(2025-06) BINUH - Rapport du Secrétaire général sur le Bureau intégré des Nations Unies en Haïti

S United Nations /2025/418 Security Council Distr.: General 27 June 2025 Original: English United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2743 (2024), by which the Council extended to 15 July 2025 the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH), in accordance with resolution 2476 (2019) establishing BINUH. The report covers the period from 15 April to 20 June 2025 and provides an update on the delivery of the BINUH mandate. II. Political issues and good governance Political developments 2. Amid continued challenges and unabated gang violence, Haitian-led efforts to advance the political process made some progress, particularly on the constitutional review and electoral preparations. Nevertheless, divergences among political and civil society stakeholders underscored concerns about the holding of a constitutional referendum and elections by February 2026. The Prime Minister, Alix Fils-Aimé, called on stakeholders to create a climate of security and trust conducive to holding a constitutional referendum and free and inclusive elections. BINUH consistently underscored the importance of national cohesion, constructive cooperation among national authorities and sustained inter-Haitian dialogue to restore security, advance the political process and implement the commitments agreed in Kingston on 11 March 2024. 3. Ahead of a planned public protest initially scheduled for 16 April, which was ultimately cancelled, the Transitional Presidential Council released a statement in which it warned of the threat posed by gangs and reiterated that security was a top priority. In subsequent statements, the Caribbean Community, France, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America reaffirmed their support for the transitional arrangements, emphasizing the urgent need to restore security and democratic governance while condemning attempts to destabilize the transition. 4. In its meetings on 14 and 30 April, the Council of Ministers, under the leadership of the transitional President, Fritz Jean, approved a revised budget to tackle the crisis, allocating additional funds for security forces and border security improvements, development initiatives and social programmes. The Council also approved the 25-09657 (E) 030725 *2509657* S/2025/418 creation of the National Security Agency to replace the National Intelligence Agency, which was established in 2021 but never became operational. 5. In a statement issued on 4 May, the Transitional Presidential Council welcomed the designation of several Haitian gangs as foreign terrorist organizations by the United States as a major step forward and expressed its readiness to cooperate with all countries willing to contribute to the fight against terrorism and transnational organized crime. In a joint statement, members of the 21 December Coalition and the Engagés pour le développement political party commended the designation as an important step and called on the international community to continue to support the Multinational Security Support Mission and strengthen the Haitian National Police and the Haitian Armed Forces. Various civil society organizations, including the Réseau national de défense des droits humains and the Centre d’analyse et de recherche sur les droits de l’homme, along with national experts and some diaspora groups, broadly supported the designation, expressing hope for enhanced international support in the fight against gangs. 6. Various stakeholders, including new emerging coalitions of political, civil society and diaspora groups, have voiced the need for alternative governance arrangements. On 14 May, Engagés pour le développement requested the Caribbean Community Eminent Persons Group to reorient the political transition. The Groupe de contact international pour Haïti adopted a resolution on 18 May in which it called for the swift restoration of constitutional order through the appointment of a judge from the Court of Cassation to steer the transition, the establishment of a downsized ministerial Cabinet headed by a Prime Minister and the creation of an oversight commission. On 20 May, a coalition of political and civil society groups proposed another governance blueprint comprising a judge from the Court of Cassation as transitional president and a Prime Minister selected through broad national consultations. 7. On 22 May, a Haitian delegation led by a member of the Transitional Presidential Council, Smith Augustin, participated in a symposium entitled “Finding urgent solutions for the Haiti security crisis”, convened by the Organization of American States. Participants called for coordinated and enhanced regional and international support, including increased assistance for the Haitian National Police, the Haitian Armed Forces and the Multinational Security Support Mission. 8. On 16 April, in line with its political strategy, BINUH supported civil society in organizing a meeting in Cap-Haïtien in the North Department that brought together over 30 young people and women to discuss transition priorities, including security, economic recovery, reforms and elections. On 3 May, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Haiti met with youth-led organizations to advocate for youth participation in governance reform. On 20 and 21 June, BINUH facilitated the organization of the national forum of civil society organizations to encourage multi- stakeholder dialogue on the transition and broaden women’s and youth participation. The event collected new proposals from 100 participants, including 35 women, to expedite national-led efforts towards the restoration of democratic institutions. Electoral preparations 9. The Provisional Electoral Council continued its electoral preparations, with support from BINUH and other United Nations partners, to complete the constitutional review process and elections within the timeline set by the agreement of April 2024, which foresees the installation of an elected president by 7 February 2026. 