(2016) UrDI zone de Canaan : plan de quartier pour Canaan I

U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e 3. NEIGHBOURHOODS’ PLANS 61 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan 3.1. CANAAN I 1 2 3 4 Section A 5 No-Built areas 1. 15. Canaan I, located in the centre of Canaan, is a mixed usage neighbourhood with a population of 13,779 inhabitants. The central area is the densest in terms of settlements and services; especially around the arterial roads. In the South, the topography of Canaan I has large plateaus and therefore hold great potential for development. 1. 15. 8 LEGENDE/ LEGEND A M S 7 1. Délimitation du quartier Neighborhood boundary Route nationale National road Artère Arterial road 23m / 18m 1. Reforestation 6 15. Rue principale Main street 18m / 12m Rue secondaire Secondary street 12 / 9m 14. 16. Nouvelle rue New street 17. 21. 18. 13. Zones résidentielles / Haute densité Residential areas / High density 19. 20. Zones résidentielles/ Moyenne densité Residential areas / Medium density Zones résidentielles / Faible densité Residential areas / Low density 10. 9. 11. 2. 12. Zones commerciales Commercial areas 6. 2. Zones industrielles Industrial areas 2. Zones spéciales Special areas 2. Place Publique de Canaan Lieu de recueillement Worship Établissement public (hôpital, administration, centre communautaire...) Public facility (hospital, administration, community center...) ZONES NON-AEDIFICANDI (zones à risque: érosion, inondations, montagneuses...) NON-AEDIFICANDI AREAS (risk areas: erosion, flooding, mountainous terrain) 2. Reforestation 8. Écoles et garderies School / kindergarten Espace public (places publiques, marché, jardins...) Public space (square, market, park...) 7. 5. Park 2. 4. 3. 0 500 1000m draft 14.09.2016 Espace ouvert (zone tampon, corridor vert, réforestation, forêt...) Open areas (buffer strip/green corridor, reforestation, forest...) Zones de pâturage Land for livestock grazing The following land use proposals in this section are based on a participatory process within three months’ time-frame. The UN-Habitat team maps the existing situation and the community validates and proposes ideas. The urban Lab rechecks the suggested interventions and modifies if necessary. After that, a neighbourhood assembly is organized to showcase the overall vision and a land use is later developed. Ravines, rivières et ruisseaux Ravines, rivers and streams Canaan I land use plan / sketch / 10.09.2016 1. Mapping the existing situation 4. New proposals draft 7. Draft of land use plan 2. Mapping proposed interventions 5. Selected interventions map 8. Charrette and implementation 3. Community workshops 6. Neighbourhood assemblies Fig.50: Canaan I: participatory planning process 62 U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e A. STREET NETWORK Currently, the road network occupies 9% of the total area of the neighbourhood. There is only secondary roads with the majority being dead-ends roads. The northern part is deprived from roads due to the steep slopes. To guarantee a good mobility and to prevent any congestion, the enhancement of the road network in Canaan I is indispensable. Preserving space for the streets improve the connectivity and ensure smooth traffic flow. Many arterial and main roads are proposed in the new plan of Canaan I. For these roads, two options (A and B, see below) are suggested, with each, different width are defined for the different types of roads. Following the new recommendations, the percentage of spaces allocated for the roads will increase 20% reaching 27.5%. The proposed road network not only suggests new roads, but also looks into upgrading the existing situation by enlarging the roads for example. Existing situation Proposed street network Streets percentage Streets percentage 27.5% -Option A UN-Habitat: 30% Arterial road: 24m Main roads: 18m Secondary streets: 12m 9% - Option B Arterial road: 18m Main roads: 12m Secondary streets: 9m Streets km/sq.km UN-Habitat: 18 km/sq.km 14.4 km/sq.km Fig.51: Canaan I: existing street network Fig.52: Canaan I: Proposed street network Layers of the proposed street network National road Arterial road Main roads Secondary streets Fig.53: Canaan I: Layers of the proposed street network 63 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan B. PUBLIC SPACES Existing Public Spaces Fig.54: Canaan I: Existing Public spaces # PUBLIC SPACE CANAAN I Status Name (if any) NEIGHBOURHOOD AREA Fig.55: Canaan I: Public spaces proposed by the community m2 ha 2,000,000 200 950 0.095 Existing 763 0.0763 Existing 3,376 0.3376 5,089 0.51 1 Public space Existing 2 Public space 3 Football field Proposed by UN-Habitat LAB Proposed by the community 4 Park proposed by the community 12,908 1.2908 5 Park proposed by the community Place Publique de Canaan 53,199 5.3199 6 Public space proposed by the community 17,692 1.7692 83,799 8.38 % 100% 0,25% 4,08% 8 Public space proposed by the LAB 2,474 0.2474 9 Public space proposed by the LAB 2,500 0.25 10 Public space proposed by the LAB 1,085 0.1085 11 Public space proposed by the LAB 2,000 0.2 8,059 0.56 0,39% 96,947 9.69 4.72% total: Table 1. Canaan