 4 891 Gender Male 2 98 100 4 043 4 359 Female 1 99 100 4 291 4 605 Highest level No formal education 1 99 100 3 733 3 690 completed of Incomplete primary 1 99 100 1 941 1 992 household head Primary 1 99 100 639 773 1st cycle secondary 1 99 100 751 879 Rheto 3 97 100 774 893 Philo/University 7 93 100 356 490 Vocational training 7 93 100 69 104 Per capita household Lowest income 1 99 100 1 898 1 909 income, quintiles Low income 1 99 100 1 830 1 829 Medium income 1 99 100 1 777 1 798 High income 2 98 100 1 652 1 875 Highest income 4 96 100 1 203 1 567 Region Metropolitan area 3 97 100 1 909 2 907 West 2 98 100 1 666 1 494 North - 100 100 1 131 1 602 South 1 99 100 1 242 1 541 Transversale 0 100 100 2 412 1 434 n=All population. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 208 – Fafo-report 2009:53 13 8.13 Cellular subscribers per 100 population (MDG) Population having cellular phone With cellular Without cellular phone phone Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 27 73 100 8 353 8 983 Area Urban 42 58 100 3 025 4 083 Rural 18 82 100 5 328 4 900 Gender Male 28 72 100 4 038 4 359 Female 25 75 100 4 290 4 610 Highest level No formal education 16 84 100 3 733 3 697 completed of Incomplete primary 23 77 100 1 936 1 986 household head Primary 32 68 100 642 779 1st cycle secondary 39 61 100 745 874 Rheto 47 53 100 771 890 Philo/University 63 37 100 360 497 Vocational training 67 33 100 68 103 Per capita household Lowest income 15 85 100 1 891 1 904 income, quintiles Low income 18 82 100 1 832 1 835 Medium income 25 75 100 1 774 1 794 High income 32 68 100 1 653 1 881 Highest income 52 48 100 1 203 1 569 Region Metropolitan area 48 52 100 1 908 2 908 West 26 74 100 1 659 1 489 North 23 77 100 1 126 1 598 South 24 76 100 1 247 1 554 Transversale 13 87 100 2 412 1 434 n=All population. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 209 14  8.14 Internet users per 100 population (MDG) Population with access to Internet With Internet Without Internet Total Population Total ('000) Sample size Total 14 86 100 8 343 8 956 Area Urban 32 68 100 3 024 4 073 Rural 4 96 100 5 319 4 883 Gender Male 14 86 100 4 032 4 345 Female 15 85 100 4 285 4 597 Highest level No formal education 6 94 100 3 730 3 685 completed of Incomplete primary 10 90 100 1 941 1 992 household head Primary 13 87 100 639 773 1st cycle secondary 17 83 100 746 869 Rheto 37 63 100 766 887 Philo/University 58 42 100 355 489 Vocational training 71 29 100 69 104 Per capita household Lowest income 5 95 100 1 888 1 901 income, quintiles Low income 7 93 100 1 830 1 829 Medium income 10 90 100 1 777 1 798 High income 21 79 100 1 645 1 862 Highest income 37 63 100 1 202 1 566 Region Metropolitan area 38 62 100 1 901 2 893 West 9 91 100 1 666 1 494 North 13 87 100 1 130 1 600 South 11 89 100 1 242 1 541 Transversale 2 98 100 2 404 1 428 n=All population. Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 210 – Fafo-report 2009:53 15 Technical Appendix: Sample Design The Haiti Youth Survey (HYS) covers all the population in Haiti and was conducted during February–April, 2009. The main objective of the survey was to study the living conditions of Haitian youth with a particular emphasis on education, employment and migration. The main design characteristics of the sample used in this study are as follows: • The target population of the study was all Haitian households; • The sample frame was the list of enumeration areas (PSUs) that were used for the recent census in Haiti (2003). • The population was classified into five main reporting domains (regions): Metropolitan, West, North, South, and Transversal regions. Each of them contained administrative departments. The ten current administrative departments in Haiti were grouped as following: ◆ Metropolitan: Metropolitan communes in Département de l’Ouest. ◆ West: All communes in Département du Sud-Est and Département de l’Ouest, except the metropolitans. ◆ North: Département du Nord-Est and Département du Nord. ◆ South: Département de la Grand’Anse, Département des Nippes and Département du Sud. ◆ Transversale: Département de l’Artibonite, Département du Centre and Département du Nord-Ouest. • Each domain received an allocation of 20 primary sampling units (PSUs), except the metropolitan region that received 40 PSUs due to the large population size living in this region. • The selection of PSUs was based on probability proportionate to size (PPS). • In each of the clusters, 17 households were randomly selected using linear systematic selection. With this design, the survey was planned to be conducted in 120 clusters and 2040 households. The sample thus gives two types of analytical units: the household and an individual youth between the age of 10 and 24. Allocation The following table describes the overall allocation of the samples in the five regions. Metropolitan West North South Transversale Total number of PSUs 1,897 2,743 1,605 1,969 