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PRINCIPLES OF PORT OPERATIONS REGULATION CAP-HAITIEN PORT REGULATORY STRENGTHENING PROJECT February 2018 PRINCIPLES OF PORT OPERATION REGULATION Activity Title: Cap-Haitien Port Regulatory Strengthening Project Sponsoring USAID Office: Economic Growth Office Contract Number: AID-521-C-16-00003 Contractor: Nathan Associates Inc. Disclaimer This document is made possible through the support of the American people through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. CONTENTS Acronyms and Abbreviations v Introduction 1 Port Institutional Reform 1 Environmental Protection 2 Health and Safety 2 Security 2 Technology 3 1. International Best Practices 4 Port Operating Rules and Regulations 4 Lessons Learned 6 Port State Control 8 Principles 8 Functions 9 Port Authority Tariffs 9 2. Current Situation 11 PSC Functions in Haiti and at Cap Haitien Port 11 Caribbean MOU 11 PSC in Haiti and Cap Haitien 12 Charges, Rules, and Regulations Applicable in Port-au-Prince 15 Existing Operational Regulations 15 ISPS Enforcement 16 Port Facility Security Plan Approval Form 16 SEMANAH Draft Maritime Code and Reception Team 17 Draft Port Operating Regulations 19 Haiti Port Actors 20 Regulatory Functions of a Proprietary Port 23 Reassignment of CHP Regulatory Functions 25 Assessment of Operational Rules and Regulations in the Proposed Concession Agreement at Cap Haitien 27 Environmental and Social Matter Assessment (Article 20) 29 Security and Safety Assessment (Article 21) 31 Operation and Maintenance Assessment (Schedule 6) 31 Tariffs, Fees, and Charges Payable by the Terminal Users (Schedule 13) 32 Underlying Port Services (Schedule 17) 32 P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | III 3. Conclusions and Recommendations for CHP 33 Bibliography 37 Caribbean MOU, Container Terminal Operations, and Pilotage Services 37 Concession Agreements 38 Environmental Standards and Guidelines 38 Governance 39 Health and Safety 39 KPI 39 Operational Rules 39 Port State Control 40 Pricing and Tariffs 40 Tugboat Services 40 Vessel Arrival Documents 40 VTS Systems 40 Yard Operations 40 Security 40 Other Documents 40 ILLUSTRATIONS Exhibits Exhibit 1. Main Functions and Features of a Port 5 Exhibit 2. International Conventions, Rules, Standards, Protocols, and Practices Commonly Used in Ports 6 Exhibit 3. Port Facility Security Plan Approval Form Sections 17 Exhibit 4. SEMANAH Draft Maritime Code Table of Content 17 Exhibit 5. APN Draft Port Operating Regulations 20 Exhibit 6. Chapters in the Proposed Operation and Maintenance Contract for the Container Terminal at the International Port of Cap Haitien (January 2017 Version) 29 Figures Figure 1. Private Sector Participation in Port Projects in Developing Countries, 1990–2016 1 Figure 2. SEMANAH Organizational Structure 13 Figure 3. Vessel Reception Process by the Reception Team 19 Figure 4. CHP Organization 21 Figure 5. Proposed Organizational Structure for ANP Successors 22 Tables Table 1. Key Functions of ANAREP and SONAGEP 23 Table 2. Current Regulatory Functions of Haitian Government Bodies 23 P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | IV Table 3. Counterpart Group Recommended Allocation of Regulatory Functions for Port of Cap Haitien 26 Table 4. Supporting Functions Recommended by CGM 27 Table 5. Documents to be Developed by APN and the Operator 30 Table 6. Port Operational Regulation Rules Table of Contents Examples from Different Ports 36 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ANAREP National Authority for Port Regulation (Autorité Nationale de Régulation des Ports) Antifouling 01 International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling System APN National Ports Authority (Autorité Portuaire National) BASC Business Alliance for Secure Commerce BASCAP Business Alliance to Stop Counterfeit and Piracy CCSS Code Caribbean Cargo Ship Safety Code CEDA Centre for Environmental Analysis CHP Cap Haïtien Port COLREG International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Seas CSC Convention 72 International Convention for Safe Containers CSI Container Security Initiative C-TPAT Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism ESPO European Sea Ports Organization FAL 65 Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic IACS International Association of Classification Societies IALA International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse IAPH International Association of Ports and Harbors ICLL 66 International Convention on Load Lines ICT 69 International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships IDC International Dockworker's Council IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labour Organization IMDG Code International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code IMO International Maritime Organization IMPA International Maritime Pilots' Association INMARSAT OA76 Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization ISM Code International Safety Management Code ISO International Organization for Standardization P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | VI ISPS Code International Ship and Port Facility Security Code ISSC International Ship Security Certificate ITWF International Transport Workers Federation London Convention 72 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter MARPOL 73/78 Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships PFSO Port Facility Security Officer PFSP Port Facility Security Plan PIANC World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure PSC Port State Control RSO Recognized Security Organization SAR Convention International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue SCV Code Small Commercial Vessel Code SEMANAH Haiti Maritime and Navigation Service (Service Maritime et de Navigation d'Haiti) SFV Protocol 93 Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea SONAGEP National Port Management and Exploitation Company (Société