2/17 25-09657 S/2025/418 10. A newly established election security cell held its first monthly meeting on 14 April, bringing together members of the Provisional Electoral Council, the Haitian Armed Forces, the Haitian National Police, the Multinational Security Support Mission and BINUH, as well as the Minister of Justice and Public Security and the Minister of Defence. 11. On 23 April, the Provisional Electoral Council and the Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation adopted a framework document outlining United Nations electoral support. The project, led by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in partnership with BINUH, the United Nations Office for Project Services and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), foresees support for the constitutional review process, electoral operations and conflict prevention activities, as well as institutional strengthening of the Council. BINUH facilitates regular coordination of United Nations electoral support through an electoral task force, which convenes United Nations agencies, funds and programmes involved in electoral assistance, as recommended by the electoral needs assessment mission in December 2024. 12. On 2 May, the Provisional Electoral Council submitted to the Government a revised draft decree for the referendum, which foresees a simplified electoral dispute resolution mechanism and establishes a 90-day period between the official publication of the revised constitution and the holding of the referendum. 13. On a visit to Les Cayes in the South Department on 7 May, the Prime Minister reaffirmed the Government’s determination to advance both the referendum and the broader electoral process. He announced the availability of $65 million (8.5 billion gourdes) for electoral operations, as well as $5.7 million (750 million gourdes) for political parties and increased funding for security forces. Between 20 May and 20 June, 350 personnel from the Provisional Electoral Council, with United Nations support, were deployed to all departments across the country to assess voting centres. The Council also received supplementary material through UNDP to enhance identity verification during the referendum and facilitate the voting process for internally displaced persons. 14. Marking a significant milestone, the steering committee of the National Conference for the constitutional review process submitted the draft of the revised constitutional text to the Government on 21 May. The draft, which will undergo additional intra-Haitian consultations, preserves key human rights provisions of the Constitution of 1987 and increases the minimum quota for women in public offices from 30 to 40 per cent. Amid various calls to reform the structure of the legislative power, the text maintains the bicameral parliament, albeit with a reduced number of senators, and proposes significant changes to the political system by synchronizing the terms of office of all elected officials, including at the local level, and defines the authority of the elected president as Head of State and Government. The document elicited mixed reactions from Haitian stakeholders and questions on the feasibility of holding a referendum in the current security context. III. Security, rule of law and human rights Armed violence 15. In sustaining their territorial expansion, armed gangs have seized strategic locations across the West, Central and Artibonite Departments, spreading violence and committing serious human rights abuses against the population. All access routes to the capital are now under gang control. Gangs tightened their grip around the capital neighbourhoods still under State control, negatively affecting access to 25-09657 3/17 S/2025/418 essential services, restricting freedom of movement, causing mass displacements and severely disrupting economic activity. The increased capacity of Port-au-Prince- based gangs to launch attacks in the Central and Artibonite Departments and along key traffic routes in the South-East Department, particularly near the border town of Séguin, paired with the growing presence of self-defence groups in departments with limited police presence, could lead to a significant weakening of State authority. Gang members killed in police operations are quickly replaced by new, younger members. 16. Between January and May 2025, BINUH recorded 4,026 victims of intentional homicide, including 376 women, 68 boys and 21 girls. This represents a 24 per cent increase compared with the same period in 2024. During the quarter from 1 March to 31 May, BINUH recorded 2,364 victims of intentional homicide, including 226 women, 30 boys and 9 girls, an 11 per cent decrease compared with 2,660 victims during the period from December 2024 to February 2025. Abductions for ransom perpetrated by gangs affected 327 victims, including 113 women, 14 boys and eight girls, compared with 404 kidnappings recorded over the previous three-month period. Amid increasing public frustration with the State’s limited protection capacity, vigilante or self-defence groups are gaining popularity. During the reporting period, these groups, as well as non-organized members of the population, lynched at least 100 men and one woman suspected of gang association or collaboration. Although these groups often serve as the last remaining security mechanisms in many areas, they violate fundamental human rights, including the right to life and the right to a fair trial, while simultaneously fuelling further violence in the form of retaliatory attacks by gangs. The apparent rise in support for self-defence groups has also resulted in greater prominence for certain personalities, such as the leader of the self- defence group in Canapé-Vert in the commune of Port-au-Prince, who started the Bwa Kale movement in April 2023 and is increasingly rallying supporters to challenge the authorities through protests in the capital, including one organized on 19 March that brought together thousands of people. Another protest scheduled for 16 April was ultimately aborted. 