(2016) UrDI zone de Canaan : plan de quartier pour Canaan IV

UrDI - Urban Structure Plan 3.4. CANAAN IV 1 2 3 4 Section A No-Built areas 5 8 7 6 Terrain public réservé Canaan IV, located in the central part of Canaan, is the densest and is one of the smallest neighbourhood in terms of area. In the north, the slopes are too steep, however, in the south, the presence of wide plateaus gives the potential for development. The proposals in this section are based on a participatory process with the Canaan IV community that lasted an average of three months. The UN-Habitat team maps the existing situation and then the community validates and proposes ideas. The LAB of urban planning and design checks the proposed interventions and modifies if necessary. Then, a neighbourhood assembly is organized to present the vision and a land use plan is developed. Terrain public réservé pour la station de police Terrain public réservé 1. Mapping the existing situation 4. New proposals draft 7. Draft of land use plan 2. Mapping proposed interventions 5. Selected interventions map 8. Charrette and implementation 3. Community workshops 6. Neighbourhood assemblies Fig.107: Canaan IV: participatory planning process 92 U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e A. STREET NETWORK Currently, the street network occupies only 11% of the neighbourhood area. There are only secondary roads with the majority leading to a dead-end. To guarantee a good mobility and prevent any congestion, the enhancement of the street network in Canaan IV is vital. It is essential as well to preserve spaces for streets in means to ensure a fluidity of vehicular circulation. Many arterial and main roads are proposed in the new plan. For these roads, two options (A and B, see below) are proposed, with each different width is defined for the different typed of roads. Canaan IV will witness an increase from 13% to 24.2%. The proposed street network does not only propose new streets but also looks in upgrading the existing ones. Existing situation Proposed street network Streets percentage Streets percentage 24.27% -Option A UN-Habitat: 30% Arterial road: 24m Main roads: 18m Secondary streets: 12m 11% - Option B Arterial road: 18m Main roads: 12m Secondary streets: 9m Streets km/sq.km UN-Habitat: 18 km/sq.km 18.48 km/sq.km Fig.108: Canaan IV: existing street network Fig.109: Canaan IV: Proposed street network Layers of the proposed street network National road Arterial road Main roads Secondary streets Fig.110: Canaan IV: Layers of the proposed street network 93 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan B. PUBLIC SPACES Existing Public Spaces Fig.111: Canaan IV: Existing Public spaces # PUBLIC SPACES IN CANAAN IV STATUS NAME Neighbourhood area 1 Public space Existing 2 Public space Proposed by the community 3 Public space Proposed by the community Place Public Canaan IV Place Preval Fig.112: Canaan IV: Public spaces proposed by the community m2 Ha 465.200 46 628 0,06 628 0,06 730 0.073 216 0.021 946 0.09 4 Public space Proposed by lab 833 0.083 5 Public space Proposed by lab 232 0.023 6 Public space Proposed by lab 271 0.027 7 Public space Proposed by lab 174 0.017 8 Public space Proposed by lab 291 0.0291 9 Public space Proposed by lab 481 0.0481 10 Public space Proposed by lab 134 0.0134 11 Public space Proposed by lab 319 0.0319 12 Public space Proposed by lab 352 0.0352 3087 0.31 4667 0.47 total: 94 Proposed by UN-Habitat LAB Proposed by the community Fig.113: Canaan IV Public spaces proposed by UN-Habitat LAB % 100% 0,03% 0.20% 1% At present, the neighbourhood has just one public square that occupies 600m2. As UN-Habitat recommends 15% coverage, it is necessary to consider vacant lands to develop new public spaces. Following the participatory sessions, the inhabitants expressed their need to have more space allocated to public uses. The community has therefore proposed two new open public spaces. Adding the community’s proposals to the existing situation, the percentage of public spaces is still low. Since the number is not yet sufficient, the LAB has suggested the establishment of nine other spaces scattered around the neighbourhood. Table 16. Canaan IV: Percentage of public spaces U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e Also, the community and the LAB have proposed a reforestation project in the northern part. This area has been designed with the potential to become an open public space. If this proposal is implemented, the designated