I: Percentage of public spaces 64 Fig.56: Canaan I: Public spaces proposed by UN-Habitat LAB Currently, Canaan I has three public spaces including a soccer field. Together, these spaces occupy 0.25% of the total neighbourhood’s area. As UN-Habitat recommends a coverage of 15%, it is then necessary to consider vacant lands for the development of new public spaces. Following the community workshops, the inhabitants expressed the necessity of having spaces allocated to the public good. The community therefore proposed three new spaces where two of them are parks. Adding the community’s proposition to the existing situation, the percentage of the public spaces has seen an increase of 4%. Considering that the number is not yet sufficient, the Lab suggested the allocation of four new spaces in the Eastern part of the neighbourhood. U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e Also, the community and the Lab respectively proposed a reforestation project and a buffer riparian area. These spaces are designed with the potential of been public spaces. If these proposals are implemented, the designated public space in the Canaan I neighbourhood would reach 21%. Proposed public spaces with 400 metres buffer Existing public spaces Proposed by the community Proposed by UN-Habitat LAB # PUBLIC SPACE IN Canaan I Status Name (if any) m2 Ha % Neighbourhood area 2,000,000 200 100% Public spaces 96,947 9.69 4,72% 12 Reforestation Proposed by the community 290,000 29 13 Buffer Zone /Green corridors along streams and rivers Proposed by the LAB 76,266 7.62 336100 33,6 16% 433,047 43.3 21% Total: Public spaces and open areas total: Table 2. Canaan I: Total percentage of open public spaces The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 9m2/inhabitant Existing Proposed public space Proposed P.S + non-aedificandi 5.089 m2 69.947 m2 433.047 m2 13.779 inhabitants 13.779 inhabitants 13.779 inhabitants 0.36 m /inhabitant 5 m /inhabitant 31.4 m2/inhabitant 2 2 Table 3. Canaan I: Public space area per inhabitant diagram Fig.57: Canaan I : Overall public spaces’ land use and buffer area (400m) 65 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan C. RESIDENTIAL AREA 2 km2 Proposed densities Neighbourhood area 13,779 Inhabitants Low density The low density areas are located on the low edge of the neighbourhood and reach the limit of Canaan I towards the south and the steep slopes towards the north. Considering the density is of 12,000 people/km2, the proposed plan can host up to 2,002 inhabitants. The settlements in this classification are often connected to secondary roads. It is possible to have small commercial activities provided that pedestrian access is ensured. (Source ARC household survey 2016) 6,900 People/km2 Existing residential areas Fig.59: Canaan I: Projected population increase Medium density Medium-density dwellings are located in the centre and close to the main roads. In the new land use plan, existing areas that are considered as low density, are recommended to be converted to a higher density. This implies that a densification approach must be taken. It is suggested to have 18,000 inhab./km2 in medium density areas. Respecting the proposed plan, Canaan I will accommodate 4,004 inhabitants. High density For the high density areas, UN-Habitat recommends to have 15,000 people/km2 but considering that the density is already high, we adopted 24,000 inhab/km2 for this neighbourhood. These areas are located in the centre with direct access to the arterial road. It is preferable to situate high density areas near commercial activities in order to have a more compact city. The new proposal can accommodate 9,018 inhabitants in the neighbourhood of Canaan I. Fig.58: Canaan I : Existing settlements With a population of 13,779 inhabitants and an area of 2km2, the density of the neighbourhood is 6,900 people/km2. 66 Fig.60: Canaan I: Contours Canaan I is therefore one the less dense neighbourhood in the study area. The topography is a bit steep on the periphery, as for the centre, it is moderate. U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e Fig.61: Canaan I: Diagram of population in the new proposed residential areas. It is expected that the current population of 13,779 inhabitants will reach 30,191 in the upcoming 20 years, if the growth rate remains of 4%. After densifiying some of the areas, Canaan I will be able to accommodate 15,024 inhabitants. This means that the plan, as it is, won’t be able to cope with the urban growth. Evacuation measures for inhabitants living in high-risk areas should be considered as well as extension strategies should be put in place. Economical activities in residential areas is highly encouraged provided they have direct access to the streets. The size shops is strictly related to the types of roads they face and the density of the dwellings; the higher the density, the bigger the commerce and vice versa. The compactness of cities is triggered by the integration of different land uses in the urban fabric. Low density Medium density High density Fig.62: Canaan I: Residential areas and proposed densities 67 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan D. COMMERCIAL AREAS Existing commercial Proposed commercial areas (mixed-use) 22 6.2% Existing commercial points (of the total neighbourhood area) (source OSM) Proposed Commercial and mixed use areas 0 500 1000m produced 03.11.2016 Fig.63: Canaan I : Existing commercial points (Source: OSM) Fig.64: Canaan I : Proposed commercial areas According to OpenStreetMap databases, there are a total of 22 small shops in Canaan I. These services are located in the southeastern part of the neighbourhood facing the new arterial road. There are several types of commerce in this neighbourhood such as grocery stores, hairdressers and vegetable markets. Canaan I should consider the allocation of new commercial services to enhance local economy. Locating these services in the centre with direct access to the main road is encouraged for a better accessibility. Following the community workshops, the needs were translated by designating the areas that are adjacent to the arterial road as commercial areas. These activities have the potential to generate a new, highly diverse sector within the local economy, with new job opportunities. They act as catalysts for initiating a structural transformation. The proposed commercial areas in the new land use plan will occupy 6% of the total area of Canaan I. 68 U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e E. PUBLIC FACILITIES Canaan I has twenty-four schools scattered in the neighbourhood. The data has been validated with the community but there is still a lack of information about the types of schools (primary, secondary, etc.). It was a real challenge to anticipate the required number of educational services for the population of Canaan I. Education plays a major role in reducing poverty and inequality, therefore it is always recommended to preserve vacant land for the extension of existing facilities and for the provision of new schools. RELIGIOUS - EXISTING EDUCATION - EXISTING HEALTH - EXISTING OTHER PUBLIC FACILITIES - EXISTING Fig.65: Canaan I: Existing public facilities and a 500m buffer catchment area. 21% Less than 10 years 4% Illiterate 30% Primary school (not finished) 13% Primary school (finished) 23% Secondary school (not finished) 6% Secondary school (finished) 1% Professional school 2% University Table 4. Canaan I: Participation level (Croix Rouge Americaine, Juillet 2016) The neighbourhood has 17 places of worship. There is no information available regarding health services, community centres, security stations and others. For planning purposes, and in order to have a long-term sustainable city, it is essential to consider the services mentioned in the new design of the neighbourhood. Generally, these services require good accessibility to the street network and therefore their location must be well planned. Normally, it is recommended to locate them within 500 metres from the settlements so they can be easily reached Fig.66: Canaan I : Existing public facilities 69 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan F. NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT It is almost impossible to develop the northern part of the neighbourhood since the topography is complex due to the steep slope. The area present a high risk of erosion, and for that, a reforestation project is proposed to prevent any landslides. There is a high potential of flooding in the western part due to the presence of the ravine. A buffer zone of 30 metres on both sides is then planned as a mitigation measure to prevent any risk. This buffer zone has been designed with the potential to become a public space. #12 #13 No-built areas occupy 20.3% of the total area Canaan I. # No-built areas m2 ha % Neighbourhood area 2,000,000 200 100% 12 Reforestation 290,000 29 13 Buffer zones / Green corridors along the streams and rivers 76,266 7.6266 14 High environmental risk areas 52,645 5.2645 Total: 418,911 42 #13 20.38% Table 5. Canaan I: Total percentage of no-built areas #14 Proposed buffer zone along the rivers and ravines Proposed area for livestock grazing #14 Proposed area for reforestation Legend #14 High environmental areas Proposed bufferrisk zone along the rivers and ravines Existing quarries Proposed area for livestock grazing Proposed arearavines for reforestation Existing rivers and High environmental risk areas 0 500 1000m produced 03.11.2016 Existing rivers and ravines Quarries 70 Fig.67: Canaan I: No-built areas U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e G. CANAAN I LAND USE The assemblies, facilitated by the UN-Habitat team in Haiti, identified the main needs of the residents of Canaan I. The proposed land-use plan is the result of the ongoing participatory process with the community. It responds as much as possible to their needs and proposes new ideas that can induce prosperity and sustainability. The plan was reviewed as a whole, taking into account the neighbourhoods nearby and how they connect. It is mandatory to situate each of the individual neighbourhood plans in the whole Canaan area to achieve a coherent and rich structure. 0 500 1000m produced 03.11.2016 Fig.68: Canaan I : Proposed land use plan 71