Report of the Secretary-General

United Nations S/2026/31 Security Council Distr.: General 15 January 2026 Original: English United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2785 (2025), by which the Council extended to 31 January 2026 the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH), in accordance with resolution 2476 (2019) establishing BINUH. It covers major developments since the last report, dated 14 October 2025. II. Political issues and good governance Political developments 2. National authorities took steps to advance the political transition with the adoption of an electoral decree on 1 December, followed by the publication of the electoral calendar on 23 December. This calendar foresees the installation of an elected President and legislature early in 2027, one year later than the deadline established in the March 2024 governance arrangements. National stakeholders remain divided over the transitional governance architecture that is to lead the country to elections. 3. Amid the continued erosion of State authority resulting from gang violence, national stakeholders expressed concern over the feasibility of elections under the current security conditions, casting doubt on the process. Under the leadership of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Haiti, BINUH conducted outreach to political and civil society stakeholders to promote inter-Haitian consultation, reduce political tensions and maintain a focus on security and electoral preparations. 4. As the 7 February 2026 deadline for the scheduled end of the Transitional Presidential Council’s mandate approaches, national stakeholders advanced various proposals for new transitional governance arrangements to ensure institutional continuity until an elected Government is installed. On 4 November, several groups originally represented in the Council, including Fanmi Lavalas, Organisation du peuple en lutte and Rassemblement pour une entente nationale, condemned the lack of progress on transitional priorities – security, constitutional reforms and elections – and called for new governance arrangements beyond the agreed deadline. On 12 November, a coalition of more than 200 political parties, including Les engagés 25-21261 (E) 190126 *2521261* S/2026/31 pour le développement, Pitit Dessalines, Ansanm Nou Fò, Konvansyon Inite Demokratik, Plateforme Haïtien pour Haïti and Palmis Platform, released a plan calling for a two-person executive composed of a transitional President and a Prime Minister, elections by late 2026 and the restoration of democratic institutions by 7 February 2027. On 13 November, another group of political organizations, including Lajenès Kisa w Vle, proposed replacing the Council with a single transitional President leading a technocratic Cabinet to steer the country to elections by May 2026. 5. The Transitional Presidential Council held discussions with political parties and civil society to define conditions for elections and address governance arrangements beyond 7 February 2026. On 18 November, during the commemoration of the 222nd anniversary of the Battle of Vertières – the decisive battle of the Haitian Revolution – the coordinator of the Council, Laurent Saint-Cyr, called for a collective effort to overcome the crisis, cautioning that continued divisions would prolong instability and emphasizing the need to prioritize security, political dialogue, elections and stability. 6. Amid continued calls for a consensus-based governance arrangement beyond 7 February 2026, on 19 November the Congrès patriotique pour le sauvetage national recommended launching inter-Haitian consultations under national facilitation, with international support, to forge a new consensus on security and governance conditions for elections. Similarly, on 23 November several political parties, including Secteur démocratique et populaire, Inite and Fusion des sociaux-démocrates Haïtiens, called for an inter-Haitian dialogue facilitated by Haitian religious, academic and civil society figures, with support from regional and international partners. On 25 November, the Bureau de suivi de l’accord de Montana urged stakeholders to reject what it described as foreign interference and agree on a new transitional path towards security and social justice. 7. On 26 November, amid reported internal divergences over the perceived inability of the ministerial Cabinet to address the country’s security and socioeconomic challenges, the coordinator of the Transitional Presidential Council sent a letter to Council members urging them to maintain cohesion, foster dialogue, promote national unity and uphold their collective responsibility to expedite electoral preparations. 8. National authorities remained engaged regionally and internationally to advance the transition and mobilize international security support. From 8 to 12 October, Mr. Saint-Cyr travelled to Japan to discuss the transition and the restoration of democratic governance. On 4 November in Doha, he explored with the Government of Qatar enhanced cooperation, including support for the deployment of the Gang Suppression Force. Haitian officials also participated in a high-level meeting on Haiti convened by the Organization of American States on 12 November in Washington, D.C. On 2 December, during an official visit to Haiti, the Secretary-General of the Organization of American States, Albert R. Ramdin, met national authorities to review political and security challenges and stressed the need for inclusive and effective governance arrangements to conclude the transition. 