public space in the Canaan IV neighbourhood will reach 2%. # 4 OPEN PUBLIC SPACE IN CANAAN IV m2 Ha % Neighbourhood area 465.200 46 100% Public spaces 4667 0.47 1% 7,374 0.73 7,374 0.73 1,59 12,041 1.20 2.59% Reforestation STATUS NAME Proposed by the LAB Total: Total of open public spaces: Proposed public spaces with 400 metres buffer Existing public spaces Proposed by the community Proposed by UN-Habitat LAB Table 17. Canaan IV: Total percentage of open public spaces The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 9m2/inhabitant Existing Proposed public space Proposed P.S + non-aedificandi 628 m2 4.667 m2 12.041 m2 10.315 Inhabitants 10.315 Inhabitants 10.315 Inhabitants 0,016 m2/inhabitant 0.45 m2/inhabitans 1.17 m2/inhabitant Table 18. Canaan IV: Public space area per inhabitant diagram Fig.114: Canaan IV: Overall public spaces’ land use and buffer area (400m) 95 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan C. RESIDENTIAL AREAS 0.47 km2 Proposed densities Neighbourhood area 10,315 Inhabitants Low density (source ARC household survey 2016) 21,946 people/km2 Fig.116: Canaan IV: Projected population increase Existing residential areas The low density dwellings are located to the north and reach the limit of Canaan IV and the steep slopes to the north. Considering that the density is 12,000 inhab. Per km2, the proposed plan is capable of accommodating about 1,259 inhabitants. Settlements in this classification are often connected by secondary streets. It is possible to have small shops in condition to provide access to the pedestrian path. Medium density Medium-density areas are located in the centre and near low-density zones. In the new land use plan, existing areas that are once considered as low density, are recommended to be converted to a higher density. This implies that a densification approach must be taken. It is suggested to have 18,000 inhabitants. Per km2 in the case of this neighbourhood as the density is already high. Respecting the proposed plan, the district will accommodate 1,064 inhabitants. High density Fig.115: Canaan IV: Existing settlements With a population of 10,315 inhabitants and an area of 0.47km2, the density of this neighbourhood is considered very high. Canaan IV is one of the most densely populated areas in Canaan. 96 Fig.117: Canaan IV: Contours The topography is not abrupt in the northern periphery, as to the centre and south, it is moderate. For the classification of high-density zones, UN-Habitat recommends to have 15,000 inhab. Per km2. As Canaan IV is of high density, this classification will consider 24,000 inhabitants. Per km2 as density. These areas are located in the south with direct access to the arterial roads. It is often preferable to locate high-density dwellings near commercial areas in order to promote a more compact city. The new proposal will accommodate up to 3,000 inhabitants. U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e Fig.118: Canaan IV: Diagram of population in the new proposed residential areas. If the annual growth remains of 4%, Canaan IV will not be able to accommodate its estimated population growth in the coming years. This means that the plan, as it stands, will no longer be able to adapt to the urban growth. Evacuation measures for inhabitants living in high-risk areas should be considered as well as extension strategies should be put in place. The existence of economic activities in residential areas is encouraged provided they have direct access to the streets. The size of the commerce depends on the types of roads and the density of the houses; the higher the density, the bigger the commerce and vice versa. The compactness of cities is strongly related to the integration of different land uses into the urban fabric. Low density Medium density High density Fig.119: Canaan IV: Residential areas and proposed densities 97 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan D. COMMERCIAL AREAS Existing commercial Proposed commercial areas (mixed-use) 37 10% Existing commercial points (of the total neighbourhood area) (source OSM) Proposed Commercial and mixed use areas 0 500m produced 03.11.2016 Fig.120: Canaan IV: Existing commercial points (Source: OSM) Fig.121: Canaan IV: Proposed commercial areas According to the OpenStreetMap databases, there are a total of 37 small businesses in Canaan IV. These services are located in the south-eastern part of the neighbourhood facing the new arterial road. There are several types