Nationale de Gestion et d'Exploitation des Ports) STCW International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers STP Agreement 71 Special Trade Passenger Ships Agreement UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime VTS Vessel Traffic Service WB World Bank WCO World Customs Organization INTRODUCTION This document examines common topics and best practices in port operating rules and regulations, then provides guidance for Cap-Haitien Port (CHP) in adapting these rules and regulations to its own needs. It describes the legal powers and responsibilities typically covered in these rules and regulations. PORT INSTITUTIONAL REFORM Port institutional reform has swept the world since the early 1980s as countries work to improve port performance and enable private investment in needed infrastructure. Figure 1 shows the growing participation of the private sector in port operations since 1990— 358 port projects in developing countries awarded to private companies in different types of public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements. Figure 1. Private Sector Participation in Port Projects in Developing Countries, 1990–2016 Source: World Bank PPI Database Many PPP arrangements and contracting structures are used, varying mainly in the degree of private sector participation. According to the World Bank Port Reform Toolkit, the following strategies have been adopted by port authorities around the world: • Modernization of port administration and management systems, equipment, and technology • Liberalization or deregulation of port services—changing rules and regulations to enable the private sector to be involved in port operations • Commercialization—giving the port authority the flexibility to act as a private firm to become customer oriented, develop efficiency, and become profitable P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 2 • Corporatization—giving the port authority the legal status of a private corporation while the government retains ownership of the corporation, transferring assets to the corporation and port authority retaining ownership of the land • Privatization—the public sector transferring assets to the private sector, which invests capital in facilities, equipment and systems. Few ports are controlled entirely by either the public sector or the private sector. In the most common institutional model, the landlord model, the port authority performs regulatory functions (regulator and management of the public port domain) and entrusts port operations to the private sector. The port authority retains ownership of the land and sometimes facilities and equipment, and the private sector provides services and operations such as pilotage, towage, and stevedoring. This is the model recommended for Haiti and CHP. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Environmental awareness and protection—conserving natural resources and minimizing impact—has also grown in relevance at all levels and in all industries in the past 30 years. Environmental challenges in port operations include air quality, noise, impact of truck traffic, green and brownfields, soil contamination, ocean pollution, waste disposal, and discharges from cargo handling. International conventions and instruments, as well as national and local legislation protecting the marine and landside environments must be followed in port management and operations. The World Bank has developed environmental and social safeguard policies. Many private port operators also follow ISO environmental standards and receive ISO certification. HEALTH AND SAFETY Health and safety in port management and operations have also grown in importance in the last 30 years. The International Labor Organization (ILO), through the Occupational Safety and Health (Dock Work) convention of 1979 (still applicable today), provides safe operating procedures for cargo handling and storage and the International Dockworker’s Council (IDC), International Transport Workers Federation (ITWF) promotes safe working conditions for dockworkers. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has defined safety standards for every industry and ISO occupational safe and healthy standards are used in many ports around the globe. SECURITY Another field that has changed in port operations is security due to the threat of terrorism in recent years. About 90 percent of all trade is maritime trade, making it important target for illicit trade, counterfeit and terrorist activities. The Business Alliance to Stop Counterfeit and Piracy estimated, in 2011, that the counterfeit market grows 22 percent annually. Several global, regional and national initiatives aim to prevent illicit activities in maritime transportation, including those of the World Customs Organization (WCO), the International Maritime P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 3 Organization (IMO) through the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Container Security Initiative (CSI), and the US Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT). Additionally, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) ensures the safety of human lives, working conditions of crew, and maritime safety and safeguards the environment. The above set of norms form the basis for standard operating procedures for many ports. TECHNOLOGY Information and communications technology has also transformed port operations. Port users can find up-to-date rules, procedures, tariffs, and other information on a port’s website, a great improvement over printed handbooks that quickly become outdated. 1. INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES The Government of Haiti port sector regulator is responsible for establishing operating rules for port operations and harbor areas in its jurisdiction. This report focuses on Cap Haitien port (CHP). To provide guidance to CHP in establishing operating regulations, this chapter examines common and best practices in port operating rules and regulations, as well as international conventions and IMO instruments. It also describes legal powers and duties typically included in port operating rules. 