9. BINUH continued its good offices and facilitation efforts in support of Haitian - led initiatives to advance and conclude the transition. During the reporting period, the mission broadened its outreach through engagements with more than 60 political parties, civil society organizations, women’s and youth groups, faith-based organizations and diaspora associations, providing a platform for stakeholders to discuss security, governance and electoral challenges. In meetings with the Prime Minister, Alix Didier Fils-Aimé, and Mr. Saint-Cyr, including consultations on 30 October and 25 November, the Special Representative underscored the need to strengthen national security institutions, with the support of the Gang Suppression 2/27 25-21261 S/2026/31 Force, promote interinstitutional cooperation and reinforce national consensus on the way forward. Electoral developments 10. On 9 October, the Transitional Presidential Council suspended the constitutional review process, citing the absence of political and security conditions to complete the exercise without affecting the electoral calendar. It also requested the Provisional Electoral Council to organize elections under the 1987 Constitution. Following the installation of a new president of the Provisional Electoral Council on 13 October, the Council was tasked through an executive order with drafting a new electoral decree. On 1 December, after consultations with political parties and civil society, the Council of Ministers adopted the decree, which introduces changes in mandatory voter registration, diaspora voting and the electronic transmission of results, on which the Electoral Council has been working since 2021 to reduce voter tabulation processing times. The eligibility criteria for voters and candidates includes a ban on individuals under Security Council sanctions and requires party lists to include at least 30 per cent female candidates, with financial incentives from the Government for lists reaching 50 per cent or more women. 11. The electoral calendar published on 23 December by the Provisional Electoral Council sets the first round of presidential and legislative elections for 30 August 2026, with a second round and local elections scheduled for 6 December 2026. A 90-day voter registration exercise is planned between April and June 2026, subject to improvements in security. While the Government has announced a contribution of an additional $29.9 million to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)- managed basket fund, additional funds will need to be secured to cover the entire cycle. The electoral budget was reviewed to reflect amendments introduced by the electoral decree, notably the establishment of departmental vote tabulation offices. In parallel, on 1 November the Government launched a $20 million programme to strengthen political parties, which includes campaign funding and training for more than 1,000 representatives. 12. Preparations are under way for pre-electoral activities and campaigning, including the finalization of the voter registry, with United Nations technical and logistical assistance. BINUH is facilitating coordination among United Nations agencies (UNDP, United Nations Office for Project Services and United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women)) to ensure the streamlining of United Nations technical electoral support, while providing technical assistance and advice to the national authorities. Throughout 2025, the United Nations “Support to Haiti’s Electoral Process” project aided the Provisional Electoral Council in logistics, operations, voter and civic education, women’s participation and communication. The project also procured the software used by the Council for voter registration and updating the voters’ list, and provided significant logistical and operational support, including the procurement of air assets and armoured vehicles, to enable nationwide assessments of voting centres and enhance the Council’s mobility in high-risk areas. III. Security, rule of law and human rights Armed violence 13. In 2025, gang expansion beyond metropolitan Port-au-Prince (West Department) continued to undermine State authority and disrupted humanitarian and commercial routes. Gangs attacked communities in Arcahaie in West Department, as well as Mirebalais and Lascahobas in Centre Department and several localities in 25-21261 3/27 S/2026/31 Artibonite, destroying agricultural assets and further damaging local economies. In response, the Haitian National Police, supported by the Armed Forces of Haiti and, in some instances, the Gang Suppression Force, intensified anti-gang operations in metropolitan Port-au-Prince and parts of Artibonite, resulting in the reopening of several key roads. 14. Armed violence intensified in both urban and peri-urban areas, with gangs deploying heavy-calibre weapons and conducting coordinated multi-route assaults. Between 1 September and 30 November, BINUH recorded 1,991 victims of intentional homicide, including 142 women, 12 girls and 44 boys, representing a 6.2 per cent decrease compared with the previous three-month period. However, intentional homicides increased sharply outside the capital, in particular in Artibonite and Centre Departments, where 1,916 homicides were recorded between January and November 2025, compared with 1,050 during the same period in 2024. Overall, more than 8,100 killings were documented nationwide between January and November 2025, with figures likely underreported owing to limited access to gang-controlled areas. 15. Gang violence remained widespread. Intentional homicides targeted individuals suspected of cooperating with the police or resisting gang control, while sexual violence, predominantly against women and girls was used as a punitive tactic, with reported cases increasing following police operations in November. Gangs continued to engage in kidnapping for ransom, extortion and the destruction of property, obstructing access to essential services, including healthcare and education, exacerbating food insecurity and economic hardship. Reports also indicated an increase in the trafficking in children, with children continuing to be used by gangs in multiple roles, including in violent attacks. 16. Notwithstanding robust police operations, violence surged in several communes. In Artibonite, gangs targeted Verrettes, Liancourt and L’Estère between 16 and 24 October, burning homes and fields, followed by further attacks in Marchand-Dessalines and Liancourt throughout November. On 28 and 29 November, gangs killed at least 12 residents in Pont-Sondé and destroyed dozens of properties. In Centre Department, gangs targeted strategic corridors, including in Mirebalais and Lascahobas, where a police officer was killed on 14 November. 