Investing in Haiti's Agroforestry-based Value Chains: Investment Note 2026 (coffee, cocoa, roots and tubers): full text

REPUBLIC OF HAITI HAND-IN-HAND INITIATIVE Investing in Haiti’s Agroforestry-based Value Chains Investment Note 2026 — investment priorities for coffee, cocoa and roots & tubers value chains in contribution to resilient and sustainable agrifood systems in Haiti Hand-in-Hand Investment Forum | Rome | October 2026 Government of the Republic of Haiti — MARNDR / INCAH · FAO Investment Centre INVESTMENT NOTE 2026 — COFFEE VALUE CHAIN Contents of the presentation Context and enabling environment 1 Haiti´s current situation and the agricultural sector Why investing in agroforestry based value chain – challenges and opportunities. HiH 2026 Investment Note 2 Ten territorial clusters in four priority regions: coffee as anchor chain, complemented by a cocoa module and roots & tubers (Government review, Sept 2026) Climate – resilient, inclusive and sustainable production, transformation and commercialization 3 Investment Note Summary Costs, financial and economic indicators, social and climate cobenefits, financing mechanisms and up-scaling with partners SECTION 1 · CONTEXT The macroeconomic context in 2025 -4.2% economic contraction -323 M USD in trade deficit 28% Inflation; 130 GDP growth in 2024 — the sixth consecutive year of contraction (est. -2.2 to -3.1% in 2025). Reflecting sustained import reliance and limited export capacity Inflation and currency depreciation keeps pressure on purchasing power and access to food, 32 USD in foreign direct investment 1 694 USD in GDP per capita Dropping from 105M USD in 2018 to 32M USD in 2022. with GINI index of 41.1 (moderate level of income inequality. 6 million people live in poverty And 2.5 million living in extreme poverty Sources: Brief — FAO DDG visit to Haiti (January 2026); FAO, Plan d'urgence et de résilience Haïti 2026-2028; World Bank Macro Poverty Outlook (2026). Over $800 USD in value of exports With almost 50M from essential oils. Despite overal decline in exports value, there is growth in niche markets – i.e. coffee Agroforestry-based value chains are key to increase rural income, generate employment and restore the landscape in Haiti. SECTION 1 · CONTEXT Agriculture is Haiti's backbone — and its opportunity The sector today Approx 20% of GDP — and ~half the workforce; yet value added is stagnant at ~USD 1.7 billion/yr for a decade, and the sector contracted -5.6% y/y in early 2025 Why invest in Haiti now Market proximity 60% of the poorest households — are rural — agricultural income growth is pro-poor by design US and DR markets (DR truck corridor: USD 776M of trade Jan-Aug 2025); strong local and diaspora demand Diversified smallholdings — approx. 5 crops per farm household; creole gardens combine food and tree crops Agroecological potential Three complementary value chains — coffee (4,400 t on 8,500 ha) and cocoa (3,000–5,000 t) are exported far below potential; roots & tubers reach ~0.9 Mt/yr on ~230,000 ha (cassava 674 kt, sweet potato 104 kt, yam 22 kt) at only 2–4.5 t/ha — half or less of achievable yields; women are up to 70% of the farm labour force diverse mountain terroirs, year-round cultivation Large productivity gap significant returns to well-targeted technology and capacity Peace dividends rural jobs for youth and women reduce fragility drivers — > most returnees have farming experience Sources: Brief — FAO DDG visit to Haiti (Jan 2026); FAO Plan d'urgence et de résilience 2026-2028; IFAD (2017); FAOSTAT QCL 2024 (accessed 4 Sept 2026); ACTED (2016); HiH Haiti Investment Note (2023). SECTION 1 · VISION The vision — why invest in Haiti's coffee and complementary value chains 2.5× 80% EUDR coffee export earnings in the 1980s — the market position Haiti can rebuild at today's record world prices yield headroom — the 200 → 500+ kg/ha pathway is already proven in Haiti by EFOSE and PITAG of the crop leaves informally through the DR border — value ready to be recaptured via formal quality channels

first-mover advantage among Caribbean origins: agroforestry by tradition + digital traceability from day Vision 2036: a network of ten agroforestry coffee clusters — cooperative and private processing powered by renewable energy, digitally traceable exports and strong local institutions — turning Haiti's mountain territories into engines of rural income, forest restoration and stability. The same territorial assets serve two complements: cocoa on the humid lowlands (<900 m) of the coffee clusters, and roots & tubers in the creole gardens — food security and early cash flow while trees establish. Coffee and cocoa are framed as medium-term investments: quality differentiation, niche contracts and traceability premiums buffer world-price volatility. Haiti's comparative advantage: heirloom Typica & Bourbon coffee genetics and Criollo/Trinitario cocoa in traditional agroforestry, mountain terroirs, unsaturated specialty and fine-flavour demand — the closest heirloom origin to the US market. Sources: Patrick et al. (2024); ICO (2026); World Bank (2010), Haiti Coffee Supply Chain Risk Assessment; IFAD EFOSE (2024); IDB PITAG (2018-2024); MdM 2026 