1 This chapter will serve as the basis for the Counterpart Working Group and the Haitian authorities to develop their own port rules and regulations. These rules and regulations may be prepared or reviewed by different government bodies related to port activities, comprising statutory duties, general common-law, and fiduciary duties. Seaport operations include marine areas for anchorage, berthing, and navigation as well as landside areas for goods transfer from shore to ship (and vice versa) and storage. These operations require administrative formalities including police, immigration, customs, health, waste disposal, harbor patrol services, and port state control. Ports are nodes in transport infrastructure and operate in sequence like any industrial activity. The weakest link in the port operating chain determines its capacity and productivity. Because of the international nature of foreign trade and maritime activity, ports must be compliant with international maritime rules and standards, environmental, customs and trade conventions and instruments. PORT OPERATING RULES AND REGULATIONS Port authorities around the world, in their landlord role, developed guidelines and information for all port users, including terminal operators, on port operations, standards, procedures and conduct. Rules and regulations are made available to port employees and port users on port 1 At least 12 operational rules and regulations from ports around the world were used as benchmarks, as well as other documents on environmental, concession agreements, port governance, KPIs, port state control, tariffs, safety and health, international conventions and instruments, and best practices. P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 5 websites. The rules and regulations are updated to include changes in conventions, instruments, laws, operating procedures, and industry standards. Exhibit 1 lists the main port functions and features that are regulated. These functions vary from port to port depending on national and local legislation, international conventions 2 , contractual agreements with the private sector, and each port’s specificities and institutional setting. Exhibit 1. Main functions and features of a port • Sea and land access • Infrastructure for ship berthing • Road and rail network • Industrial area management • Control of vehicles entering and leaving the port • Environmental control • Control of dangerous cargo • Safety and security • Immigration, health, customs and commercial document control • Pilotage, tugging and mooring activities • Use of berths and sheds • Loading, discharging, storage and distribution of cargo Source: Port Management and Operations by Patrick Alderton, Second Edition Some ports regulate only certain aspects, while others fully address all aspects of port operations. We recommend that CHP develop and implement comprehensive operating rules and regulations. The following chapters recommend the aspects that CHP operating rules and regulations should address. Port operations rules and regulations address issues relevant to port operations, standards, procedures, conduct on port premises (water and land side areas), and rules for the use of the port, in general. Port authorities, harbor masters, other governing bodies, operators, pilots, tugs, vessels, stevedores, contractors, and every person working at the port must follow them. Rules and regulations are documents that are made available to all port employees and users in electronic format on the port website, for those entering, traveling or working at port facilities. Some ports require that port users and visitors read and sign the operating rules and regulations before entering the facilities. Each port establishes and sets its own operational rules depending on its circumstances and needs. Most of them use local regulations and international standards from the IMO, ILO, World Bank, and ISO and as a reference. Exhibit 2, although not exhaustive, lists international standards, conventions, protocols, rules, and practices commonly used by seaports around the world as the basis for port operating rules and regulations. 2 This refers to international conventions ratified by the nation in which the port is located. P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 6 Exhibit 2. International conventions, rules, standards, protocols and practices commonly used in ports Maritime • SOLAS 1974* • Load lines convention 1966* • Tonnage convention 1969* • COLREG convention 1972 • CSC convention 1972 • SFV protocol 1993 • STCW convention 1978 • STCW-F convention 1995 • SAR convention 1979 • STP Agreement 1971 • INMARSAT OA1976 • Facilitation convention 1965 • MARPOL 1973/78 • London convention 1972* • Salvage convention 1989 • Bunkers convention 2001 • Antifouling 2001 • Ballast water 2004 • ISPS Code, SOLAS chapter XI-2 • Resolution A 857 (20) Guidelines for vessel traffic service (VTS) Health and safety • ILO, International Labor Standards on Dock Workers • ILO Code of practice Safety and Health in ports • ISO 45001 Occupational health and safety • OHSA 1800 Occupational Health and safety Environmental • World Bank environmental and social framework • ISO 14001 environmental management systems • ESPO green guide Operational • ISO/PAS 20858:2004 ships and marine technology– maritime port facility security assessments and security plan development • WCO Kyoto convention on simplification and harmonization of customs process • Container Security Initiative (CSI) • U.S. Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism (C-TPAT) • Business Alliance for Secure Commerce • International Association of Classification Societies Ltd. requirements concerning strength of ships • World Vessel Traffic Service Guide of the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH) and International Marine Pilots’ Association Note: * indicates ratified by Haiti The IMO, responsible for prevention of marine pollution by ships, as well as other maritime and ship-related management, administers over 20 environmental instruments for seaport operations. The following inter-jurisdictional bodies also provide guidance on port environmental management: Centre for Environmental Analysis (CEDA), IAPH, and World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure (PIANC). LESSONS LEARNED Current best practices emphasize safety of operations, the environmental impact of port operations, and scrutiny from environmental organizations, society, local governments, customers, media and industry organizations. Common issues regarding modern port operating and rules and regulations include: P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 7 • the increasing importance of environment, safety, and security; • the new role of port authorities to incorporate the private sector in port operations; • the use of technology in port operations as a tool to communicate efficiently with different port actors; • the necessity to review, update, and change the current rules on a periodic basis thus treating rules and standards as a living document to recognize the evolutionary essence of the transportation industry. The present document consolidates codes, legislation, standards and best practices to procure safe and efficient port activities. Several port operating rules incorporate national and international standards and legislations for every aspect of port operations in order to improve efficiency, environmental protection, and safety for port users, workers, ships, passengers, and cargo. Port operating rules and regulations serve as a communication medium for port authorities to set out their powers and duties, adopting best practices. Port operational rules and regulations should recognize the diverse range of activities in port operations including the following general topics and content which are typically covered: • General : introduction or general information on the port rules including its purpose, definitions, operating rules, the scope, the parties’ subjects to the rules, applicable legislation, governing bodies, security, hours of operations, areas and facilities of the port, among others. • Reporting and information requirements : vessel communication protocols, reporting of dangerous goods, vessel waste, general information requirements, damages, deficiencies, notifications. • Traffic and port stay : marine and port pilotage services, tugboat services, operating rules, entry authorization, vessel entering and leaving the port, vessel traffic in port basin, assignment of berthing positions, berthing and anchoring, mooring, equipment and conditions, special instructions for inclement weather, land links to vessels, manning and surveillance of vessels, navigational rules, communications, coordination of marine services. • Security and conduct in the port : smoking, handling fire and open flames, hot works, safe distances when parking road vehicles or depositing goods, bunkering, active cathodic corrosion protection, prohibited activities, hazard statement, port access control, emergency response, surveillance and security, protection of ships and port facilities, port restrictions. • Loading, discharging and storage of cargo : cargo declaration, production of documents, storage and services to the cargo, • Environmental : conservancy, waste and cargo residues, environmental control and pollution prevention • Health and safety : occupational standards, first safety requirements in port and management of rescue operations, health, safety and working environment P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 8 PORT STATE CONTROL Principles As part of security, Port State Control (PSC) has to be considered in port operations. The 1978 SOLAS 3 Protocol extends the responsibility of Port States and Flag States to address safety of ships to also include ensuring that a ship calling to port complies with IMO requirements. Port States can inspect foreign ships navigating in national waters and can have a set of harmonized inspection procedures to target sub-standard ships threatening marine environment and human lives on board them. There are nine MOUs worldwide implementing PSC as follows: (i) Caribbean MOU (Caribbean region); (ii) Viña del Mar (Latin America region); (iii) Paris MOU (Europe and North Atlantic region); (iv) Tokyo MOU (Asia – Pacific region); (v)Mediterranean MOU (Mediterranean region); (vi) Indian Ocean MOU (Indian Ocean region) (vii) Black Sea MOU (Black Sea region) (viii) Abuja MOU (West and Central Africa region); and (ix) Riyadh MOU (Arab States of the Golf). The main responsibility of a PSC is to ensure the compliance of the international maritime conventions under the Flag State Control responsibility. This may be considered as a second front assuring international standards and regulations. The member States shall agree the inspection of a percentage of foreign merchant vessels calling at their ports. Inspections are usually carried out unannounced, but all efforts to avoid detention or delays are made. Vessels won’t be inspected during a six month period after the last inspections unless there are “clear grounds” for inspections. These inspections are based on the following international maritime conventions: • International Convention on Load Lines 1996, as amended, its 1998 protocol (Load lines 66/88) • International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974, its protocol of 1978, as amended, and the protocol of 1998 (SOLAS 74/78/88) • International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978, as amended (MARPOL 73/78) • International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers 1978, as amended (STCW 78) • Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea 1972, as amended (COLREG 