17. Police operations conducted between October and November in Bel-Air, lower Delmas, Simon Pelé, Croix-des-Bouquets and Mirebalais, involving a private military contractor in some instances, resulted in at least 199 deaths, including gang members and 12 children recruited and used by gangs, as well as the seizure of weapons and equipment. Following some operations, gangs carried out reprisals, including the killing of 22 residents in Croix-des-Bouquets suspected of collaborating with the police, the killing of a cleric in Montrouis and the burning of University Soleil d’Haïti during clashes in Pacot, Turgeau, and Canapé-Vert and of a petrol station in Arcahaie. Vigilante violence also persisted, with at least 100 individuals accused of gang affiliation or petty crimes killed between October and December. According to data gathered by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), drone strikes by a private military contractor from 1 March to 30 December resulted in at least 973 people killed (934 gang members and 39 residents, including 16 children) and 674 injured (633 gang members and 41 residents, including 18 children). Police-related developments 18. By the end of 2025, the Haitian National Police strengthened its institutional capacity through enhanced strategic planning, recruitment, training and the acquisition of mobility assets. As at 30 November, the Haitian National Police 4/27 25-21261 S/2026/31 comprised 13,414 officers, including 1,770 women (13.2 per cent). Between September and November, 14 officers were killed, including 9 while on duty. Recruitment began on 17 November for the thirty-sixth class, expected to include between 900 and 1,200 candidates, while 876 recruits from the thirty-fifth class, including 160 women (18.3 per cent), continued basic training initiated on 7 October. These recruitment exercises are designed to increase police strength by 4,000 officers by the first quarter of 2027. BINUH continued to advocate for candidate background checks, human rights compliance, increased women’s inclusion and measures to address attrition. 19. The Haitian National Police reinforced its operational capacity through additional equipment and infrastructure. The police fleet was strengthened with 10 armoured vehicles acquired by the Government and 5 donated by a bilateral partner. As at 31 December, the fleet comprised 114 operational and 33 non-operational armoured vehicles, while 25 had been destroyed and 2 reportedly seized by gangs. On 8 November, the Government allocated 7 of 17 armoured personnel carriers to the Armed Forces of Haiti to support anti-gang operations. In December, rehabilitation works under the joint programme to support the professionalization of the Haitian National Police were completed at police stations in Jacmel, Les Cayes and Jérémie. 20. BINUH supported the police high command in the drafting of, consultation on and adoption of the Haitian National Police strategic development plan (2026–2030). The process included defining objectives, benchmarks and performance indicators based on an assessment of police capacities and challenges and was supported by three stakeholder forums held in November and December with police personnel, international partners and civil society. The plan is intended to advance sustainable institutional development, while the Gang Suppression Force and the United Nations Support Office in Haiti (UNSOH) provide complementary operational and logistical support. 21. To strengthen border and maritime security, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) delivered capacity-building activities between October and December, including training for border control units, self-defence courses, scanner use training for customs officers, boarding, search and seizure training, and operational exercises for coast guard officers. In parallel, the International Organization for Migration provided border police officers training on managing gender-based violence crime scenes, migrant and child protection, and protection from sexual exploitation and abuse. Additional training covered vehicle and solar infrastructure maintenance, and border police agents were provided information and communications technology equipment and physical training materials. 22. Between October and 31 December, BINUH and OHCHR documented at least 498 killings and 291 injuries during law enforcement anti-gang operations. A total of 81 per cent of casualties were gang members and 19 per cent were members of the population. Children accounted for nearly 3 per cent of casualties during those operations. On 29 December, 48 cases of alleged extrajudicial killings and attempted extrajudicial killings were shared with the General Inspectorate of the Haitian National Police. Of the 53 cases shared in the previous reporting period, all were under investigation by the General Inspectorate as of December. Justice, impunity and corruption 23. On 6 October, the President of the Court of Cassation called for strengthening public trust in judicial institutions and reaffirmed the need for an independent and accessible justice system at an event marking the opening of the 2025–2026 judicial year. The Prime Minister reiterated the Government’s commitment to justice reform as essential to national stability, while representatives from national institutions 25-21261 5/27 S/2026/31 highlighted the creation of two specialized judicial units as a key milestone. In its annual report published on 3 October, the Superior Council of the Judiciary described a deteriorating judicial system marked by disorganization, insecurity and underfunding. The report proposed a road map focusing on infrastructure modernization, integrity and accountability mechanisms, and improved security. On 20 October, the Council released the results of the magistrates’ certification process, certifying 73 of 112 magistrates reviewed, declining 12 on integrity or competence grounds and referring 27 for further review by the Technical Certification Commission. 