bibliography. SECTION 1 · THE COFFEE VALUE CHAIN Coffee: a historic value chain to rebuild A reduction of 89% in production area – and 90% in production volume - since 1961 Haiti coffee — six decades of decline (FAOSTAT) 90,000 From 80,000 ha to 8,477 ha; production down from 45,720 t to 4,371 t (2024) 80,000 80,000 Yields near 516 kg/ha on average 70,000 According to field surveys for studies ranging from 2015 – 2025, the yields of small-holder farmers do not surpass 200 kg / ha 60,000 50,000 45,720 40,000 Up to 80% traded informally 30,000 cherry sold across the border to the Dominican Republic, with little value retained 20,000 8,477 10,000 4,371 Official exports: only $1.57M (2024) 0 1961 Harvested area (ha) 2024 Production (t) 161 t of green coffee, 80% to the US, at ~USD 8.5/kg Limited transformation capacity constrains quality and incomes — the core bottleneck this note addresses. High but volatile world prices call for a medium-term frame: quality differentiation and niche contracts. The same diagnosis holds for cocoa (exported unfermented at a ~30% discount) and the same territories grow the staple roots & tubers that feed households while coffee and cocoa trees establish — hence one territorial portfolio, not three projects. Sources: FAOSTAT (2026); INCAH production statistics; World Bank, Haiti Coffee Supply Chain Risk Assessment (2010). Why linking investments in the coffee value-chain with complementary opportunities for cocoa and roots & tubers 1 Cocoa — complementary territories and assets 3,000–5,000 t/yr (FAOSTAT 2024: 3,000 t on 6,142 ha at ~490 kg/ha; sector surveys: ~18,000 ha under agroforestry, 21% of AF cover), >20,000 families in Grande-Anse, Nord and Nord-Est — the lowlands of the coffee clusters. Already Haiti's 2nd agricultural export: 2,698 t and USD 13.5M in 2024 (~5,000 USD/t), 70% in bulk unfermented beans to Malaysia; the fermented/organic niche (Canada, France, Italy, US, ~USD 3M) is where FECCANO (Ethiquable, Valrhona) and PISA (Taza) already earn 2,500– 3,400 USD/t. 2 Roots & tubers — food security and cash flow 3 Portfolio logic and safeguards Cassava, sweet potato and yam: ~0.9 Mt/yr on ~230,000 ha (FAOSTAT 2024) — a purely domestic market (exports ≈ 0) while Haiti imports >USD 1.5 bn of food (rice 412M, palm oil 139M, sugar 117M); imports cover >70% of cereal needs; food inflation 35%; 5.7M people in IPC Altitude gradient: specialty coffee >1,200 m · mixed coffee–cocoa 900–1,200 m · cocoa <900 m — one landscape, three products. Yields of 2.2 t/ha (sweet potato) and 4.5 t/ha (cassava, yam) vs 16 t/ha yam in Jamaica: seed quality (minisets, cuttings) and live stakes are the binding constraints — services the clusters already build.

Requested by the Government (MARNDR review, Sept 2026): coffee- and cocoa-based agroforestry, roots & tubers, bio-fertilisation, seeds, solar energy, credit. Shares nurseries, bio-input factories, extension, solar energy, traceability and finance with coffee — separate fermentation lines only. Early cash flow and household food while coffee and cocoa trees establish (years 1-4); women lead seed production and local trade. World prices remain 2–3× their 2020-23 level; fine-flavour and EUDR-compliant origins earn premiums. Markets: communal, departmental and urban (Jacmel, Cap-Haïtien, Les Cayes, Miragoâne), institutional purchases. Risk diversification: different calendars, markets and price cycles; several entry points for producers (coffee, fermented cocoa, food crops, plants, bio-inputs). Safeguards: cocoa only where suitability, organised producers and a path to fermentation are confirmed; separate costing and results by chain; scale after pilots. Result: coffee remains the anchor VC for this investment program (3,000 ha, USD 27M); cocoa adds 650 ha and USD 3.2M; roots & tubers add ~1,000 ha and USD 1.8M — the combined programme (USD 35.7M) raises the economic return from 13.4% to 14.2% and reaches 9,300 families. Sources: FAOSTAT QCL 2024; ACTED (2016); Schwartz (2019); AVSF (2024); FEWS NET (2018); FAO GIEWS (2026); HiH Haiti Investment Note (2023); FAO complementarity report (Sept 2026); MARNDR (Sept 2026); EFA 2026 v3. SECTION 1 · MARKET OPPORTUNITIES Haiti's coffee assets meet a favorable world market Unique assets ~249 US¢/lb Exceptional genetic diversity ICO composite, June 2026 (232–310 ¢ range June–July) — elevated but volatile complex Arabica Typica & Bourbon mixtures documented in Haitian agroforestry systems (Patrick et al., 2024) Shade-grown by tradition creole gardens are diversified agroforestry — low-input, de facto organic, biodiversity-rich Mountain terroirs altitude and micro-climates behind the historic “Haitian Blue” premium reputation Historic value chain stakeholders INCAH; cooperatives & networks — COOPCAB/APCAB (Sud-Est), UCOCAB (Centre), CACGAVA, COOPACVOD, RECOCARNO (Nord/Nord-Est), RECOCAS (Sud), RECARB (Grande-Anse); exporters/roasters Rebo, Selecto, Geo Wiener, Novella; specialty & directtrade channels (JA Coffee, Café Kreyol, Singing Rooster, Kafé Makaya) A market moving toward Haiti's strengths • Specialty demand keeps growing — buyers pay premiums for traceable, forest-friendly, single-origin coffees Deforestation-free sourcing (EUDR, from Dec 2025; mid-2026 for small operators) — rewards agroforestry origins with credible digital traceability Unmet international demand — for differentiated Caribbean arabicas — Haiti can re-enter at the quality Sources: Patrick et al. (2024), PMC; ICO Coffee Market Reports, June–July 2026; CIRAD/CATIE coffee agroforestry references (2015-2026); MdM 2026 bibliography. SECTION 1 · M A R K E T O P P O R T U N I T I E S Haiti's cocoa assets also meet a favorable world market Unique assets Fine-flavour genetics, under-exploited base Criollo and Trinitario in traditional agroforestry (Grande-Anse, Nord); FAOSTAT 2024: 3,000 t on 6,142 ha (~490 kg/ha, unofficial), sector surveys up to 5,000 t; ~10 elite-clone gardens (PITAG/PAPAIR) New York Dec-26 futures, 2 Sept 2026 (ICCO daily ~6,340) — 2–3× the 2020-23 average after the 2024 peak above USD 12,000; volatile but structurally high Shade-grown, de facto organic cocoa under mixed shade with banana, breadfruit and forest trees — 21% of Haiti's agroforestry cover; low input use, high biodiversity Fermented quality already proven A market moving toward Haiti's strengths Structural supply stress in West Africa — aging trees, swollen-shoot disease, El Niño risk (95% probability Oct-Dec 2026); 2026/27 balance forecasts range from a 400 kt deficit to a small surplus

FECCANO (12 cooperatives, ~8,000 members) exports fermented organic cocoa to Ethiquable at a 45% premium; four fermentation facilities built with AVSF Fine-flavour and single-origin premiums — chocolate makers pay for traceable, fermented, organic and fair-trade beans; Caribbean origins are under-supplied Established actors along the chain Deforestation-free sourcing (EUDR) — rewards agroforestry cocoa with credible digital traceability — the same ITC DFTG / AgroWeb3 platform as coffee Cooperatives: FECCANO (Nord), CAUD, COPCOD, EPDAM (Grand'Anse); processors: PISA (Nord, central fermentation, organic export), AYITIKA, KALEOS/KAÛNA, Chocolat Ralph Leroy; exporters Geo Wiener, Novella; buyers Ethiquable, Taza, Valrhona; AVSF, CATIE, Root Capital An export base to build on — USD 14.9M in 2024, Haiti's 5th export product: 70% bulk beans to Malaysia (~5,000 USD/t, unfermented); Canada, US, France and Italy buy the fermented/organic niche (~USD 3M) — the segment the fermentation centres target; DR processors next door Sources: FAOSTAT QCL 2024; ICCO Quarterly Bulletin (Aug 2026) and daily prices (Sept 2026); CocoaIntel (2 Sept 2026); AVSF/FECCANO (2024); Schwartz (2019); ACTED (2016); Chesnel (2021); CRS (2018); Caribbean Export (2023). SECTION 1 · M A R K E T O P P O R T U N I T I E S Roots & tubers: local staples for a food-importing nation Unique assets Staple food crops of the creole garden cassava 674,000 t (150,000 ha), sweet potato 104,000 t (48,000 ha), yam 22,000 t (4,900 ha), other tubers 61,000 t, plantains 248,000 t (FAOSTAT 2024) — grown with banana and pigeon pea on most farms >70% ~0.9 Mt of roots & tubers/yr (FAOSTAT 2024) of cereal consumption is imported (FAO GIEWS 2025/26); food inflation 35.1% (Sept 2025); 5.7M people in acute food insecurity (IPC 3+) — locally grown staples substitute imports and stabilise household food access Short cycle, storable, sold locally 8–10 month cycle; roots, cossettes and cassava flour move through market women (Madan Sara) to communal, departmental and urban markets Proven upgrading path 2023 HiH yam models: 3.3 → 9 t/ha (agroforestry) and 4.3 → 17 t/ha (open field) with quality minisets, compost and live stakes — EIRR 18% Women at the centre women produce seed (minisets), process and trade; the Government asks for women-led miniset production and sustainable yam stakes A domestic market moving toward local staples Purchased and imported food dominates — poorer households buy up to 85% of their food; Haiti imported >USD 1.5 bn of food in 2024 (rice 412M, palm oil 139M, sugar 117M) while roots & tubers are barely traded — the cheapest local calories when cereal prices spike Urban and institutional demand — Cap-Haïtien, Les Cayes, Jacmel and Port-au-Prince markets; school feeding and humanitarian purchases increasingly source local produce Yield gap = market opportunity — 2.2 t/ha sweet potato, 4.5 t/ha cassava and yam (FAOSTAT 2024) vs 16 t/ha yam in Jamaica and >10 t/ha cassava regionally: quality seed, bio-inputs and storage can double supply from the same land Value addition and loss reduction — cassava flour, cossettes and small storage units extend shelf life and reach regional markets; informal trade with the DR shows unmet demand Sources: FAOSTAT QCL 2024 (accessed 4 Sept 2026); FAO GIEWS Country Brief Haiti (2026); FEWS NET Haiti Market Fundamentals (2018); CNSA / Le Nouvelliste (2013); HiH Haiti Investment Note and EFA (2023); MARNDR (Sept 2026); FAO complementarity report (Sept 2026). SECTION 1 · ENABLING ENVIRONMENT An enabling framework that builds on ongoing investments Government and FAO leadership • MARNDR & INCAH — national coffee strategy and value-chain governance, quality standards and statistics • Hand-in-Hand approach — governmentled, data-driven territorial targeting. FAO in Haiti: USD 46M active portfolio and 5 field offices in target areas.