3,753 Population (households before listing) 410,231 226,205 267,671 534,629 380,927 Population (persons before listing) 1,916,133 1,131,428 1,248,579 2,412,101 1,665,509 Selected PSUs 40 20 20 20 20 Sample take per PSU 17 17 17 17 17 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 211  Last stage sampling method In all the regions the procedures for selecting households and individuals were the same. When a given cluster was selected from a region, a household listing exercise was conducted to list all the households living in the cluster. When all households had been identified and listed, a linear systematic sample of 17 households was drawn in each selected cluster from the updated list of households. Randomly selected youth In addition to the household, one young person within the household in the age group of 10-24 was selected for interview. The selection of the person was done by use of a set of pre-printed kish-tables on the front page of the household questionnaire. The household members were listed on the roster form, and the eligible young person with the pre-specified random number was selected. Overall sampling design and inclusion probabilities The sample design followed these steps: • Stratification into 5 reporting domains • Selection of a total of 120 enumeration areas (PSUs) • Final stage selection of 17 households in each PSU from lists of households The following notation will be employed for the mathematical formulas used. Table 1. Notations Symbol Meaning N Population count N’ Population count as listed n Sample count (as per the sample allocation) p Inclusion probability s Index of stratum c Index of PSU h Index of household d Index of individual with in the household Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 212 – Fafo-report 2009:53 Selection of clusters (PSUs) PSU selection was PPS (Probability proportionate to size). The size estimated used was the size of the PSU in households. Equation 1 . Selection of households from list Households were selected from the list obtained by the household listing exercise using linear sys- tematic sampling. The inclusion probability of households is given by Equation 2. Equation 2 . Selection of a randomly selected youth (RSY) The selection of RSY was in all cases a simple random sampling from the eligible individuals (i.e., person in the age group of 10-24). Accordingly the inclusion probabilities are: . Inclusion probabilities: all stages combined The combined inclusion probabilities taking into account of the two stages for households are: Equation 3 and for the RSY: Equation 4 Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report Fafo-report 2009:53 – 213  Sampling weights There are two types of sampling weights. The expansion weights create estimates equivalent to real numbers in the population, while the relative weights retain the sample size and only adjust the relative contribution of each unit of analysis (household or individual). The expansion weights are calculated as the inverse of the sampling probability; while the relative weights are calculated as the expansion weight divided by the mean of all the expansion weights. Thus, the expansion sampling weight for household is: Equation 5 . The relative sampling weight is then: Equation 6 . Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report 214 – Fafo-report 2009:53  Haiti Youth Survey 2009 Henriette Lunde (ed.) Henriette Lunde (ed.) This report presents the tabulations from the Haiti Youth Survey, a follow up to the 2001 Haiti Living Condition Survey with a special focus on youth. One-third of the Haitian population is Haiti Youth Survey 2009 between 10 and 24 years of age and the opportunities made available to them will greatly influence whether Haiti will stabilize and prosper, or relapse into conflict. The chapters in the Volume I: Tabulation Report report document the situation for Haitian youth in key sectors such as education, labour force Haiti Youth Survey 2009 – Volume I: Tabulation Report participation, migration and feeling of security. The report also contains data at the household level on central topics affecting the conditions for youth in the household, such as composition of households, household economy and access to infrastructure. A set of indicators used to assess selected Millennium Development Goals is also included in the report. The Haiti Youth Survey is a national survey of close to 2,000 households implemented by Fafo in collaboration with Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance. This report, as well as the analytical report from the survey, will also be made available in French. The Haiti Youth Survey is financed by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Henriette Lunde (ed.) P.O.Box 2947 Tøyen Fafo-report 2009:53 Fafo N-0608 Oslo ISBN 978-82-7422-711-8 www.fafo.no/english/ ISSN 0801-6143 Order no. 20143 20143-omslag.indd 1 09.02.2010 13:34:19