24. Progress on high-profile cases remained limited. On 13 October, the Port-au Prince Court of Appeal overturned the 25 January 2024 order in former President Jovenel Moïse’s assassination case, in which 51 individuals were indicted, and assigned a new magistrate to resume the investigation. On 22 October, the prosecutor submitted a final indictment in the Monferrier Dorval case. No tangible progress was recorded in cases involving the Grande Ravine (2017), La Saline (2018) and Bel-Air (2019) massacres. In the Pont-Sondé case (2024), no concrete action was taken, notwithstanding arrest warrants, and survivors had not received support. Investigations into the 2024 Wharf Jérémie massacre moved forward, with 70 witnesses heard. While some of the alleged perpetrators have been identified, no arrests have been made because judicial warrants remain pending. 25. With respect to efforts to combat corruption, on 22 October, two former presidents of the Senate appeared before the Port-au-Prince Court of Appeal in connection with alleged cases of embezzlement and conflict of interest during their tenures. 26. On 17 November, the Collectif des magistrats debout d’Haïti launched a strike by public prosecutors from 18 jurisdictions, calling for improved working conditions and salary parity with judges. 27. On 6 November, BINUH supported a meeting of the criminal justice chain monitoring committee, bringing together 30 justice officials, including prosecutors, judges, penitentiary officers and representatives of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security and the Haitian National Police. The meeting attendees recommended holding juvenile hearings and establishing a commission for the reintegration of minors. On 11 December in Port-au-Prince and on 16 and 17 December in Cap-Haïtien, BINUH facilitated public round tables on the role of young people in combating impunity, during which participants advocated for greater youth participation, judicial digitization and stronger support for public oversight bodies. BINUH, OHCHR and UNODC continued to support the operationalization of the two specialized judicial units, created by decree in April 2025 to handle cases involving gross human rights violations, as well as high-profile corruption and financial crimes. By the end of November, 10 public prosecutors had been appointed, while the selection of judges and logistical arrangements, including securing a building for the judicial units, remained pending. Corrections 28. As at 10 December, prisons in Haiti remained severely overcrowded, with 7,447 persons deprived of liberty, including 442 women, 253 boys and 29 girls, across 13 operational facilities. Average occupancy reached 306 per cent, with some facilities operating at up to 800 times their intended capacity and offering as little as 0.34 m2 of living space per inmate. Approximately 6,098 inmates, or 82 per cent of the prison population, were held in prolonged pretrial detention, reflecting persistent judicial delays. Detention conditions remained dire, characterized by inadequate ventilation, sanitation, access to clean water, food and healthcare. Gang influence, past mass 6/27 25-21261 S/2026/31 jailbreaks, chronic underfunding and corruption continued to undermine prison security and management. Since the previous reporting period, 31 persons, including 1 women, have died in detention owing to dire conditions. 29. To address health risks in detention facilities, BINUH facilitated a cooperation protocol between the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Justice and Public Security to ensure healthcare delivery in line with national and international norms. This was followed, on 14 October, by the launch of a 36-month project implemented by an international non-governmental organization to improve health conditions in detention facilities and surrounding communities, with a focus on tuberculosis, HIV and malaria. 30. Following BINUH advocacy, the Prison Administration Directorate introduced a decentralized food supply system in late October to reduce transportation risks and improve inmate nutrition. BINUH also provided 13 digital cameras to strengthen inmate registration and support recapture efforts in the event of escape, a recurring challenge since the 2024 prison breaches at the Port-au-Prince and Croix-des Bouquets prisons. BINUH continued to promote the establishment of a task force on prison reform under the Ministry of Justice and Public Security to coordinate efforts to reduce overcrowding, strengthen institutional capacity and promote alternatives to incarceration. 31. In October and December, BINUH and OHCHR visited the prisons of Cap-Haïtien, Gonaïves, Hinche and Port-au-Prince to assess compliance with human rights standards and identify protection gaps. Those visits enabled monitoring and assistance for 88 detained minors. As at 30 December, five hearings resulted in the release of 16 children, who were placed in foster care, while support for remaining cases continued as part of broader efforts to address excessive pretrial detention and strengthen safeguards for children deprived of liberty. Community violence reduction 32. BINUH supported national coordination mechanisms, and stakeholders engaged in conflict prevention, reintegration and community-based dialogue. On 6 November, together with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the International Organization for Migration, UNDP, the International Labour Organization and UN-Women, BINUH supported a national forum on private sector engagement, led by the Ministry of Industry and Commerce and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Haiti. The forum brought together more than 170 participants, including national authorities, women, private sector actors, civil society and international partners. Discussions highlighted the importance of a cohesive approach to violence reduction, emphasizing entrepreneurship, socioeconomic development and vocational training. 