Development partners already investing in coffee and cocoa northern coffee belt; GEF-7 (Grande-Anse, Nippes) agroforestry component orientable to coffee; GEF-8 (Sud). • IFAD & IDB — EFOSE coffee agroforestry & processing in the Sud-Est; IBE+. PITAG completed — cost benchmark for this note. • World Bank — Resilient Productive Territories II; PARSA; blockchain traceability pilot for cocoa exports. • USAID/DAI — AVANSE market-system approach for northern cocoa (nurseries, post-harvest, exporter links); ILO — PROFIT (Norway): processing skills and export compliance; CATIE — agroforestry design and disease-resistant cocoa; AVSF, Oxfam-Québec. What Hand in Hand 2026 adds Scales proven agroforestry models beyond current Projects Adds renewable energy to processing and logistics Connects producers to markets with digital tools (ITC DFTG, AgroWeb3) Strengthens all key actors — producers, coops, suppliers, institutions Sources: FAO Haïti, Interventions programmatiques (janv. 2026); FAO Plan d'urgence et de résilience 2026-2028; IFAD EFOSE EFA (2024); past coffee projects: AVSF, Oxfam-Québec; MdM 2026 bibliography. SECTION 2 · THE INVESTMENT NOTE Where: four regions, ten coffee clusters - four clusters including cocoa and all clusters complemented with roots and tubers Markers on the map: Departments: Sud-Est (Thiotte, Belle-Anse, Cap Rouge / La Vallée de Jacmel) Coffee 600 ha · 2 clusters (yrs 1-2) · 1 large + 1 medium wet centre, 10 solar dryers, 2 roasters · EFOSE base, GEF-9; COOPCAB, APCAB, AYITIKA · roots & tubers 200 ha (2023 yam experience) · markets: Jacmel, Ouest Coffee cluster (300 ha each – 3000 ha in total) Cocoa modules (650ha in total) Roots & tubers seed system ● large wet centre ○ medium centre + solar drying Grand Sud Departments: Grande-Anse (Beaumont, Jérémie heights; Chambellan / Dame-Marie lowlands), Sud (Camp-Perrin / Maniche), Nippes (Baradères) Coffee 900 ha · 3 clusters (yrs 2-3) · 1 large + 2 medium centres, 20 solar dryers, 3 roasters · cocoa 200 ha in Grande-Anse, 2 fermentation centres (CAUD, COPCOD, EPDAM; Geo Wiener) · coffee coops RECARB, RECOCAS · roots & tubers 300 ha · Jérémie, Les Cayes, Miragoâne; GEF-7/8 Nord / Nord-Est Departments: Nord (Dondon / Grande-Rivière / Milot; Borgne / Port-Margot / Plaisance), Nord-Est (Vallières / Mombin-Crochu) Coffee 900 ha · 3 clusters (yrs 2-3) · 2 large + 1 medium centres, 10 solar dryers, 3 roasters · cocoa 450 ha, 5 fermentation centres (FECCANO, PISA, Novella) · coffee coops CACGAVA, COOPACVOD, RECOCARNO · roots & tubers 300 ha · Cap-Haïtien port/airport; GEF-6 Centre / Artibonite Departments: Centre (Baptiste / Savanette), Artibonite (Marmelade) Coffee 600 ha · 2 clusters (yr 3) · 2 medium centres, 20 solar dryers, 2 roasters · UCOCAB, CACVA · cocoa only after strict validation (UCOCAB <900 m trials) · roots & tubers 200 ha · Hinche, Gonaïves; security-sensitive targeting Typology of agricultural microregions (HiH targeting, 2023) Total: 3,000 ha coffee (10 clusters, 8,000 families) + 650 ha cocoa (4 clusters, 1,300 families) + ~1,000 ha roots & tubers gardens upgraded. Clusters start 2026-2028; each block plants over 3 years (20/40/40%). All sites outside the metro area, on the northern and southern logistics corridors. Sources: Vital (2014); CIRAD/IRD (2015); Alexis (2025); HiH microregion typology (2023); FAO Haïti project maps GEF-6/7/8 (2026); FAO complementarity report (Sept 2026); EFA 2026 (Modèles). SECTION 2 · PRODUCTION What: three coffee models — plus a cocoa model – roots and tubers integrated in the Agroforestry system (AFS / SAF) AFS 1 — Establish coffee AFS 2 — Densify & diversify AFS 3 — Forest coffee AFS 4 — Cocoa rehabilitation Banana-yam gardens upgraded with selected coffee, fruit and forest trees, pigeon pea Existing coffee-banana systems reinforced with grafted mango and cocoa Coffee-banana-fruit systems advanced into diversified shade / secondary-forest coffee