72) • International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships 1969 (ICT 69) • Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (ILO Convention No. 147) 3 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 9 Functions The PSC function is to ensure that the shipping industry complies and conforms to the regulatory requirements provided by international conventions, memoranda and other legal instruments to ensure the safety of human lives, good working conditions for the crew, maritime safety, and environmental safeguard. Regions set homogenous systems for PSC inspections to eliminate the operation of sub-standards vessels. Vessels inspections are regularly conducted on risk factors related to owners, vessel type, flag, age, classification society, among others; and covers hardware, documents, requirements of conventions and ISM Code 4 shipboard maintenance. PSC involves the following tasks as well: • Developing and setting safety navigation standards and rules; • Establishing examination and seafarers’ certification systems; • Detaining sub-standard ships when warranted; • Conducting search and rescue in accordance to SAR Convention 79 (2); • Preventing pollution from ships by making regular checks; • Monitoring ballasting, bunkering and waste disposal; • Investigating pollution incidents from ships; • Recommending the adoption of conventions, amendments, regulations and instruments of interest of the country; • Procuring the country compliance of international convention obligations; • Carrying out inspections in accordance with guidelines for ship structures and equipment; • Establishing intelligence and risk assessment procedures to identify potentially risky/sub- standards/unseaworthy vessels and maintain updated records of actions and statistical information; • Providing technical assistance and training; • Procuring information system to exchange port state inspections with others PSC in the region. PORT AUTHORITY TARIFFS Port operational regulations often set out the list of tariffs charges for port services and are published and made available to port users. For the purpose of ensuring transparency and 4 International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 10 clarity, the ports that exemplify best practices tend to provide clear and comprehensive lists of tariffs along with explanation of the associated rules and regulations. 2. CURRENT SITUATION PSC FUNCTIONS IN HAITI AND AT CAP HAITIEN PORT Caribbean MOU Main PSC functions include auditing labor conditions of crew on board vessels and enforcing compliance with labor rules, international conventions, and local legislation on safety and pollution. In particular, the Caribbean MOU recognizes “the importance of the safety of life at sea and in ports, and the growing urgency protecting the marine environment and its resources” 5 . The memorandum, like the other regional MOU, are convinced of the necessity of a harmonized system for auditing PSC and the cooperation among the member States in the exchange of information between them. The responsibilities of each member State include an annual inspection of 15% of the estimated number of individual foreign merchant ships anticipated to enter the ports of the member State. There are a total of 14 relevant instruments, protocols, and amendments to comply with in PSC inspections of which Port Authorities are responsible for enforcing the international conventions and protocols ratified by the State. Those instruments are: • International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 (LOAD LINES 66) • The Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 (LL PROT 88) • International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 74) • Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS PROT 78) • Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS PROT 88) • International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 (STCW 78) • Convention on the International regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREG72) • International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 (TONNAGE 69) 5 Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Caribbean Region P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 12 • Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (ILO Convention No. 147) (ILO 147) • Protocol of 1996 to the Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (ILO Convention No. 147) (ILO 147 PROT 96) • International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, 2001 (AFS 2001) • Caribbean Cargo Ship Safety Code (CCSS Code) • Small Commercial Vessel Code (SCV Code) Each PSC will carry out inspections through visits on board ships to check certificates and documents related to the above mention list of instruments. The inspection also includes reviewing the crew and ship conditions, including the engine, accommodations, and hygienic conditions in accordance with applicable international rules and standards. In case it is established that there are clear grounds to believe that a ship does not meet standards, a more detailed inspection shall be carried out. All inspections must be performed by qualified personnel duly authorized by the Authority. In case the inspection cannot be performed by the Authority, it may be assisted by someone with the required expertise. The Authority shall ensure the correction of deficiencies detected during inspections. In case of hazard to safety, health or environment, the Authority ensures that the hazard is removed before the vessel is allowed to proceed to sea. The Caribbean MOU guidelines include: • Guidelines for surveyors to be observed in the inspection of international shipping • Guidelines for surveyors to be observed in the inspection of Caribbean cargo ships less than 500 gross tonnage and ships of traditional build • Exchange of messages by region states • Report of deficiencies not fully rectified or only provisionally repaired • Report of inspection in accordance with IMO Port