33. Multi-stakeholder engagement, including with religious actors, advanced through the third special meeting of the interministerial and interinstitutional task force on disarmament, dismantlement, reintegration and community violence reduction. On 21 November, the task force convened, for the first time, 223 religious leaders, including 52 women, to reflect on their role in conflict prevention and reintegration. In parallel, the youth empowerment and community recovery subgroup of the task force, comprising key ministries, the child protection authority and United Nations entities, engaged civil society organizations to discuss prospects for social reintegration initiatives, including the use of temporary reception centres and agricultural sites. 34. As at 22 November, BINUH provided technical support to Haitian authorities on modalities for the design of viable pathways for the safe exit, disengagement and 25-21261 7/27 S/2026/31 socioeconomic reintegration of and psychosocial support and trauma healing for children associated with gangs, as well as assistance in formulating a national action plan. Those efforts complemented ongoing technical and financial support provided by UNICEF since January 2024, following the signature of the handover protocol, which enabled the reintegration of 400 children formerly associated with gangs over the past two years. 35. As regards weapons and ammunition management, BINUH co-led a forum in late November with the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean and UNODC. The forum’s participants reviewed progress and identified technical and coordination needs with national and international stakeholders, including the Gang Suppression Force. BINUH also supported Haiti’s participation in the Caribbean Firearms Roadmap meeting in Trinidad and Tobago on 11 and 12 November and took part in the regional meeting on countering firearms trafficking flows to Haiti, held in Panama on 24 and 25 November, where the Haitian delegation addressed the national embargo regime and sanctions under Security Council resolution 2653 (2022). National human rights institutions and civil society organizations 36. Efforts to strengthen accountability and transparency within public institutions continued, including through capacity-building activities on social audit initiatives. BINUH and OHCHR conducted follow-up visits in the northern departments to assess implementation, identify gaps and provide targeted support. Those initiatives equipped 161 local organizations and communities across eight departments with tools to conduct social audits, enhance oversight of public services and improve transparency in local governance, with a focus on gender-sensitive data capacity. The activities were implemented in cooperation with national partners, including the Office of Citizen Protection and local human rights organizations. 37. Support for human rights defenders remained a key area of engagement during the reporting period. In November, BINUH and OHCHR pursued their mentorship programme, initiated early in 2025, for 23 civil society organizations in order to strengthen their ability to promote and uphold human rights. Those efforts contributed to enhancing the alignment of participating organizations with international transparency and accountability standards. 38. BINUH and OHCHR also advanced efforts to strengthen accountability within the security institutions by delivering a training programme for officers of the Haitian National Police on human rights principles and the use of force. Forty -seven officers from various units participated in the session. 39. As part of their ongoing engagement with young people, BINUH and OHCHR continued to support 38 youth organizations in eight communes through technical and financial assistance, enabling the implementation of a wide range of human rights and community-strengthening initiatives. These included rehabilitating and cleaning public spaces, facilitating dialogue sessions between young people and the police to promote constructive engagement, disseminating peace and tolerance messages through murals and providing training for young women in community management and entrepreneurship. In total, more than 2,600 individuals, including 1,301 women, benefited from those efforts. 40. In 2025, BINUH and OHCHR conducted a mission to South Department, holding focus group discussions with more than 40 people affected by land disputes and documenting the related human rights impacts to inform rights-based land governance. On 27 and 28 October, BINUH and OHCHR organized a workshop in Gonaïves with 46 participants (28 men and 18 women), including judicial officials, 8/27 25-21261 S/2026/31 local authorities and civil society representatives, to review endogenous land dispute resolution mechanisms and reinforce the evidence base for future initiatives. IV. Security Council resolution 2793 (2025) 41. Following the adoption of Security Council resolution 2793 (2025), the United Nations Secretariat initiated operational planning across all mandated areas in order to establish UNSOH and provide logistical and operational support to the Gang Suppression Force within six months of adoption of the resolution, that is, by 31 March 2026. 42. Establishing support arrangements for a United Nations support office in a low infrastructure, high-risk environment is challenging, in particular given the security environment in Haiti. Therefore, it is anticipated that the deployment of UNSOH will be undertaken in phases, supported by an initial surge. The Department of Operational Support, in collaboration with all other entities concerned, has initiated all action necessary for the establishment of UNSOH, including identifying deployment locations and initiating key recruitment and procurement activities. The principles underlying the global supply chain in complex humanitarian situations would also be operationalized by the supply chain for UNSOH. 