Repatriated migrants in Haiti by air and sea in 2022: profiles and needs

REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 Repatriated migrants in Haiti by air and sea in 2022 Profiles and needs NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 1 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 The opinions expressed in this report are those of the au- TABLE OF CONTENT thors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter- national Organization for Migration (IOM). The information contained in this report is for general information purposes Introduction, Methodology and Key findings page 3 only. The designations employed and the presentation of ma- terial throughout the report do not imply expression of any Profile of all repatriated migrants: opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of • Demographic profiles page 4 its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. • Education, Place of repatriation, Possession of identity The maps in the report are for illustration purposes only. documents and members of repatriated migrants The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps and included in this re- living abroad page 5 port are not warranted to be error free nor do they im- ply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any • Reasons for migration , time spent out of Haiti and future endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries by IOM. ​ migration intentions page 6 • Origin of migrants and intended destinations after The DTM activities are supported by: repatriation page 7 • Employment profile page 8 • Primary needs page 9 Profile of repatriated migrants from the US page 10 For further details or information please get in touch: dtmhaiti@iom.int Profiles of repatriated migrants from Cuba & Bahamas page 11 © 2023 International Organization for Migration (IOM) When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: “Internation- al Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more information on the terms and conditions of DTM re- ports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 2 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 OVERVIEW Introduction Since end of 2021, thousands of Haitian migrants have been repatriated in Haiti. From January to December 2022, a total of 22,444 migrants were repatried in Haiti by air and sea1. IOM provides assistance to repatriated migrants upon their arrival and also conducts surveys in order to understand their profiles and needs and ultimately inform migration governance strategies and policy making. In 2022, IOM conducted these surveys on 11,011 repatriated households. This report provides key results of these surveys. Key findings: • 34% of migrants indicated the will to try again to leave Haiti in the following 6 months after data • 46% of migrants were repatriated by the United States, 20% by Cuba and 18% by Bahamas collection, due to violence and insecurity in the country • 65% of repatriated migrants were men and 35% were women. • 67% of migrants reported that they could not leave Haiti again if they found an employment • 20% of migrants were children • The basic needs of interviewed repatriated migrants differed by their district of origin. However, households tend to agree on three main needs which are firstly financial support (mentioned by 72% of • Insufficient income (27%) and lack of employment (23%) were the main reasons migrants) of, then employment (32%) and finally safety and security (32%). for leaving Haiti 1 it should be noted that repatriations are also done by land from the Dominican Republic but this report only focuses on those done by air and sea as in 2022 IOM conducted surveys on migrants arriving by these means only. Repatriation countries Number of surveys Total number of surveys conducted from January to December 2022  Households 11,011 Aeroport of Cap Haïtien Port of Cap Haïtien Repatriations per month in 2022 Airport of Port-au-Prince (Toussaint Louverture)  Total number of repatriated migrants in 2022 This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps and included in 22,444 this report are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries by IOM. NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ 3 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 PROFILE OF MIGRANTS FROM ALL REPATRIATION COUNTRIES Disaggregation per age and sex People with special needs 20+80I Male (65 %, n =1 2, 70 9) Female (35 %, n =6 ,9 65 ) 20% of repatriated migrants were Individuals with various health issues 29%  29+2+2+1 +1+1 60 + <>1% <>1% children (of which 14% were aged between 0 and 5 years) Pregnant women 2% 65+35I Lactating women 2% 18 - 59 54% 25% 65% Individuals with chronic disease 1% of repatriated migrants were  men Unaccompanied children <1% 6 - 17 3% 3% Separated children <1% 35+65I 35% of repatriated migrants were 0-5 7% 7%  women • Most of the migrants were men (65%) and were between 18 and 59 years old Repatriated migrants status in the household (79% of migrants were in this age group, of which 54% were men and 25% women). A significant presence of children among repatriated migrants was noted: 20 per cent of mi- Males Females grants were children, including 14 per cent who were between 0 and 5 years old. • A greater proportion of men were heads of households compared to women. 54% 15% Indeed while 54 percent of men were heads of households, only 15 percent of women of males were household heads of female were household heads were. • Different vulnerabilities were identified among repatriated migrants, especially 7% 7% health issues (reported by 29% of repatriated migrants). Most heath issues were difficulties to eat, getting clothed by oneself, taking a shower, walking and seeing. In addition, 2% of mi- were their children were their children grants were pregnant women, 2% were lactating women and 1% was unaccompanied or separated children. 1% 7% were the partner of the were their partner of the household head household head 9% were from other cathegories (friends, parents, borthers/sisters, other family memebers) INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 4 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 Education Possession of Haitian identity documents 83+ I 17 3% 2% 83% of repatriated migrants were born in Haiti. Another 10% 3% Some high school were born in Chile, and 4% in Brazil. 