State Control Procedures and amended and the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Caribbean Region PSC IN HAITI AND CAP HAITIEN Haiti is not a member State of the Caribbean MOU but participates as observer. It has ratified only the following IMO instruments: SOLAS 74, Load Lines Convention 66, Tonnage Convention 69, STCW Convention 78, and London Convention 72. The Service Maritime et de Navigation d’Haiti (SEMANAH) was created in 1982. Today SEMANAH has a presence in all 24 ports in Haiti, including Cap-Haitien. It has four departments: maritime security, protection and marine environment, cooperation and maritime affairs, and marine observation and operations center (see Figure 2 ). P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 13 Figure 2. SEMANAH Organizational Structure Source: SEMANAH The main functions of SEMANAH are: • Legislation, standardization, cooperation, promotion, modernization  Prepare draft laws governing merchant shipping and strengthen related regulations  Draft the Maritime Code  Enforce adherence to international conventions: − International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS) − International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 (ICLL 66) − International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 (Tonnage 69) − International Convention for Seafarers, Training, Certification and Watchkeeping, 1978 (STCW 1978) − International Convention on Collision Regulation, 1972 (COLREG 72) − United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, 1982 (UNCLOS Convention, 1982) • Security/safety, control, surveillance, search, rescue, coordination and information  Organize security and take other measures concerning: − Periodic inspection and issuance of certificates to ships − Shipbuilding and repair − Operations of ships in Haitian waters − Ensuring ships’ crews are qualified and granting of licenses to qualified personnel − Overseeing security of ships and ports  Control − Planning and organizing government assistance in the maritime transport sector − Ensure the control of vessels construction − Inspect and certify the good condition of the ships − Ensure the installation and maintenance of navigation accessories  Surveillance − Coordinate national tsunami contact point − Monitoring hurricane season  Search and rescue − Coordinate search and rescue at sea and maintain relations with different entities Director General Maritime Security Department Marine Protection and Environment Department Cooperation and Maritime Affairs Department Marine Observation and Operations Center Technical committee P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 14 − Implement radio and telephone communications network for the Haitian coast − Ensure the identification and counting of passenger before vessel arrival  Coordination with the Coast Guard − Inspection and enforcement − Measures related to navigational aids, cabotage vessels, and international trade vessels  Information − Collect data on meteorological and maritime conditions and forecasts − Publish the daily Marine Meteorological Bulletin − Manage maritime safety information − Survey the operation of shipyards in Haiti − Manage a website providing useful information (www.semanahaiti.gouv.ht) − Provide a maritime emergency number: 8722 • Preservation, prevention, training, planning, pricing, penalties  Fight against pollution affecting Haitian waters and implement a strategy for the protection of marine (animal and plant) species by: − Pooling of human and material resources − Signing a Memorandum of Understanding with the National Association of Fishermen − Implementing an awareness campaign through the media − Strengthening the response capacity of the Directorate of Marine Environment Protection  Pricing − Fix and update tariffs • Rates and tariffs of the cabotage trade • Publish useful information for those involved in maritime transport − Collect fees and expenses related to: • Registration of ships and seafarers • Control of the movement of vessels in cabotage (departure rights) In addition, SEMANAH is engaged in the promotion and modernization of the Haitian merchant marine fleet development by participating in international conference on maritime transportation, disseminating technical and operational information, provision of port security services, and through the creation of training and staff development. SEMANAH is responsible for Port State Control and compliance with international conventions, especially IMO instruments. It is the designated authority for ship compliance with international conventions, laws and other legal documents. It also monitors marine areas under national jurisdiction to prevent pollution, marine accidents and illicit activities related to maritime transportation. P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 15 CHARGES, RULES AND REGULATIONS APPLICABLE IN PORT - AU-PRINCE Existing Operational Regulations Current charges, rates, rules and regulations applicable at the foreign trade facilities in Port-au- Prince, Haiti, by the Autorite Portuaire Nationale (APN) have been in effect since October 1, 1978. This tariff book has never been officially updated 6 and is not available on the APN website. Cap Haitien They include nine sections: 1. Alphabetical index 2. Definitions 3. Rules and regulations for jurisdiction, tariff application and interpretation, port user obligations, pilotage, anchorage and vessel movement, loading and unloading, conditions and port working hours, payment for port services and facilities, security measures, responsibility for loss or damage, freight or cargo liable to damage other freight or cargo, cleaning facilities, maximum loads 4. Charges applicable to vessels 5. Charges applicable to cargo 6. Free time and storage 7. Miscellaneous services 8. Rental of equipment 9. Useful information Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 address port dues, pilotage and tugboat charges, anchorage