43. A technical assessment mission was undertaken from 23 to 31 October 2025. The mission, led by the Department of Operational Support, included a team of technical experts and the Department of Safety and Security, with visits to Haiti and the Dominican Republic. That team, supplemented by representatives from the Department of Peace Operations and the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, also travelled to Washington, D.C., to work with key interlocutors, including relevant United States of America government departments and the Organization of American States. The purpose was to validate the mission support concept for the establishment of UNSOH. Participants in the mission met senior officials in all locations with a view to confirming the operational requirements of the Gang Suppression Force in order to ensure the provision of logistical support by the mandated deadline. The mission also worked closely with BINUH to determine the transition of mission support services to be provided by UNSOH by 1 February 2026, as mandated. 44. Following the technical assessment mission in October 2025, the Department of Operational Support deployed a team composed of technical experts to the Dominican Republic and Haiti from 24 November to 19 December 2025. The team sought to conclude agreements for the provision of land for UNSOH and to establish key host country agreements. The Dominican Republic and Haitian authorities demonstrated strong support and commitment to the establishment of UNSOH. 45. The Special Representative continued to advocate for coordinated international support for Haiti’s security needs and the political transition. He travelled to the Dominican Republic on 31 October in support of preparations for the establishment of UNSOH. On 9 December, he attended the force generation conference for the Gang Suppression Force in New York, where he emphasized the complementary role of BINUH in mandated areas such as good governance, police development, human rights, justice, community violence reduction, disarmament, dismantlement and reintegration, and elections. 46. On 2 December, the Standing Group of Partners appointed Jack Christofides as the Special Representative for the Gang Suppression Force in Haiti. Pending the arrival of additional contingents and the operationalization of UNSOH, initial deliveries of equipment, including air assets for troop transport and medical 25-21261 9/27 S/2026/31 evacuations and armoured vehicles, took place in October and November. These enabled the Gang Suppression Force to dispatch additional supplies and reinforce patrols in Liancourt, Pont-Sondé and Petite-Rivière, supporting the partial reopening of national highway 1 and joint operations in Tabarre, Kenscoff and Croix-des Bouquets in metropolitan Port-au-Prince. 47. To strengthen coordination among partners, BINUH convened two meetings with the personnel from the Gang Suppression Force, on 30 October and 4 December. Discussions focused on ways to establish effective information-sharing and coordination of relevant activities. A standard operating procedure is being developed to guide cooperation across complementary mandates, including policing, corrections, human rights, community violence reduction, illicit trafficking in weapons and ammunition, and reintegration. Once operational, UNSOH will join this coordination mechanism to strengthen integrated support. 48. OHCHR delivered 1 training-of-trainers session for Gang Suppression Force instructors on participatory approaches to human rights and law enforcement, including gender-based violence and gender-sensitive planning. As of December, 69 per cent of Gang Suppression Force personnel had completed human rights training. OHCHR also held a workshop with the Haitian National Police and the Gang Suppression Force to develop a checklist for operational compliance. In addition, two round tables with civil society brought together 31 participants, including 16 women, to assess human rights compliance in anti-gang operations. 49. Between October and December, OHCHR monitored 40 operations conducted by the Haitian security forces with support from the Gang Suppression Force. The findings were reviewed with the Gang Suppression Force leadership through a joint assessment mechanism to inform operational planning and strengthen protection measures. V. Women and peace and security 50. Between 1 September and 30 November October, BINUH documented 449 incidents of sexual violence involving 466 victims (430 women, 35 girls and 1 boy) through its monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements. Collective rape remained the predominant violation, accounting for 74 per cent of incidents, while sexual slavery, often linked to kidnappings and the exploitation of children by gang members, continued to be reported. Although 304 incidents occurred prior to the reporting period, they were disclosed only later to United Nations entities, underscoring persistent barriers to reporting and access to support. 51. During the same period, the gender-based violence subcluster recorded 1,692 cases of gender-based violence from humanitarian partners, of which 70 per cent involved rape or sexual assault. An analysis of 8,194 cases reported from January to November 2025 identified contributing factors, including overcrowding in displacement sites, intimate partner violence, sexual abuse of children and harmful traditional practices. Access to survivor-centred support remained limited, with only 28 per cent of rape survivors gaining access to medical care within the critical 72-hour window. 