17. Port-au-Prince-based gangs have continued to launch fierce attacks in the Centre Department and now partially control the towns of Mirebalais and Saut-d’Eaud’Eau, where key road sections link the capital to northern regions of the country and the Dominican Republic. Gang presence also limits the mobility of Haitian deportees from the Dominican Republic through the border crossing point in a third town, Belladère. From 31 March to 10 April, the Haitian National Police reported the killing of 75 persons, including 15 residents and 60 gang members, of whom 5 were lynched by the population, while 20 others, including two police officers, were wounded. On 8 June, gangs set fire to the central public market, a critical piece of local infrastructure. Faced with a deteriorating security situation, residents of Mirebalais broke into the Péligre hydroelectric plant and sabotaged equipment, affecting the power supply in Port-au-Prince. High-tension cable towers were also destroyed, severely limiting the Electricité d’Haiti power supply. The residents demanded government action against the gangs controlling the area. 18. Similarly, on 30 April, in Petite-Rivière in the Artibonite Department, near Cité de la Crète, a gang attack resulted in the killing of 57 members of the population, including seven boys. During the same attack, the gang kidnapped at least four people, including two boys, set on fire approximately 80 homes and caused the forced displacement of over 16,000 persons, according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM). 19. In the West Department, the security situation in the commune of Kenscoff remained volatile, with gang attacks on the village of Furcy. In April, confrontations with gangs resulted in the killing of one police officer and two soldiers. Five police 4/17 25-09657 S/2025/418 officers and three soldiers were also injured and an armoured police vehicle was destroyed. On 9 May, gang members ransacked the police substation before being repelled by the police. Gang violence also spread to the Pacot neighbourhood in southern Port-au-Prince, leading to the complete destruction of entire residential areas. The communes of Croix-des-Bouquets and Carrefour remained under gang control, while gang violence expanded to Delmas. 20. In response to worsening gang violence, the Government implemented a series of security measures, including the renewal of the nationwide state of emergency from 8 April to 31 July 2025. On 3 April, the Transitional Presidential Council adopted a resolution in which it authorized the involvement of the Protected Areas Security Brigade in the fight against the gangs, despite strained relationships with the Haitian National Police. A specialized police task force created by the Prime Minister remained engaged in anti-gang operations using explosive drones. Between March and May, these operations resulted in at least 262 gang members being killed and 229 others injured, with two members of the population reported wounded. Police-related developments 21. Notwithstanding the initiatives to reshuffle police leadership and develop specialized capabilities, anti-gang operations by the Haitian National Police continued to yield mixed results due to resource constraints, the absence of a comprehensive national security strategy and substantial difficulties in reorganizing the command structure to support intelligence-driven, rapid operations. 22. Excluding the thirty-fourth class of recruits that is still onboarding, the police workforce stood at 12,788 officers, including 1,563 women. From January to May, the police lost 64 officers, including 21 killed. Due to operational challenges, the written examination for the thirty-fifth cadet class was postponed. Of the 413 police facilities in the country, 78 remained non-operational. In addition to the attack on the police substation in Furcy on 9 May (see para. 19), a second police station in the Grand’Anse Department was stormed by a mob following allegations of excessive use of force by the police. In May, the Organization of American States completed the refurbishment of the Canapé-Vert police station in Port-au-Prince. 23. On 29 March, the new Central Director of the Administrative Police was appointed, while recently graduated police commissioners were deployed to various departments, bringing fresh perspectives to the command structure. The Haitian National Police also reinforced the Centre and Artibonite Departments with specialized personnel. 24. In April and May, BINUH police advisers and bilateral partners conducted a series of technical meetings and field visits to establish more effective reconnaissance and intervention capacities that could respond quickly to emerging threats. The needs of the Haitian National Police garage and the provision of urgent spare parts and equipment were assessed to help to maintain the police vehicle fleet. As at 31 May, the Haitian National Police possessed 116 armoured vehicles, 20 of which were non-operational, while 20 others had been burned by gangs. 25. On 27 May, the Communication, Command, Control and Intelligence Centre, funded by a bilateral partner and the police basket fund, was handed over. This facility, supported by BINUH and partners, directly addresses previously identified weaknesses in joint police operations, such as issues related to inefficiency in the chain of command and coordination challenges between police intervention units. 26. In March, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Global Maritime Crime Programme conducted the first “Visit, board, search and seizure” training for 16 Haitian coastguard officers. In April, UNODC held two boat 25-09657 5/17 S/2025/418 maintenance courses for 18 coastguard mechanics and a workshop on standard operating procedures to assess the legal frameworks, operational requirements and task division among specialized police and customs officers. On 28 April, a five-week small boat coxswain course began for 13 coastguard officers on navigation, emergency procedures and maritime safety. 