Degraded cocoa plots and creole gardens below 900 m replanted with grafted cocoa, gliricidia/fruit shade, banana and yam Coffee yield 0 → 510 kg/ha by year 6 Coffee yield 200 → 500 kg/ha by year 5 Coffee yield 200 → ~500 kg/ha (slower path) Cocoa yield Growing income over time banana, yam, pigeon pea in the short-term complemented by coffee and fruits over the long-run Income diversified cocoa & mango bear from year 4 to complement current products Specialty premium +30% price linked to forest restoration Fermented quality Increased ecosystem services Higher green cover; Improved soil and land management Increased resilience renewal pruning & replanting built in Conservation Biodiversity and watershed protection in strategic landscapes Restoration 100 ha per block · 0.25 ha per family 100 ha per block · 0.50 ha per family 100 ha per block · 0.50 ha per family 250 → 1,000 kg/ha by year 7 beans sold to 7 solar fermentation centres Rehabiltation and improvement of cocoa-based Agroforestry Systems 650 ha in 4 clusters · 0.50 ha per family 800 families per coffee block — packages include compost, bio-pesticides, training and phased reinvestments. A fourth model, SAF 4 (grafted cocoa agroforestry below 900 m, banana and yam as temporary shade), adds 650 ha and 1,300 families in four clusters. Nurseries, bio-input factories and seed centres are sized to all three chains (~USD 0.5M per cluster) + USD 1.0M national R&D. SECTION 2 · COFFEE VALUE CHAIN Coffee value chain: from cherry to cup 1 SAF 1-3 — agroforestry production 2 Two processing routes, all solar 3,000 ha in 10 clusters, 8,000 families: SAF 1 establishes coffee in banana-yam gardens (0 → 510 kg/ha); SAF 2 densifies coffee-banana systems with mango and cocoa (200 → 500 kg/ha); SAF 3 advances forest coffee to specialty (+30%). Wet route: cherry → parchment → milled green — 4 large (158 MT) + 6 medium (50 MT) ecopulping centres, cooperative/JV/PPP. Dry route: cherry → solar-dried pods → naturals — 60 group units (10 MT) with PV-ventilated greenhouse dryers. Packages include selected plants, compost, biopesticides, training and phased reinvestment; 57% Project grant (SAF 1), 53% (SAF 2), 37% 10 youth/women roasting MSMEs (15 MT green/yr) for national and niche markets; QC, storage and packaging throughout; existing logistics platforms with fee-based services. 3 Digital markets and partners ICO composite ~249 US¢/lb (June 2026); 2024 exports: 161 t of green coffee at ~8.5 USD/kg (80% to the US, then Canada, Japan) — the EFA's 6.5 USD/kg is conservative. Specialty (+30%) and traceability (+10%) premiums via ITC DFTG / AgroWeb3 (EUDR geolocation, credentials for finance). Partners: INCAH; COOPCAB/APCAB (Sud-Est), UCOCAB (Centre), CACGAVA, COOPACVOD, RECOCARNO (Nord/Nord-Est), RECOCAS (Sud), RECARB (Grande-Anse); Rebo, Selecto, Geo Wiener, Novella; Café Kreyol, Singing Rooster, JA Coffee, Kafé Makaya; IFAD-EFOSE, GEF-6/7/8/9. 3,000 ha ~700 MT/yr 21–26% 28–36% agroforestry coffee, 8,000 families green coffee (140 MT specialty, ~275 naturals); 125 MT roasted formal exports vs 1.57M today IRR SAF 1; 14–17% SAF 2-3 (15-20 yrs) IRR processing units; B/C 1.05–1.18 coffee share of the programme (of 35.7M) Capacity matched to supply: ~150 MT of parchment-equivalent per cluster at full development — one large centre, or one medium centre plus 10 solar-drying units; ~70 MT of green coffee per cluster. Farmer Field Schools, cooperative business management and input & service enterprises support every step. Sources: IFAD EFOSE EFA (2024); ICO (2026); Patrick et al. (2024); CIRAD (2011); Rwanda CWS and Ethiopia solar-dryer benchmarks; CBI (2024); EFA 2026. SECTION 2 · COCOA MODULE Cocoa module: SAF 4 agroforestry and solar fermentation centres 1 SAF 4 — grafted cocoa agroforestry

Rehabilitation/replanting of degraded cocoa plots and creole gardens below 900 m: 800 grafted plants/ha (Trinitario/Amelonado clones), gliricidia and fruit shade, banana and yam as temporary shade and food. Yield 250 → 1,000 kg/ha of dry-bean equivalent by year 7; cost USD 5,150/ha (58% Project grant); 650 ha, 1,300 families (0.5 ha) in GrandeAnse, Nord (×2) and Nord-Est. 2 7 fermentation-drying centres 100 MT of dry beans/yr each — fermentation boxes, solar drying areas/greenhouses, PV, quality control — USD 100k per centre (1 per ~100 ha), cooperative or PPP ownership. Beans bought from producers at dry-equivalent farm-gate price (500 HTG/kg) and sold fermented and traceable (~5.1 USD/kg) — replacing unfermented exports sold at a ~30% discount. 3 Market and partners World price ~6,300 USD/t (2 Sept 2026); Haiti exported 2,698 t (USD 13.5M, ~5,000 USD/t) in 2024, 70% unfermented bulk to Malaysia. FECCANO (12 cooperatives, ~8,000 members) sells fermented cocoa at a 45% premium (Ethiquable). Partners: FECCANO, CAUD/COPCOD/EPDAM, PISA, AYITIKA, KALEOS; exporters Geo Wiener, Novella; buyers Ethiquable, Taza, Valrhona; AVSF, CATIE, USAID/DAI, ILO, INCAH; EUDR-ready traceability platform shared with coffee value chain. 