52. In November, BINUH and OHCHR strengthened the capacity of the Haitian National Police to investigate and manage data on sexual and gender-based violence. In Cap-Haïtien and Les Cayes, 58 investigators and unit heads (including 24 women) from seven departments were trained on sexual violence investigations, focusing on cases involving gangs. In parallel, OHCHR, together with the national coordination office for women’s affairs and gender issues, trained 58 officers (including 25 10/27 25-21261 S/2026/31 women) on a digital tool developed with the Haitian National Police to improve data reliability, case traceability and integrated survivor support. Between 1 September and 30 November, 216 cases of sexual and gender-based violence crimes were reported to the police, 71 per cent involving crimes committed against children; only 2 cases of collective rape and 1 case of kidnapping with collective rape by armed individuals were reported, highlighting fear of reprisals and stigma. 53. The 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence were observed from 25 November to 10 December with United Nations participation. The United Nations Population Fund and UN-Women supported the launch led by the Ministry for the Status of Women and Women’s Rights, alongside nationwide awareness-raising on online abuse and the prevention of gender-based violence ahead of elections. BINUH and OHCHR convened Port-au-Prince’s four gender-based violence platforms to review lessons learned since May 2025 and discuss police handling of five cases of online harassment leading to extortion and rape. UNDP launched an awareness raising campaign on the gender-based violence model jurisdiction in Cap-Haïtien, which had provided multisectoral support to at least 135 survivors as at 22 November. 54. With support from UN-Women, the Provisional Electoral Council launched a nationwide campaign to promote women’s full, equal and meaningful participation, training 130 representatives from nine departments to address financial and security barriers. BINUH continued to advocate for women’s inclusion in political processes and, on 16 November, supported Nègès Mawon in convening 150 participants to reflect on a decade of advocacy for women’s participation and reaffirm commitments to women’s rights. From 12 to 14 December 2025, UN-Women supported the Ministry for the Status of Women and Women’s Rights in convening nationwide consultations (États généraux) on women’s political participation and electoral violence in Les Cayes. The resulting declaration reaffirmed the 30 per cent constitutional quota, outlined a national action plan (2025–2028) and establishes a multisectoral follow-up mechanism to address structural barriers and monitor implementation. VI. Sexual exploitation and abuse 55. Between 1 September and 30 November, BINUH recorded no allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse involving its personnel or those of previous United Nations missions. BINUH helped victims of past cases in line with established protocols and facilitated the resolution of three paternity claims, including through meetings between victims and representatives of Member States and the provision of legal assistance, resulting in agreed child support. 56. In October 2025, the inter-agency protection from sexual exploitation and abuse network finalized an inter-agency sexual exploitation and abuse risk assessment, based on secondary data reviews, interviews and 72 focus group discussions reaching nearly 1,060 individuals across 25 communes, including internally displaced persons, as well as United Nations, non-governmental organization, government, local authority and religious representatives from 45 entities. The assessment highlighted the need to strengthen collaboration with the Government and communities, reinforce victim assistance and ensure that programmes are designed to prevent harm, in particular to vulnerable groups. 25-21261 11/27 S/2026/31 VII. Unemployment, young people and other vulnerable groups Socioeconomic situation 57. In October, the Government adopted the 2025–2026 national budget of approximately $2.62 billion, a 6.8 per cent increase compared with the previous fiscal year, with domestic revenues covering 70.5 of financing needs. The budget is based on the assumption of a return to growth in 2026 after a seventh consecutive year of negative growth and with inflation reaching 32 per cent. The International Monetary Fund extended Haiti’s staff-monitored programme through 19 September 2026 and, while noting progress on fiscal and structural reforms, underscored the need for grant based external financing to address humanitarian needs, preserve macroeconomic stability and maintain debt sustainability. 58. Tax revenue collection remained low, amounting to only 4.3 per cent of gross domestic product. On the expenditure side, current expenditure, including salaries, accounted for 61.8 per cent of the national budget, while 53.3 per cent of public investment was expected to be externally financed. Allocations for security and elections increased from 12.6 per cent in 2024–2025 to 16 per cent in 2025–2026. However, in both budgets, most allocations to rule of law covering security and the judiciary are dedicated to recurrent expenditure such as wages and operating costs, with only 0.76 per cent in 2024–2025 and 1.2 per cent in 2025–2026 for investments such as court and prison rehabilitation, other infrastructure and equipment. By contrast, food security and access to social services accounted for 40.1 per cent. 59. Territorial disparities in investment allocation remained significant. In the revised 2024–2025 budget, 84.8 per cent of the public investment programme was classified as national, with only 15.2 per cent allocated across departments: West and North Departments received the largest shares, while most others received less than 0.5 per cent. Although the 2025–2026 budget adopts a more territorialized approach, effective implementation remains challenging. Public investment supporting women’s and youth economic empowerment accounted for just 0.05 per cent in 2024– 2025. In this context, the United Nations continued to support the design of the medium-term recovery plan, focusing on domestic resource mobilization, territorial equity and gender- and youth-responsive planning. 