27. During the reporting period, at least 874 instances of alleged human rights violations involving law enforcement officers were documented in the context of anti-gang operations. These included summary executions and incidents in which insufficient precautionary measures were taken to protect civilians. BINUH and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) shared detailed information on 89 documented cases of extrajudicial killings and attempted extrajudicial killings (resulting in 165 fatalities (140 men, 12 women and 13 children) and 37 injuries) with the General Inspectorate of the Haitian National Police through a dedicated information-sharing mechanism. Of the 89 cases, 67 occurred in 2024 and 22 in 2025. 28. As part of its mandate to ensure that all United Nations entities operating in Haiti remain fully aligned with the human rights due diligence policy, BINUH and OHCHR provided support to both IOM and UNDP in finalizing their general risk assessments, and also shared information with UNODC regarding alleged human rights violations committed by the Haitian border police. To further promote compliance with the policy, BINUH and OHCHR drafted tailored commitment letters for each United Nations agency that provides support to the Haitian National Police. Justice, impunity and corruption 29. On 31 March, the Transitional Presidential Council inaugurated the new premises of the Port-au-Prince Court of First Instance in Delmas 75, following a number of relocations in recent years due to persistent insecurity. On 24 April, with support from BINUH and UNDP, the Ministry of Justice and Public Security delivered equipment to support the relaunch of the Court’s activities. The Office of the Prosecutor in Les Cayes and the Port-au-Prince Court of First Instance received equipment from BINUH and OHCHR to assist in furnishing their facilities. 30. On 16 April, national authorities published a decree establishing specialized judicial units to investigate, prosecute and adjudicate complex financial crimes and mass crimes, including cases of sexual violence. BINUH, OHCHR and UNODC facilitated the establishment of these specialized units and are supporting their operationalization with specialized training, equipment and logistical assistance. On 24 June, BINUH supported training by the bar of Port-au-Prince for 150 lawyers to engage effectively with the specialized units. 31. In a public note issued on 28 April, the Transitional Presidential Council reminded judicial institutions of their obligation to handle the cases of individuals under international sanctions and requested the Prime Minister to mobilize relevant judicial institutions. On 12 May, the Minister of Justice and Public Security ordered precautionary measures, including asset freezes and financial investigations. The Public Prosecutor subsequently indicated that judicial proceedings would be launched, announced the freezing of the bank accounts of individuals sanctioned by the United Nations and requested other countries to provide case files on persons subject to sanctions for supporting gangs. 32. In April and May, the Anti-Corruption Unit submitted reports to the Port-au- Prince Public Prosecutor implicating former high-ranking officials in extensive corruption schemes, including a report on 9 May recommending prosecutions against a former Head of the Ombudsman’s Office. 6/17 25-09657 S/2025/418 33. On 11 April, BINUH supported a virtual forum organized by the Regroupement national des étudiants haïtiens, with 60 participants, to explore the role of young people in combating corruption. On 26 April, BINUH supported a workshop organized by the Haitian women’s organization Negès Mawon in Port-au-Prince, bringing together 125 participants to promote gender-sensitive approaches in judicial responses. The outcomes of the workshop will help to inform ongoing advocacy efforts and technical support to national authorities in strengthening gender- responsive justice mechanisms, contribute to the elimination of violence against women and advance women’s inclusion in justice processes. 34. Between March and May, BINUH and OHCHR provided support to the jurisdictions of Croix-des-Bouquets and Les Cayes for holding criminal hearings without jury assistance to address prolonged pretrial detention. As a result, 132 defendants were prosecuted for serious criminal offences, including rape, murder, criminal conspiracy and the unlawful possession and trafficking of firearms. 35. As part of the justice and anti-impunity support programme implemented by UNDP in cooperation with BINUH, training sessions for clerks of the Peace Courts (21–25 April) and the Courts of First Instance (28 April–2 May) gathered 48 participants, including 17 women. BINUH and UNDP also supported associations of Haitian magistrates through workshops on anti-corruption and judicial independence on 25 April and 28 May, respectively. 36. From April to June, UNODC conducted a series of capacity-building activities to enhance the skills of over 300 law enforcement officials, magistrates, lawyers and civil servants. In cooperation with BINUH, UNODC also facilitated digital skills training for 90 officials. On the occasion of the “Salon du droit” on 9 May, which drew over 1,500 participants, the Special Representative reiterated the need to strengthen the fight against financial crimes and money-laundering in Haiti and highlighted the importance of adopting integrated approaches to reinforce the rule of law, acknowledging the country’s growing commitment to anti-corruption reform. Corrections 37. In April, the departure of a major non-governmental healthcare provider, which had previously conducted approximately 4,000 medical consultations per month across prisons in Haiti, created a critical gap in prison medical services. In response, BINUH mobilized alternative sources of funding and engaged government ministries on the matter. A directive issued by the Ministry of Justice and Public Security on 24 March concerning the decentralization of food supplies to improve the dire conditions of detention has yet to be implemented. As at 4 June, the prison population stood at 7,154 inmates, including 405 women, 237 boys and 23 girls. Among these, 5,854 were on pretrial, accounting for approximately 82 per cent of those in preventive detention, and 1,300 had been convicted, resulting in an occupancy rate of 296 per cent, with approximately 0.34 m2 per inmate. 