650 ha ~620 MT/yr 24–30% 35–38% cocoa agroforestry, 1,300 families fermented traceable cocoa at maturity cocoa export value (vs unfermented today) IRR SAF 4 (10–20 yrs); B/C 1.43 IRR fermentation centre; B/C 1.07 cocoa module cost (of Safeguards against dilution: cocoa is limited to territories with confirmed suitability, organised producers and a credible path to fermentation and sale; separate costing preserves traceability of costs, beneficiaries and results by value chain; scaling only after pilots validate the models. Sources: Chesnel (2021) PAPAIR technical packages; ACTED (2016); Schwartz (2019); UCOCAB/FO-RI (2025); FAO HiH Honduras cocoa (2023, 2025); Grenada cocoa model (2025); ICCO (Sept 2026); EFA 2026. SECTION 2 · FOOD CROPS AND SERVICES ALONG THE CHAINS Roots & tubers, and shared services from seed to market Roots & tubers sub-component — Yam, cassava and/or sweet potato integrated in the agroforestry models (SAF 1 banana-yam base; temporary yam in SAF 4) and in ~100 ha of creole gardens per cluster upgraded through the seed system — household food and local/regional markets. • Women-led seed system: yam minisets, cassava and sweet-potato cuttings, gliricidia live stakes — 33 seed centres (60 t/yr). • Storage/aggregation and price information for communal, departmental and urban markets; institutional purchases. • Net benefit ~USD 900/ha/yr at maturity (following Haiti HiH 2023 investment note for yam models, 3.3 → 9 t/ha) — conservative at 2026 prices; early cash flow while trees establish. Shared services along the three value chains Stage Service and sizing Coffee Cocoa Inputs 36 polyvalent nurseries (60k plants/yr) · 33 bio-input factories (400 t/yr, 30% of compost demand) · 33 seed centres · 152 solar pumping/drip kits Production Farmer Field Schools (agroforestry by altitude, fermentation, roasting, minisets) · input & service providers, producer–vendor partnerships, vouchers Processing Business plans, quality labs and maintenance for 87 solar processing units; cooperative and MSME management Markets Digital traceability & certification (ITC DFTG, AgroWeb3, EUDR) · storage/aggregation, price information, logistics platforms Finance Revolving working-capital funds (USD 150k/cluster) · national guarantee/interest facility (3-5% credit) · digital credentials INCAH coffee-cocoa research and variety trials · national innovation & dialogue platform · M&E by value chain

Why it matters: the v2 note budgeted 2 nurseries and 1 bio-input unit per cluster (USD 240k); the v3 sizing derived from the models' plant, compost and seed requirements roughly doubles the input-service network (~USD 0.5M per cluster) — and services now follow the product from seed to market for coffee, cocoa and food crops alike. ● applies · ○ partial Sources: EFA MdM 2023 (yam models, seed centres, bio-enterprises); Chesnel (2021); ESPOCH (2021) community biofábrica business plans; FAO CFIF (2023) Bioinsumos; MARNDR (Sept 2026); EFA 2026. SECTION 2 · INVESTMENT SUMMARY Summary of key investments (USD 35.7M, 2026-2031) Investment area What is financed Coffee Cocoa Production packages Subsidised agroforestry packages: SAF 1-3 over 3,000 ha; SAF 4 grafted cocoa over 650 ha 6.6 1.9 Input services 36 nurseries, 33 bio-input factories, 33 seed centres, 152 solar kits — sized to demand Processing & renewable energy 4 large + 6 medium wet centres, 60 solar dryers, 10 roasters · 7 cocoa fermentation centres — solar dryers / PV Roots & tubers seed system and markets Women's seed groups, live stakes, storage/aggregation, local-market linkages (seed-centre CAPEX in input services) Capacity building & institutions Farmer Field Schools, cooperatives, INCAH/DDA, cocoa fermentation & quality training Input & service providers All chains 8.5 5.1 2.3 0.7 5.1 3.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 7.0 7.6 Agro-dealers, producer–vendor partnerships, pilot input vouchers 1.0 1.0 Digital commercialization ITC DFTG & AgroWeb3 traceability, certification, market promotion — multi-product platform 2.0 2.0 Financing mechanisms Revolving working-capital funds (USD 1.5M) + guarantee/interest facility for 3-5% credit 2.5 2.5 INCAH coffee-cocoa research (1.0), variety trials and clonal gardens (0.6), innovation & dialogue platform (0.3) 1.9 1.9 Programme management, territorial planning, safeguards; M&E with indicators by value chain 3.3 3.3 TOTAL Coffee ≈ 27.0 · cocoa 3.2 · roots & tubers 1.8 · shared services and mechanisms; ~100% engaged 2026-2031 35.7 Beneficiaries co-invest labour, inputs and matching shares (30% solar dryers, 50% roasters). Financing mechanisms are counted as public endowments without