60. Socioeconomic conditions continued to deteriorate. According to the World Bank, the share of people living on less than $3 per day rose from 42.2 per cent in 2021 to 48.7 per cent in 2025. Apparel sector employment contracted sharply, from approximately 15,000 workers in 2021 to 2,000–3,000 in 2025, while factory strikes highlighted worker vulnerabilities, in particular among young women, who represent 70 per cent of the workforce. Labor tensions were further compounded by an increase in forced returnees, estimated to be between 225,000 and 250,000 people, mostly from the Dominican Republic and the United States. Social protection and food security 61. Food and nutrition insecurity continued to affect 5.7 million people, including 1.9 million at emergency levels, with women-led households and children the most affected. The United Nations supported emergency food assistance, agricultural resilience and services for vulnerable women, including through the $62.5 million Food Shock Window. Following Hurricane Melissa, the United Nations supported a government-led rapid assessment and efforts to prevent widespread livelihood collapse. With United Nations support, a strategic framework on climate security was submitted in September and informed the draft national policy on environment, climate, peace and security, unveiled at the thirtieth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 12/27 25-21261 S/2026/31 Child protection 62. Access to child protection services remained deficient, in particular in displacement sites, of which approximately 33 per cent lacked basic protection infrastructure. As of October 2025, the Government, with United Nations support, including through UNICEF, reintegrated 400 children under the national handover protocol, while child recruitment and use by gangs and severe detention conditions persisted. In 2025, the United Nations advanced the establishment of a country task force on monitoring and reporting on grave violations against children, strengthening coordination, accountability and information-sharing. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict and UNICEF, with support from the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Haiti, conducted a joint field visit from 3 to 11 November to consolidate coordination and operationalize the task force. VIII. Basic social service delivery and resilience Humanitarian needs and access to basic services 63. Humanitarian needs remained acute nationwide. In October, Hurricane Melissa caused at least 43 deaths in southern departments, destroyed homes and critical infrastructure and severely disrupted livelihoods, exacerbating humanitarian needs. Ahead of Hurricane Melissa, the Central Emergency Response Fund released $4 million to support the prepositioning of supplies and the provision of cash assistance, enabling timely, life-saving action. 64. Internal displacement continued to increase, reaching a record 1.4 million people, or 12 per cent of the population, by September 2025, double the figure recorded in September 2024. Women and girls accounted for 54 per cent of internally displaced persons and children for 53 per cent, with limited access to water and poor hygiene conditions in displacement sites increasing health risks. Displacement patterns became increasingly pendular and circular in Port-au-Prince as gangs seized and reseized neighbourhoods, while the number of displacement sites nationwide rose from 117 in 2024 to 238 by September 2025, reflecting the growing intensity and geographical spread of the crisis. 65. Nationally, only 10 per cent of health facilities with inpatient capacity were fully operational, with health accounting for 7.98 per cent of the 2024–2025 budget. Cholera remained a major public health concern following a peak between April and June, with 2,852 suspected cases reported in 2025, including 186 confirmed cases and 48 deaths. The collapse of obstetric and neonatal services posed life-threatening risks for women and infants, in particular in areas affected by violence. In Port-au-Prince, only 41 per cent of facilities with beds remained fully functional, undermined by insecurity, damaged infrastructure, medicine shortages and the departure of an estimated 40 per cent of medical personnel. The United Nations supported hospital and health centre rehabilitation, the provision of essential supplies and vaccines, the training of community health workers and the establishment of a logistical and supply centre in Jérémie, while water- and sanitation-related health risks continued to rise amid service collapse, overcrowded displacement sites and chronic water shortages. 66. The education sector remained under pressure, notwithstanding an increase in its budget allocation to 15.6 per cent in 2025–2026, absorbed mainly by salaries. During the 2024–2025 school year, more than 1,600 schools closed because of violence, and 25 were occupied by armed groups, affecting 243,000 students and 7,500 teachers. School occupations, displacement and threats against teachers continued to disrupt learning, with girls and children with disabilities facing 25-21261 13/27 S/2026/31 heightened risks of long-term exclusion. Nationwide, 1.5 million children remained out of school or at immediate risk of dropping out, increasing exposure to recruitment, exploitation, sexual violence and intergenerational harm. 67. Humanitarian needs related to gang violence have increased beyond Port-au Prince into Centre and Artibonite Departments. The humanitarian response remains severely underresourced, and humanitarian access is increasingly challenging. As at 31 December, only 24.1 per cent of the $908 million required had been funded. IX. Operating environment 68. International commercial flights to Toussaint Louverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince remained suspended following a flight ban issued by the United States Federal Aviation Administration on 12 November 2024. The United Nations Humanitarian Air Service contracted a second medium-lift rotary-wing aircraft to service Haiti, which, combined with regional refuelling arrangements, increased the United Nations presence in the capital from 133 to 265 international personnel. The BINUH presence included 40 of its 64 international substantive and mis