38. Originally designed as a juvenile rehabilitation centre, the centre for the education and social reintegration of minors in conflict with the law housed 289 men, 154 women, 91 boys and 17 girls as at 11 June. The facility is operating at five times its intended capacity, rendering the implementation of effective rehabilitation programmes impossible. Advocacy by BINUH to mitigate overcrowding at the centre has been under way since April. This includes organizing future ad hoc hearings in coordination with the Prison Administration Directorate, the Ministry of Justice and Public Security and the relevant judicial authorities. UNDP completed the construction of five new classrooms at the centre in May. The procurement process for furnishing the classrooms, along with a sewing workshop aimed at supporting the reintegration of minors and women, is expected to conclude in June. 25-09657 7/17 S/2025/418 39. In May, the five prisons in the southern departments of Haiti were equipped with cameras designed to systematically record inmates upon admission. This initiative is being implemented with material support from BINUH and a non-governmental organization. Efforts are ongoing to extend use of the equipment to the remaining prisons across the country. In parallel, BINUH is collaborating with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to establish a systemic mechanism for the objective identification and rehabilitation of juveniles recruited by gangs. Community violence reduction 40. On 2 May, after the Prime Minister authorized an increase in the number of commissioners from seven to nine, the Transitional Presidential Council abolished the National Commission for Disarmament, Dismantlement and Reintegration, citing a lack of public trust in some of its members. The Council announced its intention to establish a new commission with broad-based legitimacy and aligned with national priorities. 41. On 14 May, BINUH facilitated a high-level working session of the inter-institutional task force on disarmament, dismantlement, reintegration and community violence reduction, bringing together 44 representatives of national authorities, civil society, the private sector, the Haitian National Police, the Multinational Security Support Mission and other international partners. BINUH continued to advise national counterparts on arms and ammunition management, in alignment with the Caribbean Firearms Road Map. In April, BINUH supported the preparation of the country’s second self-assessment under the Road Map. The revised draft law on weapons and ammunition control, which is harmonized with regional and international standards, is under consideration by the Government. BINUH facilitated the participation of a member of the inter-institutional task force in an international community violence reduction training session in Switzerland in May. 42. On 13 May, a project on strengthening social cohesion by training women-led community mediators for the defection of children from gangs and the prevention of recruitment was launched in Port-au-Prince with support from BINUH, IOM and Université Quisqueya. The initiative trains women in mediation, peace pedagogy and restorative justice to prevent youth recruitment into gangs and support the reintegration of children leaving gangs. The launch event underscored a collective commitment to gender-responsive approaches in addressing security challenges and promoting social cohesion, emphasizing the crucial role of women’s leadership in building resilient communities and advancing sustainable peace in Haiti. 43. The United Nations continued efforts to strengthen inter-agency and inter-institutional coordination on arms control. On 3 June, BINUH participated in a technical coordination meeting on weapons and ammunition management, bringing together national authorities, United Nations agencies, the European Union and the Multinational Security Support Mission to discuss efforts to strengthen disarmament initiatives and bolster institutional capacity. National human rights institutions and civil society organizations 44. BINUH, OHCHR and UNODC continued to support national institutions in the fight against corruption. In April, training on social auditing was conducted for 34 participants (19 men and 15 women) from key institutions, including the Ombudsman’s Office, across eight departments. Since May, these trained actors have expanded the initiative by delivering training to over 105 organizations, in partnership with national human rights groups, thereby enhancing national ownership and sustainability. As a result, actors have developed essential skills in planning audits, data collection, analysis and the dissemination of results, significantly improving 8/17 25-09657 S/2025/418 their capacity to detect and report irregularities in public projects and programmes. Six additional training sessions are scheduled until June to broaden the impact. 45. BINUH and OHCHR also provided training to 29 human rights advocates (19 men and 10 women) from 27 organizations, including the Ombudsman’s Office and civil society groups, in monitoring, verifying and reporting violations. The training covered critical issues such as gender-based violence prevention and response, democracy and citizen participation, and organizational management. 