charges, dockage charges, line handling, container charges, free time and storage charges for containers and truck trailers, container crane charges, overtime, other services, wharfage charges, private pier franchise, cargo handling charges, free time and storage charges general, breakbulk, and palletized cargo, free time and storage charges for vehicles, cargo handling equipment rental, transportation equipment rental, general, responsibility for rented equipment, description of port facilities, port location, climate, anchorage area, notice of arrival, pilotage service, radiotelephone service, stevedoring, and other private quays in the bay. In the port operating regulations document, APN is defined as the government entity responsible for operations at Port-au-Prince port. A consistent published set of port operational regulations does not exist. There is also a lack of coherent legal framework, and the country has 6 A draft update of the tariff book, dated 2008, has never been approved. P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 16 not ratified some major international conventions and instruments. In the case of Cap Haitien, there are no operating rules and regulations specifically for the port. APN and SEMANAH currently implement some operational regulations. The following documents are in use by local authorities: • Draft Code Maritime (not an official document) • Formulaire d’accueil des navires dans les ports (in place and in use) • Formulaire d’approbation du plan de sureté de l’installation portuaire (in place and in use) • ISPS procedures (in place and in use) • Manuel règlementation portuaire – équipe de quarantaine (in place and in use) • Projet de règlement d’exploitation du port (not an official document) In addition to the above-mentioned documents, APN and SEMANAH apply and refer to IMO conventions, resolutions, and instruments, even though they have not been ratified by the Haitian government. Most of them are brief procedures manuals of only few pages long. In the specific case of CHP, the harbor master, pilots and radio control officers are not always available which presents an issue. Tugboat services has just recently been awarded to a private operator. ISPS enforcement Port Security Officers (PFSO) and Recognized Security Organizations (RSO) are appointed by the port. In Haiti, an officer candidate must meet 17 criteria. There are also established procedures for a port to obtain ISPS certification that includes the presence of a PFSO and an evaluation of the installation security plan (PFSP). APN has designed a temporary form consisting of a nine-page procedure document for the implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) for the reception of vessels in Haiti ports facilities. Certain standards of this document or handbook are already inserted in APN “Tarifs Généraux”, in order to get information from vessel movement in Haitian territorial waters. The document includes the following forms: • Notice of arrival • International Ship Security Certificate (ISSC) • Non-crew and passenger list • Dangerous cargo list • Vessel arrival / departure update • Crew list • Berth request Port Facility Security Plan Approval Form Port Facility Security Plan Approval Form is also in place and utilized by PFSO. In additional to the general information, the plan follows 15 sections for approval as listed in Exhibit 3. P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 17 Exhibit 3. Port Facility Security Plan Approval Form Sections 1. Organizational structure of the port facility 2. Safety and communication equipment 3. Training and drills 4. Records and documents 5. Communications 6. Safety procedures during ship / port interface 7. Security declaration 8. Measures in the event of a change in the level of security 9. Safety procedures for access areas 10. Safety procedures for restricted areas 11. Safety procedures for cargo handling 12. Safety procedures concerning the supply of ships' stores and bunker fuels 13. Safety procedures for the supervision of the installation 14. Management of threats, security breaches and security incidents 15. Audit and changes Source: Port Facility Security Plan Approval Form SEMANAH Draft Maritime Code and reception team SEMANAH has drafted a Maritime Code to be submitted to Parliament for approval. In the meantime, SEMANAH is using IMO instruments as guidance 7 , even though those instruments have not been ratified by Haiti, as well as International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (ILA), IMO PSC check list as reference, Port Facility Security Plan Approval Form, Ports Maritimes d’Haiti General Tariffs, Montego Bay Convention (1982), Haiti Customs Code, and Haiti Immigration Law. Exhibit 4 shows the table of contents of the draft Maritime Code. Exhibit 4. SEMANAH Draft Maritime Code Table of Content TITLE I GENERAL DISPOSITIONS TITLE II STATUS OF MARITIME AREA UNDER NATIONAL JURISDICTION Chap 1 Maritime public domain Chap 2 Territorial see and other areas under national jurisdiction TITLE III PUBLIC AGENCIES DIRECTLY CONCERNED WITH THE PUBLIC DOMAIN Chap 1 SEMANAH Chap 2 Other public agencies concerned with the maritime sector TITLE IV VESSELS Chap 1 Rules applicable to all vessels in the water under national jurisdiction Chap 2 Haitian vessels Section 1 Haitian flag Section 2 Tonnage and naming Section 3 Registration of vessel and identity marks Section 4 Deregistration, name change, certificate of registration Chap 3 safety of vessels Chap 4 Ship classification Chap 5 Control of foreign vessels in Haitian ports Chap 6 Transfer of property 7 PSC ship control procedures under IMO resolution A.787(19) and 1995, resolution A.822(21), ISPS Code, P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 18 Chap 7 Maritime lien Chap 8 Maritime mortgage Chap 9 Seize of vessel Chap 10 Insurance of vessels Chap 11 Liability of vessels’ owners Chap 12 Wreckages TITLE V MARITIME NAVIGATION Chap 1 Definitions, areas and types of navigation