of commerce such as grocery stores, hairdressers and vegetable markets. Canaan IV should consider the allocation of new commercial services to enhance the local economy. The location of the commercial activities in the centre with direct access to main road is encouraged in order to increase the accessibility for the inhabitants. Following the community workshops, the needs of the residents were expressed by designating areas adjacent to the arterial road as commercial areas, as well as at the boundary of the neighbourhood. These activities have the potential to generate a new, highly diverse sector within the local economy, with opportunities for job creation. They therefore act as catalysts for initiating a structural transformation. The proposed commercial areas will occupy 10%. 98 U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e E. PUBLIC FACILITIES There are 6 schools that are well distributed in Canaan IV. The data has been validated with the community but there is still a lack of information about the types of schools (primary, secondary, etc.). It was a challenge to predict the required number of facilities for the population. Education plays a major role in reducing poverty and inequality. For that, it is always advisable to reserve certain land for the extension of existing facilities and/or for the provision of new schools. RELIGIOUS - EXISTING EDUCATION - EXISTING HEALTH - EXISTING OTHER PUBLIC FACILITIES - EXISTING Fig.122: Canaan IV: Existing public facilities and a 500m buffer catchment area. 15% Less than 10 years 5% Illiterate 27% Primary school (not finished) 12% Primary school (finished) 26% Secondary school (not finished) 10% Secondary school (finished) 3% Professional school 3% University Table 19. Canaan IV: Participation level (Croix Rouge Americaine, Juillet 2016) The area contains 8 places of worship that are spread out fairly. No information is available about health services, community centres, security stations and others. For planning purposes, and in order to have a long-term sustainable city, it is essential to consider the services mentioned in the new design of the neighbourhood. Generally, these services require good accessibility and therefore their location must be well studied. Normally, it is recommended to locate them within 500 metres from the settlements so that they are easily accessible. Fig.123: Canaan IV: Existing public facilities 99 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan F. NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT It is almost impossible to develop the northern part of the neighbourhood due to the complex topography and the steep slopes. The region present a high erosion risk, and for that, new reforestation projects are proposed in means to prevent any landslide. #4 The no-built areas occupy 1.59% of the total neighbourhood area. # 14 No-built areas m2 ha % Neighbourhood area 460,000 46 100% Reforestation 7,374 0.7374 7,374 0.7374 1,59% Table 20. Canaan IV: Total percentage of no-built areas Proposed buffer zone along the rivers and ravines Proposed area for livestock grazing Proposed area for reforestation High environmental risk areas Legend Existing quarries Proposed buffer zone along the rivers and ravines Existing rivers and ravines Proposed area for livestock grazing Proposed area for reforestation High environmental risk areas Existing rivers and ravines Quarries 100 0 500m produced 03.11.2016 Fig.124: Canaan IV: No-built areas U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e G. CANAAN IV LAND USE The assemblies, facilitated by the UN-Habitat team in Haiti, identified the main needs of the residents of Canaan IV. The proposed land-use plan is the result of the ongoing participatory process with the community. It responds as much as possible to their needs and proposes new ideas that can induce prosperity and sustainability. Even though the plan addressed the issues of land uses and increase the street network, the public spaces and commerce, public facilities however remain insufficient. An elaboration of the plan is essential once all the information are provided. To ensure Canaan IV sustainability, it is recommended not to further densify it. The plan was reviewed as a whole, taking into account the neighbourhoods nearby and how they connect. It is mandatory to situate each of the individual neighbourhood plans in the whole Canaan area to achieve a coherent and rich structure. Fig.125: Canaan IV: Proposed land use plan 101