46. BINUH and OHCHR continued to support Haitian civil society organizations in running the peace and integrity clubs initiative established in 18 schools across 13 communes, including 2 schools in Port-au-Prince. Launched in November 2024 and lasting until mid-2025, the initiative, implemented in partnership with two civil society groups, engaged over 300 students (153 boys and 168 girls) in civic education and citizenship values. IV. Multinational Security Support Mission coordination 47. On 11 April, a tabletop exercise involving BINUH police, external partners and Haitian National Police and Multinational Security Support Mission personnel simulated a high-risk threat scenario such as a complex gang attack and highlighted potential gaps and weaknesses in planning and operations. Further simulations and training are planned. Biweekly meetings between Haitian National Police and Multinational Security Support Mission personnel to coordinate and share information to enhance joint operations continued, with the participation of BINUH. 48. On 13 May, Multinational Security Support Mission medical personnel conducted a joint medical evacuation simulation exercise. This coincided with the signature of an agreement between Kenya and the Dominican Republic formalizing medical evacuation and repatriation procedures for Kenyan police officers. 49. OHCHR made tangible contributions to reinforcing human rights compliance within the Multinational Security Support Mission through a comprehensive, multipronged approach. In collaboration with the Resident Coordinator Office, UNICEF, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse network and the International NGO Safety Organisation, OHCHR delivered five in-mission training sessions, reaching 123 personnel (112 men and 11 women). The sessions covered essential topics, including international human rights standards, the proportional use of force, the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse, the protection of vulnerable groups (particularly women and children), appropriate handling of children formerly associated with gangs, and adherence to humanitarian principles in complex operational environments. 50. OHCHR supported the launch of the Multinational Security Support Mission steering committee for its complaint and reporting mechanism, offering a structured and confidential channel for communities to report human rights violations, including sexual exploitation and abuse, involving Mission personnel. The 15-member steering committee, chaired by the Deputy Commander of the Mission, brings together representatives from the Mission, the Haitian National Police, United Nations agencies and civil society organizations. Complementing the initiative, OHCHR facilitated two consultations with civil society actors to develop a protection guide outlining risk identification and mitigation strategies for safe community engagement with Mission personnel. 51. As part of its monitoring mandate, OHCHR tracked a number of joint operations carried out by Haitian security forces with Multinational Security Support Mission support. The findings were reviewed with the Mission leadership through an 25-09657 9/17 S/2025/418 established joint evaluation mechanism, ensuring that operational feedback informs future planning and that safeguards are strengthened. 52. OHCHR also convened the second joint after-action review to evaluate the human rights impact of Multinational Security Support Mission-led operations on populations. The session produced recommendations to improve the integration of human rights considerations in the planning and execution of operations. One key recommendation, endorsed by both OHCHR and the Mission leadership, was the need to conduct targeted capacity-building sessions with Haitian National Police commanders to improve compliance with international human rights standards in day- to-day law enforcement activities. V. Women and peace and security 53. The period marked an increase in sexual violence committed by gangs, used deliberately to assert control over communities, including as retribution against individuals who disobeyed orders or attempted to leave neighbourhoods, often resulting in the killing of victims. In March and April, through the monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements on conflict-related sexual violence, BINUH documented 364 incidents involving 378 survivors (348 women, two boys and 28 girls). Collective rape was the most common violation (76 per cent), followed by rape (21 per cent). 54. From January to April, humanitarian partners reported 2,697 incidents of gender-based violence. Rape accounted for 52 per cent of incidents, of which 45 per cent were collective rape. Sexual violence is frequently linked to harmful coping mechanisms, including transactional sex, intimate partner violence, abductions and harmful traditional practices. Despite the urgent need, access to essential gender- based violence response services remains critically limited. It is worth noting that only 27 per cent of survivors were able to seek treatment within the first 72 hours of rape. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) continued to ensure access to critical services by deploying mobile clinics, distributing dignity kits, coordinating prevention and response services and providing remote support for survivors. 55. BINUH and OHCHR support was important in strengthening the capacity of law enforcement to investigate sexual violence, collect evidence and provide integrated support to survivors. In May, support was provided to Haitian National Police trainers in delivering training sessions on sexual violence investigation techniques for 62 investigators, including 37 women. To enhance coordination between service providers and the police, BINUH and OHCHR launched the first coordination platform with the Pétion-Ville police station to foster mutual understanding, address the needs of survivors and improve referral pathways. BINUH and OHCHR continued to advise the ministerial commission overseeing sexual violence cases processed by magistrates nationwide. In March and April, across 13 jurisdictions, 130 cases of sexual violence were pending investigation, 77 were under investigation by examining judges and 7 were closed. 56. BINUH and OHCHR strengthened the protection of vulnerable populations by raising awareness of sexual and gender-based violence in six camps for internally displaced persons, in coordination with community and educational police units and sexual and gender-based violence cells from police stations in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area, to enhance prevention efforts and improve response mechanisms. 