Chap 2 Rules to prevent collisions Chap 3 Rules applicable for collisions and other maritime accidents Chap 4 Assistance and sea rescue Chap 5 Damages, jettison and contribution Chap 6 Signals and maritime radiocommunication Chap 7 Nautical information and requested information for vessels Chap 8 Pleasure boats TITLE VI SEAFARERS Chap 1 Special status of captain Chap 2 Conditions of access for seafarers Chap 3 On board functions Chap 4 Training and contracts Chap 5 End of term for contracts and dispute related to seafarers’ contracts Chap 6 Training and professional qualification for seafarers TITLE VII MARITIME TRANSPORT Chap 1 Organization of maritime transports Chap 2 Economic system of maritime transports Chap 3 Chartering Chap 4 Maritime transport of cargo Chap 5 Maritime transport of passengers Chap 6 Subsidiary agents of maritime transport Section 1 Pilotage Section 2 Tug Section 3 Shipping agents Section 4 Cargo handling TITLE VIII FISHING Chap 1 Fishing vessels Chap 2 Professional organization of fishing TITLE IX PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT Chap 1 Prevention of pollution from land based and general measures to protect marine environment Chap 2 Prevention of pollution from vessels Section 1 General dispositions Section 2 Prevention of pollution from hydrocarbon Section 3 Prevention of pollution from noxious liquid substances transported in bulk Section 4 Prevention of pollution from noxious substances transported in containers or tanks Section 5 Prevention of pollution from vessels’ waste water Section 6 Prevention of pollution from vessels’ garbage Section 7 Prevention of pollution from dumping of waste from vessels Section 8 Prevention of pollution from rigs P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 19 Section 9 Prevention of pollution inside ports Chap 3 Fights against accidental marine pollution Chap 4 Civil liability for the pollution damages from hydrocarbon TITLE X PROMOTING OF MARITIME ACTIVITIES Chap 1 Haitian maritime conference Chap 2 Contribution of nonpublic sector for the development of the maritime sector TITLE XI FEES COLLECTED BY MARITIME ADMINISTRATION TITLE XII POLICE AND PENAL DISPOSITIONS Chap 1 Police competencies on sea and coast Chap 2 Detection and prosecution of offenses TITLE XIII FINAL DISPOSITIONS Source: SEMANAH In addition, SEMANAH is one of the members of the “reception team” or “quarantine team,” which is an intergovernmental team of inspectors that boards ships before arrival in port. The reception team is composed of an immigration officer, a customs inspector, the harbormaster, police, doctor, inspector from SEMANAH, and the Port Security Officer (PFSO). Each team member has a mission and specific work to perform on board vessels. The draft operating regulations for the reception team include a code of ethics on board and liabilities of APN. Figure 3 illustrates the vessel reception process, by the reception or quarantine team. Figure 3. Vessel reception process by the reception team Source: SEMANAH Draft port operating regulations APN drafted a document containing regulations for private and public ports. The draft, dated October 2008 but never approved, describes the installations of Port au Prince and specifies operational planning meetings. Exhibit 5 lists the document’s table of content. Notice of arrival Radio communication Pilotage Inspection Safety of the vessel P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 20 Exhibit 5. APN Draft Port Operating Regulations 1. Scope of port operating regulations 2. Description of the public facilities in PAP 3. Operational planning meetings 4. Priority rules 5. Terms and conditions for equipment operations 6. Insurance 7. Employees to drive the handling equipment 8. General rules of safety for the handling 9. Special measures for mobile equipment and other heavy machines 10. Special measures for warehouses and lands in the port 11. Productivity of handling operations at public quays 12. Definitions HAITI PORT ACTORS There are several players in the Haitian government related to port and maritime activities. The APN is to be restructured and its functions distributed to two new entities. Port operating rules, port state control and port authority tariffs will have to take this restructuring into consideration. APN is an independent government corporation under the Ministry of Economy and Finance that manages and administers all ports in the country, providing services to ships, ships agents, and other port users. APN will be replaced by two new bodies, the regulatory body ANAREP and the port operations supervisor SONAGEP. CHP Directorate operates as an extension of the Directorate General of APN headquarters in Port-au-Prince. The director of CHP is in charge of the International Port of Cap-Haitien and oversees the daily management of public facilities according to the standards and procedures established by the Directorate General of the APN. He is appointed by the Director General of APN and reports to him or her on all strategic issues, including the development of the budget, appointment of staff, and legal issues. Figure 4 shows the CHP organizational chart. P R I N C I P L E S O F P O R T O P E R A T I O N S R E G U L A T I O N | 21 Figure 4. CHP Organization Source: APN The CHP Directorate provides maritime services, ship and passenger reception, and oversees handling and storage operations and security for cargo, facilities and equipment and guidance services to ships as well as security. It provides harbormaster services (moorage, pilotage, tugboat, public infrastructure management), auto storage and parking, cabotage, and registration. Technical services refer to spatial arrangement and maintenance of port land and facilities. SEMANAH is the specialized agency (under the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications) responsible for the regulation and control of Haiti´s maritime waters including security, safety of shipping and protection