12% Full high school of interviewed individuals had no Haitian 44% Full primary school A bit of primary school  28% documentation. 1 Full university 17% 1Data collected on the possession of identity documents is based on migrants’ Part of University declaration. For this data collection, IOM doesn’t ask migrants to provide proof of possession of the documents they declared to have. Nothing Type of Haitian documents held by repatriated migrants 19% Some Postgrade Studies Postgraduate studies completed 75% had a Haitian passport • 63 % of households heads attended high school but only 19 % graduated. Only 2% among them reported having no level of education 16% had a new electoral card 3% had an old electoral card Origin of repatriation of repatriated migrants reported that they were intercepted on 2% had a Tax Registration Number  82% their way to a foreign country and 16% were intercepted while already arrived in a foreign country 1% had a birth certificate • The major- Members of repatriated migrants living abroad Other(s) 2.00%  ity of migrants was Coast gards 6.00% repatriated from 2% of households declared having at least one member living abroad. Turks & Caicos 8.00% United States (46%), Cuba (20%) and Baha- of households who had family members abroad, mentioned 65% Bahamas 18.00% mas (18%). that these later were living in United States (34%), Mexico Cuba 20.00% (17%) and Chile (14%) USA 46.00%  37% of these households declared that at least one member of their 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00% Number of individuals family living abroad was a child NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 5 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 Main reasons for migrating out of Haiti Migration in host countries 5 Years Average time that a migrant spent outside Haiti before being re- patriated Insufficient income in Haiti 27% 27+23 +12+ 11+9+6+ 6+ 6 Four main countries where respondents lived during most recent migration out of Haiti Lack of employment opportunities in Haiti 23% 1 24% in Brazil Other reasons 12% 2 22% in Chile Greater economical/employment opportunities abroad 11% 3 21% in Cuba Search for better living conditions 9% Search for possibilities to entry and settle legally in the destination 6% 4 12% in Bahamas country Main reasons to migration out of the host country Impossibility of obtaining identification documents in Haiti 6% 28% 28+23 +11+9 +6 Insufficient funds Lack of money to buy food 6% Lack of employment opportunities 23% Better employment/economical opportunities 11% abroad Future migration intention Search for better living conditions 9% 34% Search for possibilities to entry and settle legally in the 6% of repatriated migrants planned to migrate again to a foreign country in the following 6 months after the repatriation. The main reported reasons were:  destination country Insufficient income (27%) and lack of employment opportunities in Haiti (23%) were the reasons for leaving the country for most of repatriated migrants. The average time spent outside of Haiti was 1 27% - violence and insecurity approximately 5 years, with the majority spending more time in Brazil (24%), Chile (22%) and Cuba (21%). Many migrants tried to leave their initial host countries towards others and the main reasons for leaving the host country correspond more or less to those that initially prompted these people to leave 2 27% - lack of income Haiti, which were the lack of funds and lack of employment/economical opportunities. This result indicates that migrants keep engaging in migration movements until finding a better economic situation. 3 18% - lack of employment opportunities It should be noted that violence and insecurity were not among the reasons that initially prompted people to initially leave Haiti in the first place. However, this reason became the main one for people 4 8% - lack of funds to buy food who plan to migrate again out of Haiti as the security situation in Haiti keeps worsening. Indeed, repat- riated migrants who reported the intention to leave again the country during the following 6 months after data collection (34%), mentioned violence and security among the top reasons, in addition to 5 6% - lack of funds to meet other basic needs (Health, Education, socio-economic situations. Clothes, etc.) INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 6 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 Origin in Haiti of repatriated migrants and intended destination in Violent events during 2022 Haiti after repatriation  922 violents events happened in Haiti in 2022 and most of them (79%) in the Western district (ACLED).  95% of the repatriated migrants planned to return to their district of origin  57 - 147 147 - 186 38% 186 - 663 663 - 1522 Violence 1522 - 3305 against civilians 28% 24% 19% 14% 10%  5% 31% Battles (inter-gang clashes)  22% This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps and included This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps in this report are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or accept- Riots and included in this report are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or ance of such boundaries by IOM. any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries by IOM. • The majority of repatriated migrants were from the North-West district (31% of migrants were from this district, especially from the municipalities of Port de Paix, La Tortue and Saint-Louis du Nord), the Western district (27%, especially from Port-au-Prince, Croix-Des-Bouquets and Delmast), Artibonite (20%, particularly from Gonaives and Saint-Marc) and the Northern district (12%, especially from Cap-Haitien). • In the majority of cases (95%), repatriated migrants intended to return to their place of origin after their repatriation. However 4%1 of them were hoping to relocate to another place, especially towards the Western and Northern district. it’s interesting to note that although most of violents events happened in the Western district (79% of violent events in 2022), it remained the main destination of repatriated migrants after their repatriation, either because it was their origin, in the vast majority of cases, but also the majority of those who reported the intention to go to a different place than their origin (4%) intended to go towards this district. 