57. BINUH and OHCHR prevention efforts extended to engaging with religious leaders. In May and June, technical and financial support was provided to the Haitian Society of History, Geography and Geology in organizing workshops aimed at 10/17 25-09657 S/2025/418 mobilizing Vodou leaders in the South and Grand’Anse Departments to raise awareness of sexual and gender-based violence prevention. The workshops, held from 19 to 28 April and 28 May to 2 June, reached 180 Vodou leaders, including 105 women. VI. Unemployment, youth and other vulnerable groups Socioeconomic situation 58. Between March and May 2025, the economy of Haiti continued to contract, with the World Bank projecting a 2.2 per cent decline in gross domestic product for the year. This downturn is attributed to persistent insecurity hindering private investment and disrupting supply chains, coupled with high inflation dampening household consumption. The Haitian Institute of Statistics and Information Sciences reported a 26.8 per cent year-on-year increase in the consumer price index as of April. This surge is driven by rising costs in food, transportation and energy, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. The Haitian gourde maintained relative stability against the United States dollar, averaging 130.75 gourdes per dollar in May. This stability is partly due to interventions by the Bank of the Republic of Haiti in the foreign exchange market. As at 26 May, the price of gasoline stood at $1.12 (147.94 gourdes) per litre. While below the global average, this price remains burdensome for Haitian consumers amid stagnant incomes. 59. In March, the World Bank approved a new country partnership framework for Haiti, allocating $320 million for the 2025–2029 period to support economic and social recovery, focusing on areas with high poverty and limited access to basic services. In April, the Government of Haiti adopted a revised budget for the 2024/25 fiscal year, increasing current expenditure by 5.2 per cent and reducing capital expenditure by 6.2 per cent. The revised budget prioritizes security enhancements and support for vulnerable populations. Social protection and food security 60. During the reporting period, OHCHR, as co-lead of the protection cluster in Haiti, partnered with 34 implementing organizations to assist a total of 81,492 beneficiaries (28,652 men and 52,840 women, including 25 persons with disabilities) in 9 of the 10 departments. Of the beneficiaries, 4,312 were internally displaced persons, while 77,151 belonged to host communities. OHCHR also referred 230 individuals (32 men, 60 women, 54 boys and 84 girls) affected by forced displacement to civil society partners, as well as to IOM, UNFPA and UNICEF, enabling access to vital services. 61. Haiti is facing its worst levels of food insecurity since the earthquake in 2010, with 5.71 million people – half the population – currently experiencing acute food insecurity (Integrated Food Security Phase Classification phase 3 or higher), including 2.1 million at emergency levels (phase 4) and over 8,400 facing catastrophic hunger (phase 5, or famine) in displacement sites. In 2025, food security interventions account for nearly half of the country’s entire humanitarian response budget, underscoring their critical role in mitigating the broader crisis. The World Food Programme (WFP) flagship school meals programme exemplifies how food assistance continues to improve children’s well-being and that of their families and helps to keep more than half a million children in school, improving learning outcomes and supporting local food systems. 62. In May, BINUH and OHCHR trained 30 health professionals (including 21 women doctors, nurses and archivists) from Cité Soleil, Croix des Bouquets, Kenscoff, Pétion-Ville and Tabarre. The training enhanced participants’ understanding 25-09657 11/17 S/2025/418 of the right to health and skills to effectively document violations and abuses linked to gang violence. Child protection 63. Between March and May, the child protection situation in Haiti deteriorated sharply. Gangs now control between 75 and 85 per cent of Port-au-Prince, with children as young as 8 making up 30 to 50 per cent of their ranks. Recruitment is driven by poverty, hunger and the collapse of education and social services. Girls in particular remain at a heightened risk of sexual violence. In response, UNICEF has demobilized and reintegrated over 140 children through a 2024 protocol with the Government, set up temporary learning spaces and provided nutrition support to over 27,800 children and 267 caregivers. 64. Violence has displaced more than 680,000 children – a 25 per cent increase since December 2024. Only 55 per cent of health facilities in the capital remain functional, further limiting children’s access to essential services. As of May, over 1,600 schools remained closed in the West, Artibonite and Centre Departments, up from 960 since the start of the year, affecting 1.2 million students and teachers. VII. Basic social service delivery and resilience Humanitarian needs and access to basic services 65. Nearly 1.3 million people are internally displaced within the country, representing a 24 per cent increase compared with December 2024, according to the IOM data tracking matrix in June. Most of the individuals (77 per cent) are hosted in various departments, while 23 per cent are in the capital. The main factors contributing to the increase include gang attacks that have spread to the Centre Department, continued violence in the capital and intensified attacks in Petite Rivière de l’Artibonite. The number of displacement sites has nearly doubled, from 142 to 246, due mainly to attacks in the Centre Department and the consequent population flight for safety. The Centre Department now has 85 displacement sites, whereas it had none in December 2024. For the first time, the number of sites outside Port-au- Prince has surpassed those in the capital, with 218,891 individuals, living in displacement sites nationwide, including 72,000 in the Centre Department and 21,000 in Petite Rivière de l’Artibonite. 66. Mass deportations of Haitians continued, with 108,583 migrants deported from January to 5 June, 98.3 per cent of whom originated from the Dominican Republic. At the Belladère and Ouanaminthe border crossings, the National Office for Migration and IOM, in coordination with other partners, have assisted an average of 15 pregnant women and 15 breastfeeding mothers per day since 22 April. 67. Insecurity is weighing heavily on access to basic social services. As of June, of the 254 healthcare facilities with in-patient capacities assessed nationally by the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization, only 13 per cent were fully operational. In the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area, only 5 per cent of the 93 health facilities assessed were fully functional. Access to education has also been severely compromised. 68. Humanitarian partners responded by delivering shelter and essential non-food items to 36,518 displaced individuals, including tarpaulins and installation kits for 31,581 people and relief kits for 17,088. In the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince, 31 sites hosting 76,730 displaced persons benefited from coordinated support. Across the capital and the Centre Department, 121,262 people at 46 sites received 19 million litres of potable water. Sanitation services reached 66,168 people, while 2,787 12/17 25-09657 S/2025/418 hygiene kits were distributed to nearly 20,000 displaced and host community members. A multi-risk response plan (for cholera, floods and displacement) was launched with nine partners. Clean-up operations, hygiene promotion and water infrastructure repairs supported an additional 9,000 people, particularly in Tabarre, Croix-des-Bouquets and Cité Soleil. IOM also supplied 2.5 million litres of clean water to 33,195 displaced people at eight sites. 69. UNICEF and WFP significantly scaled up their nutritional intervention. UNICEF screened 27,782 children, identifying 3,540 cases of severe acute malnutrition and 4,498 of moderate acute malnutrition. Treatment was provided, with a recovery rate of 84.1 per cent. Vitamin A, micronutrient powders and iron and folic acid supplements reached thousands of women and children. UNICEF also distributed 3,300 cartons of therapeutic food and conducted awareness sessions for 26,011 caregivers covering infant feeding, gender-based violence prevention and protection against sexual exploitation and abuse. WFP screened 20,346 individuals – mainly children under 5 and pregnant or breastfeeding women – and conducted 18,375 awareness sessions. Nutritional rations were distributed to 21,435 individuals, with a focus on Artibonite, West and South Departments. 70. Organizations working at the border with the Dominican Republic responded with humanitarian support, shelter and assistance related to obtaining documentation. From January to June, as part of efforts to reduce maternal mortality, UNFPA distributed 42 emergency reproductive health kits. In addition to the kits, 3,800 implants, 45,360 cycles of oral contraceptive pills and 17,700 morning-after pills were distributed in West and Artibonite Departments to ensure easy access to modern contraceptive methods for people to make their family planning choices. VIII. Operating environment 71. International commercial flights to Toussaint Louverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince remained suspended following the issuance of a flight ban by the United States Federal Aviation Administration, significantly hindering the mobility of BINUH personnel. While the United Nations Humanitarian Air Service provides limited air transport between Cap-Haïtien and Port-au-Prince, the sustainability of the service remains contingent upon the continued availability of voluntary funding. The safety and sustainability of domestic flights resumed in June from Port-au-Prince is yet to be assessed. 72. Taking into account available air extraction capabilities and existing security assets, the United Nations presence in Port-au-Prince has been capped at a maximum of 133 personnel. Within this ceiling, BINUH rotates a pool of 52 international personnel into Port-au-Prince together with 25 security personnel on regular deployment and 57 national staff. The remaining 23 international personnel work remotely. Considering these constraints, in accordance with the approved guidelines on the mission concept and mission plan, the Secretariat, in coordination with BINUH, conducted a review of the mission’s concept, accounting for significant political and security developments since its establishment in 2019. At that time, planning was predicated on political stability and the continued development of police capacity. Based on the review, several strategic measures were identified to prioritize mission tasks, reduce staffing and rationalize resources to enable mandate implementation under the prevailing security conditions. The revised mission concept will be completed in July following the Security Council’s decision on the mandate and will include revised technical concepts of operations for the police, mission support and security components. 25-09657 13/17 S/2025/418 73. Escalating gang violence continues to disrupt essential services upon which BINUH relies, placing severe strain on Haitian National Police capacity to ensure the security of United Nations personnel. Despite persistent difficulties in accessing seaports, BINUH replenished its vehicle dispensing point, ensuring adequate fuel reserves to sustain current operational levels until the end of the calendar year. To enhance operational resilience, BINUH also procured additional combat ration packs, increasing stock levels to eight days of full operational supply. Although the telecommunications environment in Haiti presents ongoing challenges, the mission’s primary communication lines remained la