crediting repayments (conservative). Source: EFA 2026 — sheets 'Coût Projet', 'Coûts complémentaires', 'Services communs' (FAO Investment Centre & Government of Haiti, Sept 2026). SECTION 2 · INVESTMENT LOGIC Challenges → key investments → risk mitigation Production & inputs Processing & energy Markets, digital & transversal Aging, low-density coffee and cocoa plantations; rust and pests; climate shocks; no reliable seed, plantingmaterial and bio-input supply Limited washing/drying; no cocoa fermentation (beans exported unfermented at a 30% discount); quality losses; no rural energy Informal cross-border trade; weak export channels; price volatility; no working capital or affordable credit; insecurity; food security; women and youth inclusion KEY INVESTMENTS KEY INVESTMENTS KEY INVESTMENTS Packages over 3,000 ha coffee (USD 6.6M) + 650 ha grafted cocoa (USD 1.9M) + services sized to demand: 36 nurseries, 33 bio-input factories, 33 seed centres, 152 solar kits (USD 5.1M) 4 large + 6 medium wet centers, 60 solar-drying units, 10 roasting MSMEs, 7 cocoa fermentation centres (100 MT) — all solar / PV; matching grants; open to JV/PPP Capacity building (FFS, coops, institutions); roots & tubers seed system and local markets; digital traceability and finance (ITC DFTG, AgroWeb3); revolving funds and 3-5% credit facility; innovation platform; M&E Agroforestry models by altitude (>1,200 m specialty coffee; 900–1,200 m mixed; <900 m cocoa); native genetics; bio-inputs; FFS; phased 3-year implantation Capacity matched to supply (~150 MT coffee per cluster; 1 cocoa centre per ~100 ha); renewable energy cuts operating cost; business plans per unit

Specialty (+30%) and traceability (+10%) premiums buffer volatility; food crops secure consumption and early cash flow; clusters outside the metro area; INCAH governance; women & youth targets; phased blocks Total public investment: USD 35.7M (2026-2031). Direct beneficiaries: 9,300 farm families + 87 processing organizations and MSMEs (~1,520 members/jobs); beneficiaries co-invest labor, inputs and matching shares. SECTION 2 · FINANCE, ENERGY AND INNOVATION Financing mechanisms, solar energy and an innovation platform Revolving working-capital funds Guarantee / interest facility USD 150k per cluster (USD 1.5M): cooperatives and processing/fermentation centres buy cherries and beans at harvest, advance inputs and pay producers on time — the first constraint FECCANO-type cooperatives face. USD 1.0M national endowment with partner MFIs (e.g. KOFIP) and banks to unlock producer and cooperative credit at 3-5% per year (proposed by the Government); donors and UN pooled funds invited to top up. Solar energy and water All 87 processing units run on solar dryers / PV; 152 solar pumping + drip kits secure nurseries, bio-input factories, seed centres and demonstration gardens against limited Access to energy and climate risks. Innovation & dialogue platform USD 0.3M: State institutions, universities and research centres, cooperation agencies and producer organisations — steering coffee-cocoa coherence (PNIA, PSNSSANH, PNA). Producer–vendor partnerships & vouchers USD 100k per cluster: private input and service providers (agro-dealers, nursery and bio-input enterprises), pilot input vouchers, service contracts with cooperatives. Matching grants and PPPs Solar-drying units (70/30), roasters (50/50), centres open to JV/PPP; business plans per unit; digital credentials (AgroWeb3) for access to finance. Financing mechanisms (USD 2.5M) are costed as public endowments without crediting repayments — a conservative assumption; their leverage on private co-investment is not counted in the EFA. Sources: MARNDR comments (Sept 2026); Schwartz (2019) on cooperative working-capital constraints; EFA 2026 ('Coûts complémentaires'). SECTION 3 · RESULTS Expected results at full development Production & exports Social & economic Environment & climate 3,000 ha of agroforestry coffee — ~1,500 MT parchment/yr; 650 ha of grafted cocoa — ~620 MT fermented beans/yr 9,300 producer families (~46,500 people) — 8,000 coffee, 1,300 cocoa; ~1,000 ha of roots & tubers gardens upgraded ~560,000 tCO2e avoided/sequestered over 20 years (approx. 10 tCO2e/ha/yr, coffee and cocoa AFS) ~700 MT green coffee/yr (incl. ~140 MT specialty, naturals); ~125 MT roasted; traceable fermented cocoa replaces unfermented exports +USD 400–1,060 net income per family per year at maturity; early cash flow and food security from yam, cassava, sweet potato Forest restoration and biodiversity through shade coffee and cocoa; biofertilisation replaces imported agrochemicals USD 4M+/yr formal coffee exports (vs fermented cocoa 87 renewable-energy processing units (~1,520 members/jobs); ~100 nursery, bio-input and seed enterprises (youth, women); working capital and 3-5% credit Reduced erosion and improved watershed and biodiversity protection in mountain territories Source: EFA 2026 workbook (FAO Investment Centre & Government of Haiti, Sept 2026) — assumptions under validation with key stakeholders. SECTION 3 · ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Strong returns across the chain (EFA 2026, v3) Investment model (per ha / per unit) IRR 10 IRR 15 IRR 20 NPV 20 yrs SAF 1 — Establish coffee (bananayam base) 21.0% 25.1% 26.1% 7,600 /ha 1.44 SAF 2 & SAF 3 — existing systems: 14.0– 6.3–6.4% densify / forest specialty 14.5% 16.2– 16.7% Wet processing — 4 large (158 MT) + 28–32% 32–34% 32–35% 6 medium (50 MT) centers 1,061–2,045 1.11– 1.15 /center 1.17

Programme-level economic returns (10% d.r.) Base scenario 14.2% EIRR, NPV USD 10.2M · B/C 1.10 With carbon — low price Solar-drying units (10 MT) & roasting 1.05– 16–33% 20–35% 22–36% 8.7–50k /unit MSMEs (15 MT) 1.07 18.6% EIRR NPV USD 22.5M SAF 4 — Grafted cocoa agroforestry 24.3% (<900 m) — new v3 28.6% 29.5% 6,160 /ha 1.43 Cocoa fermentation-drying centre (100 MT) — new v3 37.7% 38.1% 187k /centre 1.07 With carbon — high price 22.6% EIRR, NPV USD 34.9M · B/C 1.33 35.3% Carbon co-benefits at World Bank shadow prices; ~560,000 tCO2e over 20 years (provisional). Financial analysis at 12%, 20 years, HTG (130.5 HTG/USD, BRH July 2026). Economic analysis with calculated conversion factors: SER 138 HTG/USD; SCF 1.06; labor CF 0.85; equipment CF 0.9 — i.e. benefits CF ≥ 1, costs CF ~0.8–0.9. Source: EFA 2026 (FAO Investment Centre, Sept 2026), based on the IFAD-EFOSE 2024 EFA methodology; indicators at 10/15/20 years. Bio-input factory business model: IRR ~11% (20 yrs) with grant-funded CAPEX — viable as a service enterprise, not aggregated. SECTION 3 · THE ASK Scaling up with partners Co-finance production, transformation, commercialization in priority zones GEF-9 anchors the Sud-Est expansion — nine further clusters are open to development banks, climate funds, UN pooled funds and bilateral partners (~USD 5.6M national level) Partner on markets specialty coffee roasters and importers, fermented-cocoa buyers and certification partners (fair trade, organic, EUDR-ready digital traceability) — building on Haitian Blue heritage and FECCANO's fermented-cocoa track record Blend public and private processing and fermentation centers, nurseries, bio-input factories and digital services designed as cooperative or youth/women-led businesses open to joint ventures and PPPs; matching grants seed MSMEs; revolving funds and a guarantee/interest facility unlock 3-5% credit with partner MFIs De-risked by design phased clusters outside the metro area, proven EFOSE/PITAG/PAPAIR models, INCAH-led governance and a national innovation platform, renewable energy, climate-resilient agroforestry and diversified farm income (coffee, cocoa, food crops) The Government of Haiti and FAO invite forum partners to support Agroforestry-based value chains in Haiti. Summary of financial and economic indicators Coffee value chain with cocoa and roots & tubers complements — Haiti · Hand-in-Hand Investment Note 2026 (v3, Sept 2026) 35.7 M USD Total investment 14.2 % EIRR (base scenario) 10.2 M USD NPV overall 9,300 Direct beneficiary families ~1,520 Direct jobs (processing units) +790 USD Average income increase per family per year 10 tCO2 Emission reductions Agroforestry-based value chains: coffee, cocoa and roots & tubers Total cost (USD): 35.7 M USD (2026-2031 EIRR: 14.2 % (18.6–22.6 % with carbon co-benefits) NPV (20 years, 10 % discount rate): USD 10.2 M (up to USD 34.9 M with carbon) B/C: 1.10 (up to 1.33 with carbon) Years to recover the investment: ~11 years • Direct beneficiary families: 9,300 (46,500 people) — 8,000 coffee, 1,300 cocoa; 1,000 ha of foodcrop gardens • Incremental income / family: USD 400–1,060 per year at maturity (avg USD 790) • Direct jobs: ~1,520 in 87 processing units and MSMEs + ~100 nursery, bio-input and seed enterprises • Indirect beneficiaries: ~35,000 people in cluster communities Source: EFA 2026 (FAO & Government of Haiti) — 10 clusters · 3,000 ha coffee + 650 ha cocoa + 1,000 ha food crops · figures under validation (Sept 2026). Format: Hand-in-Hand Investment Note summary standard.