1 1% of respondents did not want to reply or did not know where they will go after their repatriation NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 7 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 Work situation in Haiti Work situation in the host country 49+51I 49% 67+33I 67%  of repatriated migrants reported that the household head was working to earn an income while living in the host country  of repatriated migrants reported that if they could find employment in Haiti, it would impact their decision not to migrate again out 3+97I of the country 3%  of repatriated migrants reported that another member other than the household head was working to earn an income while living in the host country Main areas of work desired by repatriated migrants Main areas of work in host countries  33% in construction  36% in construction 20% 21% in commerce in other sectors   21% 16% in other sectors in commerce    14% in agriculture  12% in agriculture  10% in transport  11% in transport 3% in car repairs and maintenance in service sector (restaurant and hotels)   4% • Although 34 per cent of migrants reported that they intended to migrate again out of the country in the following 6 months after data collection (see page 6), the majority of them (64%) reported that if they would find an employment in Haiti, it would impact their decision not to leave Haiti. The main areas of employment desired by them were construction (33%), commerce (20%) and agriculture (14%). These were similar to areas of work they were employed in while outside of Haiti : (49% of households heads were employed when they were outside Haiti and among them 36% were in construction, 16% in commerce and 12% in agriculture). INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 8 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 PRIMARY NEEDS Priority number 1 Priority number 3 Financial 1 support 72%  1 Security/ Safety 32%        Security/ 8% 2     Employm-    Safety 2 ent 12%     3 Health 6%           3 Health    support support 11%        4 Shelter 4%     4 Transport             to commute 9%        5 Education 4%        5 Shelter 6%  This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps and included in this report are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or accept- ance of such boundaries by IOM. This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps and included Priority number 2 Employe- in this report are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or accept- 1 ance of such boundaries by IOM. ment 32%        • Overall, first priority needs reported by migrants were financial support (mentioned Transport 2 to commute 13%  by 72% of them), security and safety (8%) and health support (6%). Although some variations were observed per district of origin, financial support and security/safety were    among the first main needs of repatriated migrants originating from almost every district    of the country. 3 Financial    support 9%  In addition, Employment was the top need among the category of second priority needs and Security/Safety was the top among the third ones.          4 Education 8%        5 Security/ Safety 8%  This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps and included in this report are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or accept- ance of such boundaries by IOM. NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 9 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 PROFILE OF REPATRIATED MIGRANTS FROM THE USA Repatriated migrants During migration  from January to December 2022  59 % of repatriated migrants from the US were intercepted in the US and 41% of them on their way to the US. 46+54I 46% of interviewed households were repatriated from the United States 5 Average time spent in the USA before going back to Haiti Years Education level Main areas of work in the USA 3% 2%1%  36% in construction 21% Some high school in other sectors 9% Full high school  44% Full primary school A bit of primary school  16% in commerce 13% 19% in agriculture Full university  10% Part of University in transport Nothing  4% 22% Some Postgrade Studies in service sector (restaurant and hotels)  Postgraduate studies completed INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 10 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 REPATRIATED MIGRANTS FROM CUBA REPATRIATED MIGRANTS FROM BAHAMAS Number of surveys Number of surveys  from January to December 2022  from January to December 2022 20+80I Education level 20% of assessed households were repatriated from Cuba 18+82I Education level 18% of assessed households were repatriated from the Bahamas 5 3% 2% 4% Some high school 4 3% 4% 4% Some high school Years 16% 39% Full high school Years 13% Full high school Full primary school Full primary school 43% Average time spent in A bit of primary school Average time spent in the A bit of primary school Cuba before going back to Full university Bahamas before going back to Full university Haiti 14% Part of University Haiti 19% Nothing Part of University 17% 19% Some Postgrade Studies Nothing Postgraduate studies completed Main areas of work in Cuba Main areas of work in the Bahamas  36% in the service sector (restaurant and hotels)  30% in construction  16% in the health sector  24% in other sectors  13% in other sectors  17% in commerce 14% in agriculture  12%  did not know or did not want to reply 13% in transport  11% in commerce   9% 2% in fishing sector in the fishing sector  NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 11 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions REPATRIATED MIGRANTS PROFILES - JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2022 © 2023 Organisation Internationale pour les Migrations You can contact International Organisation For Migration (IOM) in Haiti by email: 📩 dtmhaiti@iom.int 💻 https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION​ When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as Website: https://displacement.iom.int/haiti​ Contact : dtmhaiti@iom.int 12 follows: “International Organization for Migration (IOM), February 2023, Repatriated migrants profiles by air and sea in Haiti" For more infor- mation on the terms and conditions of DTM reports and information products, please consult: https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions