Key Biodiversity Areas of Haiti

KEY BIODIVERSITY AREAS OF HAITI DECEMBER, 2011 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS The assistance of several organizations and their staff were instrumental in the development of this effort to identify and describe the Key Biodiversity Areas of Haiti. The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, through support to BirdLife International, Société Audubon Haïti and Rezo Ekolo, provided the funding for the study. FoProBim, Reef Check and DAI provided support to identify important marine and coastal KBAs; PSU provided information on the distribution of threatened amphibian and reptile species in Haiti; UNDP- and GEF-funded Système Nationale des Aires Protégées, through the Ministry of Environment, provided data to integrate the KBAs with current and proposed protected areas. ACRONYMS AZE Alliance for Zero Extinction CEPF Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund DAI Development Alternatives Inc. FoProBim Fondation pour la Protection de la Biodiversité Marine GEF Global Environment Facility IBA Important Bird Area IPA Important Plant Area IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature KBA Key Biodiversity Area PSU Pennsylvania State University UNDP United Nations Development Program ii Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements, Acronyms ii Introduction 1 KBAs of Haiti 1 KBA Selection 3 Technical Data Sheets 4 Summary 5 References 6 Key Biodiversity Areas of Haiti – Part 1 8 Key Biodiversity Areas of Haiti – Part 2 27 Annex 1. Threatened species of Haiti contained in the KBAs of Haiti 41 Annex 2. IUCN Red List threatened species not included in the KBAs of Haiti 45 Annex 3. Species of special concern contained in the KBAs of Haiti 46 iii KEY BIODIVERSITY AREAS OF HAITI JOEL C. TIMYAN INTRODUCTION Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are internationally important areas that are essential for conserving biodiversity (Eken et al., 2004; Langhammer et al., 2007). The KBA concept was developed by a consortium of international, national and regional conservation organizations1 with the objective of prioritizing areas within a country that require protection due the vulnerability and uniqueness of the animal and plant populations that reside in these areas. KBAs are a starting point for conservation planning at the landscape level within a country insofar that the KBAs represent areas that are essential to maintaining globally and regionally threatened species. They can comprise protected and unprotected areas of varying scales and are based primarily on internationally recognized databases and criteria for various taxa, including the IUCN Red List, BirdLife International’s Important Bird Areas (IBAs), Plantlife International’s Important Plant Areas (IPAs), Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) sites and several others. There are approximately 20,000 KBAs worldwide in over 200 countries (Langhammer et al., 2007). The criteria generally recognized for KBAs include 1) One or more globally threatened species; 2) One or more endemic species which are globally restricted to the site or surrounding region; 3) Significant concentrations of a species; and 4) Globally significant examples of unique habitat types and species assemblages (Langhammer et al., 2007). KBAs are an important tool to compile country profiles, maintain biological databases, and present technical and scientific data for use by policy makers, researchers, planners, land managers and local communities to incorporate conservation and environmental priorities in the economic development of Haiti. They are a point of entry in the national conversation and public awareness of an irreplaceable natural heritage that society risks losing if no measures are taken to conserve. KBAs of Haiti The identification of KBAs in Haiti began in 2009 through local expert consultation led by BirdLife International. However, before this period a series of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) were identified in Haiti (BirdLife, 2008). The IBAs served as a base to build the current network of KBAs. A preliminary set of 17 KBAs were identified that represented the majority of threatened terrestrial species on the IUCN Red List. This resulted in a 2009 draft that was reviewed and expanded in 2011 to refine the scientific basis for the KBAs and to merge the KBAs toward the nascent Système Nationale des Aires Protégées being developed under the UNDP and the Ministry of Environment (UNDP, 2011). It should be noted that Haiti has the least amount of protected area among Caribbean countries. A 1The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), BirdLife International, Plantlife International, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund and over 100 national/regional civil society and governmental conservation agencies. 1 nominal 6% is often cited, though in reality only 0.3% can be considered to benefit from some degree of protection (Victor, 1997). Upon careful review of the original 17 KBAs, gaps and inconsistencies were found that required a need to increase the number of KBAs and to redefine the boundaries that better reflect the ranges of threatened and irreplaceable taxa. We also took into account the increased complexity of KBAs as opposed to IBAs in both spatial scale as well as biodiversity and the high fragmentation of natural areas. Thus, several KBAs that were based entirely on their designation as IBAs were merged or expanded. For example, Trou Caïman IBA and Lac Azuei IBA were merged to form one KBA (Table 1). While it is possible for a KBA to be a formal entity like a national park or protected area, the situation in Haiti is too poorly developed for this to be of practical value. Rather the KBAs in Haiti are areas where notable concentrations of globally or regionally threatened species occur, particularly those found only within Haiti. Table 1. Summary of Key Biodiversity Areas of Haiti and their relation to Important Bird Areas (BirdLife, 2008). The IBAs are in parentheses. KBAs including IBAs KBAs not including IBAs Proposed KBAs Massif de la Hotte (Aux Bec-Croisés, Bois Musicien) Cavaillon, Cayemites-Baradères, Côtes du Nord, Chaines des Cahos, Dame Marie, Dépression de Jacmel, Dubedou – Morne Balance, Fond des Nègres – L’Etang Miragoâne, Ile à Vache, Ile de la Tortue Ouest, La Gonâve – Côte Sud, La Gonâve – Côte Nord, Le Delta de l’Arti bonite, Madicaque, Môle Saint Nicolas, Morne Bailly, Nan L’Etat, Neiba d’Haïti, Pic Tête Boeuf, Picmi, Plaisance, Port de-Paix, Saint Michel de l’Atalaye Morne Basile. Arcadins, Banc de Rochelois Massif de la Selle (Aux Cornichons, Aux Diablotins) Lac Azuéi-Trou Caïman (Lac Azuéi, Trou Caïman) Citadelle-Grottes Dondon (Les Todiers) Ile de la Tortue Est (Coquillage – Pointe Est, Les Grottes) Lagons du Nord-Est (Lagons-aux-Boeufs) Areas of Haiti completely absent from the first draft included important marine and coastal areas, including several satellite islands, and the entire Central Plateau region. These potential KBAs are presented in a separate section of this report in order to highlight the need for further analyses that may be required to meet the rigorous selection criteria, as in the case of marine areas (Bass et al, 2010). While KBAs in general are more suited to terrestrial site-specific species, the marine KBAs have been selected due their extremely high biodiversity values and the fact that they are likely to contain at least one regionally or globally threatened species at population thresholds that would be considered significant (Carpenter et al., 2008). In many cases, the coral reefs and mangrove systems were already part of a terrestrial KBA that was expanded to include the marine ecosystems. Figure 1 shows the 31 KBAs identified and presented in more detail below. See Annex 1 for the threatened species found in these KBAs. 2 Figure 1. Map of Haiti showing Key Biodiversity Areas (green polygons). KBA SELECTION An updated list of IUCN Red List species was obtained from the IUCN database for Haiti (IUCN, 2011). This set of threatened species2serves the primary basis for identifying KBAs in Haiti (Annex 1). In the case of the Magnoliaceae, the Red List published by the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group was included (Cicuzza et al., 2007) though the Haitian species are not listed on the IUCN Red List. KBAs correspond to areas of the country where especially high concentrations of threatened species are found, many times restricted to a specific area of Haiti. Species that are likely to be qualified as threatened, but are considered by the IUCN as “Date Deficient”, are not included in the KBAs. In some cases, they were noted for a particular KBA, especially if closely related species were considered threatened. Furthermore, important endemic species that have never been assessed by IUCN are noted if scientific data exists that suggests their threatened status (Annex 3). Errors found in the IUCN database were corrected to reflect changes in known ranges, nomenclatural updates or changes in the Red List status since 2009. For example, the IUCN Red List does not recognize the population of Cyclura ricordii that is found in the Anse-à-Pitre area of SE Haiti (Rupp & Accimé, 2011), nor does it recognize the status of Eleutherodactylus asporostegus, endemic to Haiti, that was split from Eleutherodactylus ruthae (Hedges et al., 2008). The same case is true for E. displasius that was split from E. wetmorei. In each case, the result is a more restricted natural distribution that would normally increase the species’ vulnerability. 2Threatened species are classified as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU). IUCN Red List species classified as Near Threatened (NT), Least Concern (LC), Data Deficient (DD) or Not Evaluated (NE) are not considered. 3 Several threatened species listed for the KBAs should be considered as candidates for inclusion since population thresholds or standardized criteria have not been determined for Haiti. These include many of the marine and freshwater species such as sea turtles and crustaceans. The amphibians being assessed by the Amphibian Specialist Group (www.amphibians.org) as a result of the Ark/IUCN assessment conference in Santo Domingo in March, 2011, were also included in this analysis. As a result of current assessments, two of five amphibian species were removed from the KBA lists (Table 2). Three of the species remain listed in the KBAs (Hypsiboas heilprini, Osteopilus pulchrilineatus and O. vastus) due their threatened status in Haiti. Other amphibian species that are under review have been given their 2004 IUCN status until the 2011 assessment is published by IUCN. Table 2. Amphibian species under recent (2011) IUCN assessment. Species 2004 Status 2011 Proposed Eleutherodactylus pictissimus Cochran, 1935 VU NT Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU LCa Peltophryne guentheri Cochran, 1941 VU NT Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN LCa Osteopilus vastus Cope, 1871 EN LCa aGiven habitat conditions of species’ natural range ( declining quality of streams, decreasing intact forests, increased fragmentation of habitats), the 2011 IUCN status will likely remain a threatened category (Powell & Inchaustegui, pers. comm.) Thus, the 2004 status have been selected for the KBAs until the final IUCN assessment is completed. The known distribution of the threatened species list was thoroughly reviewed for this report using international databases. For plants, the herbaria collections located in Haiti (EHH), Florida (FLAS), Stockholm (S), New York (NY), Missouri (MO), Santo Domingo (JBSD), and Washington DC (US) were reviewed. For vertebrates, the GBIF database was reviewed as well as several important museum collections in the US . In many cases, only type localities are known for a species and their inclusion within a KBA does not confirm the status of their populations. However, this approach errors on the side of precaution and is primarily due to the lack of field studies generating any data to the contrary. Several species that are listed for Haiti on the 2011 IUCN Red List were not included in the KBAs (Annex 2). These include a lizard, Sphaerodactylus williamsi, that occurs just outside the Artibonite Delta KBA; Ridgway’s Hawk (Buteo ridgwayi) and the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) that have likely been extirpated from their natural ranges in Haiti; and several open ocean species that are uncertain to occur inside Haitian territory due to a deficiency of data. It is realized that the KBAs contain even more threatened species than those assessed since the IUCN Red List, particularly since so many major plant and animal families have not been assessed. Several of these taxa exhibit relatively high rates of endemism in Haiti. These include many genera in the Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Sabiaceae, Solanaceae and Urticaceae among plant families; Poeciliinae among fish families; and an uncertain number of invertebrate families. A selected number of these taxa are have been noted for each KBA where they are likely to occur (Annex 3). TECHNICAL DATA SHEETS A technical data sheet was prepared for each KBA that profiles site-specific data. Major categories of data included basic information, biodiversity and current status, threats, current conservation approach, 4 new conservation and governance approach, history and capacity, detailed knowledge of the ecology, acknowledgements, references and additional information that is required. Once the information is reviewed and finalized, these technical data sheets will be entered into the World Biodiversity Database and disseminated to researchers, managers, planners and policy makers. SUMMARY The 31 KBAs in Haiti cover an area of 9,340 km2– about a third of the country’s land area. The estimated area of the KBAs include significant areas of marine ecosystems which are generally excluded from the 27,750 km2 area often cited for Haiti. The KBAs vary widely in their sizes, from the smallest at Picmi (1.6 km2) to the 2 largest, Massif de la Hotte (1981 km2) and Massif de la Selle (1934 km2). The most important KBAs, in terms of the number of threatened species endemic to either the KBA or the island of Hispaniola, are shown in Figure 2. Massif de la Hotte has the most species of any KBA followed closely by Massif de la Selle. However, Massif de la Hotte ranks higher in terms of unique species. The Côtes du Nord KBA is one of the 14 KBAs that includes threatened marine species which are not endemic to the island (shown in green) versus the endemic terrestrial species (shown in red). 60 50 NO. SPECIES 40 30 20 10 0 KBA ENDEMIC HISPANIOLA ENDEMIC OUTSIDE HISPANIOLA Figure 2. The KBAs containing the highest number of endemic species. The land-based KBAs varied widely in the number of species being considered and the frequency that each species occur among KBAs. This is due to several factors - 1) The complex geological past of the island and its influence on dispersal and vicariance mechanisms that determine species biogeography; 2) The preponderance of certain genera (e.g., Eleutherodactylus) to contribute a disproportionate share of threatened species; and 3) The wide variation in endemism among species. The KBAs of the “South Island,” comprising the Massif de la Hotte and Massif de la Selle, contain over 60% of the threatened species despite encompassing only 20% of the total land area in Haiti. In terms of endemism, 34% of the KBA species are endemic to Haiti and 63% of the threatened species are endemic to Hispaniola. In many cases, the country endemics occur in very restricted areas and are only represented by a single KBA. 5 Approximately 45 % of the terrestrial species are represented by a single KBA in Haiti (50 of 111 selected taxa). Thus, the majority of species are represented by at least 2 or more KBAs. Figure 3 summarizes the frequency that species are represented in the KBAs. The peak at 14 KBAs reflects the set of threatened marine species found in the KBAs including coastal marine areas. 60 50 No. of Species 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 18 22 Frequency (No. of KBAs) Figure 3. Representation of threatened species in KBAs of Haiti. The KBAs include 14 areas of marine ecosystems (e.g., estuaries, coral reefs and mangroves) that were not included in the original list of Haitian KBAs. Two of these KBAs (Arcadins, Banc de Rochelois) are being proposed as KBAs despite their lack of threatened terrestrial species. These KBAs have been included due the significance of the threatened biodiversity found in these systems. However, it is acknowledged that the methodology to determine marine KBAs is still being developed for most species and thus must be considered with caution, particularly with regard to the lack of scientific data supporting threshold populations. 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Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas: Best Practice Protected Areas Guidelines Series No. 15. 116 p. Rupp, E. and M. Accimé. 2011. Discovery of Ricord’s Iguana (Cyclura ricordii) in Haiti. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 18(3) : 148-153. UNDP. 2011. Establishing a financially sustainable National Protected Areas System. Document PIMS No. 4150 (ATLAS Project ID No. 00070685), UNDP-GEF & Ministry of Environment, Port-au Prince. 76 p. Victor, J. A. 1997. Le cadre légale et institutionnel des aires protégées en Haiti, pp. 38-56. In: Haiti dans le Dernier Carré. Actes du Colloque sur la Gestion des Aires Protégées et le Financement de la Conservation de la Biodiversité en Haiti (28 février 1997, Xaragua). CFET, Port-au-Prince. 251 p. 7 KEY BIODIVERSITY AREAS OF HAITI – PART 1 Part 1 is the set of 17 KBAs that originally selected in 2009 in conference with conservation organizations and biological experts in Haiti. The KBAs and their species list were revised in 2011. Part 2 is the set of 14 KBAs were selected in 2011 in preparation of this document after further review of the conservation status of 2011 IUCN Red List threatened species and their known distributions in Haiti. 1. Dame Marie KBA (18o 33’ N, -74o 25’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Dame Marie KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS REPTILES Anolis haetianus Garman, 1887 EN AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus caribe Hedges & Thomas, 1992 CR Eleutherodactylus heminota Shreve & Williams, 1963 EN Eleutherodactylus paulsoni Schwartz, 1964 CR Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU TREES Cedrela odorata L. VU Huertea cubensis Griseb. VU Endemic Species: Several live-bearing fish species of the Limia genus are Hispaniola island endemics that occur in fresh and brackish water bodies including L. dominicensis, L. meloanogaster, L. melanotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. These have not been assessed by IUCN. The Gray-Crowned Palm Tanager (Phaenicophilus poliocephalus), the only bird endemic to Haiti, is found in this KBA. Eleutherodactylus displasius Schwartz, 1973 is listed as Data Deficient, but may eventually be considered EN if same criteria are used for E. wetmorei from which is was split as a species (Hedges et al., 2008). The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range is uncertain. 8 2. Massif de la Hotte KBA (18o 25’ N, -74o 01’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Massif de la Hotte KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS MAMMALS Lasiurus minor Miller, 1931 VU Plagiodontia aedium F. Cuvier, 1836 EN Solenodon paradoxus Brandt, 1833 EN BIRDS Amazona ventralis Müller, 1776 VU Aratinga chloroptera Souancé, 1856 VU Calyptophilus frugivorus Cory, 1883 VU Catharus bicknelli Ridgway, 1882 VU Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800 VU Loxia megaplaga Riley, 1916 EN Pterodroma hasitata Kuhl, 1820 EN Tachycineta euchrysea Gosse, 1847 VU Xenoligea montana Chapman, 1917 VU REPTILES Anolis haetianus Garman, 1887 EN Anolis koopmani Rand, 1961 EN Typhlops hectus Thomas, 1974 EN AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus amadeus Hedges, Thomas & Franz, 1987 CR Eleutherodactylus aporostegus Schwartz, 1965 EN Eleutherodactylus apostates Schwartz, 1973 CR Eleutherodactylus audanti Cochran, 1934 EN Eleutherodactylus bakeri Cochran, 1935 CR Eleutherodactylus brevirostris Shreve, 1936 CR Eleutherodactylus chlorophenax Schwartz, 1976 CR Eleutherodactylus corona Hedges & Thomas, 1992 CR Eleutherodactylus counouspeus Schwartz, 1964 EN Eleutherodactylus dolomedes Hedges & Thomas, 1992 CR Eleutherodactylus eunaster Schwartz, 1973 CR Eleutherodactylus glandulifer Cochran, 1935 CR Eleutherodactylus glaphycompus Schwartz, 1973 EN Eleutherodactylus heminota Shreve & Williams, 1963 EN Eleutherodactylus lamprotes Schwartz, 1973 CR Eleutherodactylus nortoni Schwartz, 1976 CR Eleutherodactylus oxyrhyncus Dumeril & Bibron, 1841 CR Eleutherodactylus parapelates Hedges & Thomas, 1987 CR Eleutherodactylus paulsoni Schwartz, 1964 CR 9 CLASS SPECIES STATUS Eleutherodactylus sciagraphus Schwartz, 1973 CR Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus Shreve, 1936 CR Eleutherodactylus thorectes Hedges, 1988 CR Eleutherodactylus ventrilineatus Shreve, 1936 CR Eleutherodactylus wetmorei Cochran, 1932 VU Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN Osteopilus vastus Cope, 1871 EN Aratinga chloroptera Souancé, 1856 VU Calyptophilus frugivorus Cory, 1883 VU Catharus bicknelli Ridgway, 1882 VU Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800 VU Loxia megaplaga Riley, 1916 EN Pterodroma hasitata Kuhl, 1820 EN Tachycineta euchrysea Gosse, 1847 VU Xenoligea montana Chapman, 1917 VU CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU TREES Attalea crassispatha (Mart.) Burret CR Calyptrogenia ekmanii (Urb.) Burret VU Cedrela odorata L. VU Cleyera bolleana (O.C. Schmidt) Kobuski VU Cleyera vaccinioides (O.C. Schmidt) Kobuski VU Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Guarea sphenophylla Urban VU Magnolia ekmanii Urb. EN Micropholis polita (Griseb.) Pierre ssp. hotteana Judd VU Nectandra caudatoacuminata O.C. Schmidt* CR Nectandra pulchra Ekm. & O.C. Schmidt CR Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. VU Podocarpus aristulatus Parl. VU Stenostomum radiatum subsp. haitiensis (Borhidi) Borhidi VU Endemic Species: The Gray-Crowned Palm Tanager (Phaenicophilus poliocephalus), the only bird endemic to Haiti, is found in this KBA. Eleutherodactylus displasius Schwartz, 1973 is listed as Data Deficient, but may eventually be considered EN if the same criteria are used for E. wetmorei from which is was split as a species (Hedges et al., 2008). The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. Several plant genera exhibiting exceptionally high rates of local endemism in the Massif de la Hotte KBA include Eupatorium, Mikania, Senecio (Asteraceae); Calycogonium, Mercranium, Meriania, Miconia, Sagrea (Melastomataceae); Eugenia (Myrtaceae); Psychotria (Rubiaceae); Meliosma (Sabiaceae); Cestrum, Solanum (Solanaceae); Lepanthes, Lepanthopsis, Specklinia, Stelis, Tomzanonia (Orchidaceae), Pilea (Urticaceae). The tree, Chimarrhis ekmanii, and the monotypic orchid genus, Tomzanonia, are endemic to this KBA. * Found only at type locality in 1928. 10 3. Cavaillon KBA (18o 16’ N, -73o 42.5’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Cavaillon KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS REPTILES Trachemys decorata Barbour & Carr, 1940 VU Typhlops hectus Thomas, 1974 EN AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus aporostegus Schwartz, 1965 EN Eleutherodactylus heminota Shreve & Williams, 1963 EN Eleutherodactylus paulsoni Schwartz, 1964 CR Eleutherodactylus wetmorei Cochran, 1932 VU Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU TREES Attalea crassispatha (Mart.) Burret CR Cedrela odorata L. VU Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Endemic Species: Several live-bearing fish species of the Limia genus are Hispaniola island endemics that occur in fresh and brackish water bodies including L. dominicensis, L. meloanogaster, L. melanotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. These have not been assessed by IUCN. The Gray-Crowned Palm Tanager (Phaenicophilus poliocephalus), the only bird endemic to Haiti, is found in this KBA. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. 11 4. Pic Tête Boeuf KBA (18o 20’ N, -73o 30’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Pic Tête Boeuf KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS BIRDS Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800 VU REPTILES Typhlops hectus Thomas, 1974 EN AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus aporostegus Schwartz, 1965 EN Eleutherodactylus glaphycompus Schwartz, 1973 EN Eleutherodactylus heminota Shreve & Williams, 1963 EN Eleutherodactylus paulsoni Schwartz, 1964 CR Eleutherodactylus wetmorei Cochran, 1932 VU Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU TREES Attalea crassispatha (Mart.) Burret CR Cedrela odorata L. VU Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Endemic Species: The Gray-Crowned Palm Tanager (Phaenicophilus poliocephalus), the only bird endemic to Haiti, is found in this KBA. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. The monotypic tree genus, Samuelssonia verrucosa, is endemic to this KBA and known only from the type specimen collected by Ekman in 1927. 12 5. Fond des Nègres – L’Etang Miragoâne KBA (18o 20’ N, -73o 07.5’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Fond des Nègres – L’Etang Miragoâne KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS REPTILES Typhlops capitulatus Richmond, 1964 EN Typhlops hectus Thomas, 1974 EN AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus aporostegus Schwartz, 1965 EN Eleutherodactylus glaphycompus Schwartz, 1973 EN Eleutherodactylus heminota Shreve & Williams, 1963 EN Eleutherodactylus wetmorei Cochran, 1932 VU Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU TREES Albizia berteriana (DC.) Fawc. & Rendle VU Attalea crassispatha (Mart.) Burret CR Calyptrogenia ekmanii (Urb.) Burret VU Catalpa brevipes Urban VU Cedrela odorata L. VU Ekmanianthe longiflora (Grisebach) Urban EN Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Nectandra pulchra Ekm. & O.C. Schmidt* CR Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. VU Endemic Species: The Gray-Crowned Palm Tanager (Phaenicophilus poliocephalus), the only bird endemic to Haiti, is found in this KBA. Several live bearing fish species in the Gambusia and Limia genera are endemic to L’Etang Miragoane, including Gambusia beebei, Limia fuscomaculata, L. garnieri, L. grossidens, L. immaculata, L. miragoanensis and L. ornata. An additional set of Hispaniolan island endemics may also occur in the lake including L. dominicensis, L. melanogaster, L. melanonotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. These have not been assessed by IUCN. The monotypic palm genus, Zombia antillarum, has not assessed by IUCN, though populations in Haiti are vulnerable. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. *Found only at the type locality near Miragoane in 1927. 13 6. Massif de la Selle KBA (18o 22.5’ N, -72o 04.5’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Massif de la Selle KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS MAMMALS Lasiurus minor Miller, 1931 VU Plagiodontia aedium F. Cuvier, 1836 EN BIRDS Amazona ventralis Müller, 1776 VU Aratinga chloroptera Souancé, 1856 VU Calyptophilus frugivorus Cory, 1883 VU Catharus bicknelli Ridgway, 1882 VU Coccyzus rufigularis Hartlaub, 1852 EN Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800 VU Loxia megaplaga Riley, 1916 EN Pterodroma hasitata Kuhl, 1820 EN Tachycineta euchrysea Gosse, 1847 VU Turdus swalesi Wetmore, 1927 EN Xenoligea montana Chapman, 1917 VU REPTILES Caretta caretta L., 1758 EN Chelonia mydas L., 1758 EN Cyclura cornuta Bonnaterre, 1789 VU Cyclura ricordi Duméril & Bibron, 1837 CR Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli, 1761 CR Eretmochelys imbricata L. 1766 CR Typhlops capitulatus Richmond, 1964 EN AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus alcoae Schwartz, 1965 EN Eleutherodactylus aporostegus Schwartz, 1965 EN Eleutherodactylus armstrongi Noble & Hassler, 1933 EN Eleutherodactylus audanti Cochran, 1934 EN Eleutherodactylus darlingtoni Cochran, 1935 CR Eleutherodactylus fowleri Schwartz, 1973 CR Eleutherodactylus furcyensis Shreve & Williams, 1963 CR Eleutherodactylus glanduliferoides Shreve, 1936 CR Eleutherodactylus heminota Shreve & Williams, 1963 EN Eleutherodactylus hypostenor Schwartz, 1965 EN Eleutherodactylus jugans Cochran, 1937 CR Eleutherodactylus leoncei Shreve & Williams, 1963 CR Eleutherodactylus nortoni Schwartz, 1976 CR Eleutherodactylus oxyrhyncus Dumeril & Bibron, 1841 CR 14 CLASS SPECIES STATUS Eleutherodactylus paulsoni Schwartz, 1964 CR Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus Shreve, 1936 CR Eleutherodactylus wetmorei Cochran, 1932 VU Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN Osteopilus vastus Cope, 1871 EN CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU INSECTS Battus zetides Munroe, 1971 VU Phylolestes ethelae Christiansen, 1948 EN TREES Cedrela odorata L. VU Cleyera bolleana (O.C. Schmidt) Kobuski VU Cleyera vaccinioides (O.C. Schmidt) Kobuski VU Ekmanianthe longiflora (Grisebach) Urban EN Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Juglans jamaicensis C. DC. VU Juniperus gracilior var. ekmanii (Florin) R. P. Adams CR Juniperus gracilior var. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekm.) R. P. Adams EN Mappia racemosa Jacq. VU Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. VU Podocarpus aristulatus Parl. VU Endemic Species: Coccothrinax ekmanii is endemic to SE Haiti and the Barahona of SW Dominican Republic. Little is known about the species’ status in Haiti, but it is likely threatened. The IUCN listing for C. ekmanii is DD (Data Deficient). Several plant genera exhibit exceptionally high rates of local endemism in the Massif de la Selle KBA including Eupatorium, Mikania, Senecio (Asteraceae); Calycogonium, Mercranium, Meriania, Miconia, Sagrea (Melastomataceae); Eugenia (Myrtaceae); Psychotria (Rubiaceae); Meliosma (Sabiaceae); Cestrum, Solanum (Solanaceae); Lepanthes, Lepanthopsis, Specklinia, Stelis (Orchidaceae), Pilea (Urticaceae). The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. 15 7. Lac Azuéi – Trou Caïman KBA (18o 35’ N, -72o 00’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Lac Azuéi – Trou Caïman KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS BIRDS Amazona ventralis Müller, 1776 VU Aratinga chloroptera Souancé, 1856 VU Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800 VU Dendrocygna arborea L., 1758 VU REPTILES Celestus curtissi Grant, 1951 VU Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 VU Cyclura cornuta Bonnaterre, 1789 VU Trachemys decorata Barbour & Carr, 1940 VU Typhlops capitulatus Richmond, 1964 EN FISH Gambusia dominicensis Regan, 1913 EN TREES Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Endemic Species: Several live-bearing fish species of the Limia genus are Hispaniola island endemics that occur in fresh and brackish water bodies including L. dominicensis, L. meloanogaster, L. melanotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. These have not been assessed by IUCN. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but uncertain extent of its range. 16 8. Lagons du Nord-Est KBA (19o 42.5’ N, -71o 55’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Lagons du Nord-Est KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS BIRDS Dendrocygna arborea L., 1758 VU REPTILES Caretta caretta L., 1758 EN Chelonia mydas L., 1758 EN Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 VU Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli, 1761 CR Eretmochelys imbricata L., 1766 CR FISH Balistes vetula L., 1758 VU Epinephelus striatus Block, 1792 EN Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 VU Hyporthodus flavolimbatus Poey, 1865 VU Hyporthodus nigritus Holbrook, 1855 CR Lachnolaimus maximus Walbaum, 1792 VU Lutjanus analis Cuvier, 1828 VU Lutjanus cyanopterus Cuvier, 1828 VU Mycteroperca interstitialis Poey, 1865 VU Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839 VU SHARK Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 VU CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU CORAL Acropora cervicornis Lamarck, 1816 CR Acropora palmata Lamarck, 1816 CR Agaricia lamarcki Edwards & Haime, 1851 VU Dendrogyra cylindrus Ehrenberg, 1834 VU Dichocoenia stokesii Edwards & Haime, 1848 VU Montastraea annularis complex1 VU Mycetophyllia ferox Well, 1973 VU Oculina varicosa Leseuer, 1821 VU TREES Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Endemic Species: Several live-bearing fish species of the Limia genus are Hispaniola island endemics that occur in fresh and brackish water bodies including L. dominicensis, L. meloanogaster, L. melanotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. These have not been assessed by IUCN. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. 1 Comprised of 3 species: Montastraea annularis, M. faveolata and M. franksi. 17 9. Citadelle – Grottes Dondon KBA (19o 35’ N, -72o 14’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Citadelle – Grottes Dondon KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS BIRDS Amazona ventralis Müller, 1776 VU Aratinga chloroptera Souancé, 1856 VU Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800 VU REPTILES Celestus warreni Schwartz, 1970 CR AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus poolei Cochran, 1938 CR Eleutherodactylus schmidti Schwartz, 1923 CR Eleutherodactylus sommeri Schwartz, 1977 EN Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN Osteopilus vastus Cope, 1871 EN CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU TREES Cedrela odorata L. VU Cinnamomum triplinerve (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm. VU Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Endemic Species: Limia pauciradiata is endemic to Grand Rivière du Nord. Several other Hispaniola island endemics of the same genus may occur in fresh water bodies of the area including L. dominicensis, L. meloanogaster, L. melanotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. Neither the local endemic nor the island endemics have been assessed by IUCN. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. Eleutherodactylus limbensis, the Haitian Streamside Frog, has not been assessed by IUCN, but is endemic to this area of North Haiti. 18 10. Morne Bailly KBA (19o 34.5’ N, -72o 20.7’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Morne Bailly KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS BIRDS Aratinga chloroptera Souancé, 1856 VU Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800 VU REPTILES Celestus warreni Schwartz, 1970 CR AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus poolei Cochran, 1938 CR Eleutherodactylus schmidti Schwartz, 1923 CR Eleutherodactylus sommeri Schwartz, 1977 EN Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN Osteopilus vastus Cope, 1871 EN CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU TREES Cedrela odorata L. VU Cinnamomum triplinerve (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm. VU Endemic Species: The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. Eleutherodactylus limbensis, the Haitian Streamside Frog, has not been assessed by IUCN, but is endemic to this area of North Haiti. 19 11. Côtes du Nord KBA (19o 34.5’ N, -72o 20.7’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Côtes du Nord KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS BIRDS Aratinga chloroptera Souancé, 1856 VU Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800 VU REPTILES Caretta caretta L., 1758 EN Celestus warreni Schwartz, 1970 CR Chelonia mydas L., 1758 EN Cyclura cornuta Bonnaterre, 1789 VU Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli, 1761 CR Eretmochelys imbricata L., 1766 CR AMPHIBIANS Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN Osteopilus vastus Cope, 1871 EN FISH Balistes vetula L., 1758 VU Epinephelus striatus Block, 1792 EN Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 VU Hyporthodus flavolimbatus Poey, 1865 VU Hyporthodus nigritus Holbrook, 1855 CR Lachnolaimus maximus Walbaum, 1792 VU Lutjanus analis Cuvier, 1828 VU Lutjanus cyanopterus Cuvier, 1828 VU Mycteroperca interstitialis Poey, 1865 VU Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839 VU SHARK Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 VU CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU CORAL Acropora cervicornis Lamarck, 1816 CR Acropora palmata Lamarck, 1816 CR Agaricia lamarcki Edwards & Haime, 1851 VU Dendrogyra cylindrus Ehrenberg, 1834 VU Dichocoenia stokesii Edwards & Haime, 1848 VU Montastraea annularis complex1 VU Mycetophyllia ferox Well, 1973 VU Oculina varicosa Leseuer, 1821 VU TREES Cedrela odorata L. VU Cinnamomum triplinerve (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm. VU Guaiacum officinale L. EN 20 CLASS SPECIES STATUS Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Huertea cubensis Griseb. VU Magnolia domingensis Urb. EN Magnolia emarginata Urb. & Ekm. EN Senna domingensis (Spreng.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby VU Endemic Species: Several live-bearing fish species of the Limia genus are Hispaniola island endemics that occur in fresh and brackish water bodies including L. dominicensis, L. meloanogaster, L. melanotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. These have not been assessed by IUCN. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. Eleutherodactylus limbensis, the Haitian Streamside Frog, has not been assessed by IUCN, but is endemic to this area of North Haiti. 1 Comprised of 3 species: Montastraea annularis, M. faveolata and M. franksi. 12. Plaisance KBA (19o 36’ N, -72o 30’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Plaisance KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS BIRDS Aratinga chloroptera Souancé, 1856 VU Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800 VU REPTILES Celestus warreni Schwartz, 1970 CR AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus sommeri Schwartz, 1977 EN Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN Osteopilus vastus Cope, 1871 EN CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU TREES Cedrela odorata L. VU Cinnamomum triplinerve (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm. VU Magnolia domingensis Urb. EN Endemic Species: The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. Eleutherodactylus limbensis, the Haitian Streamside Frog, has not been assessed by IUCN, but is endemic to this area of North Haiti. 21 13. Dubedou – Morne Balance KBA (19o 34’ N, -72o 38’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Dubedou – Morne Balance KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS REPTILES Celestus curtissi Grant, 1951 VU Celestus warreni Schwartz, 1970 CR AMPHIBIANS Hypsiboas heilprini Noble, 1923 VU Osteopilus pulchrilineatus Cope, 1869 EN Osteopilus vastus Cope, 1871 EN CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU TREES Albizia leonardii Britt. & Rose ex Barneby & J.W. Grimes VU Ekmanianthe longiflora (Grisebach) Urban EN Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Podocarpus aristulatus Parl. VU Endemic Species: Neobuchia paulinae is a monotypic genus endemic to Hispaniola and found in semi-arid forests. It occurs in this KBA, though the species has not been assessed by IUCN. The monotypic palm genus, Zombia antillarum Bailey, has not been assessed by IUCN, though populations in Haiti are considered vulnerable. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. 22 14. Ile de la Tortue Est KBA (20o 01’ N, -72o 40’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Ile de la Tortue Est KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS REPTILES Caretta caretta L., 1758 EN Celestus curtissi Grant, 1951 VU Celestus warreni Schwartz, 1970 CR Chelonia mydas L., 1758 EN Cyclura cornuta Bonnaterre, 1789 VU Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli, 1761 CR Eretmochelys imbricata L., 1766 CR AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus warreni Schwartz, 1976 CR FISH Balistes vetula L., 1758 VU Epinephelus striatus Block, 1792 EN Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 VU Hyporthodus flavolimbatus Poey, 1865 VU Hyporthodus nigritus Holbrook, 1855 CR Lachnolaimus maximus Walbaum, 1792 VU Lutjanus analis Cuvier, 1828 VU Lutjanus cyanopterus Cuvier, 1828 VU Mycteroperca interstitialis Poey, 1865 VU Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839 VU SHARK Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 VU CORAL Acropora cervicornis Lamarck, 1816 CR Acropora palmata Lamarck, 1816 CR Agaricia lamarcki Edwards & Haime, 1851 VU Dendrogyra cylindrus Ehrenberg, 1834 VU Dichocoenia stokesii Edwards & Haime, 1848 VU Montastraea annularis complex1 VU Mycetophyllia ferox Well, 1973 VU Oculina varicosa Leseuer, 1821 VU TREES Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Endemic Species: Several live-bearing fish species of the Limia genus are Hispaniola island endemics that occur in fresh and brackish water bodies including L. dominicensis, L. meloanogaster, L. melanotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. These have not been assessed by IUCN. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. 1 Comprised of 3 species: Montastraea annularis, M. faveolata and M. franksi. 23 15. Ile de la Tortue Ouest KBA (20o 3.5’ N, -72o 55’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Ile de la Tortue Ouest KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS REPTILES Caretta caretta L., 1758 EN Celestus curtissi Grant, 1951 VU Chelonia mydas L., 1758 EN Cyclura cornuta Bonnaterre, 1789 VU Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli, 1761 CR Eretmochelys imbricata L., 1766 CR FISH Balistes vetula L., 1758 VU Epinephelus striatus Block, 1792 EN Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 VU Hyporthodus flavolimbatus Poey, 1865 VU Hyporthodus nigritus Holbrook, 1855 CR Lachnolaimus maximus Walbaum, 1792 VU Lutjanus analis Cuvier, 1828 VU Lutjanus cyanopterus Cuvier, 1828 VU Mycteroperca interstitialis Poey, 1865 VU Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839 VU SHARK Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 VU CORAL Acropora cervicornis Lamarck, 1816 CR Acropora palmata Lamarck, 1816 CR Agaricia lamarcki Edwards & Haime, 1851 VU Dendrogyra cylindrus Ehrenberg, 1834 VU Dichocoenia stokesii Edwards & Haime, 1848 VU Montastraea annularis complex1 VU Mycetophyllia ferox Well, 1973 VU Oculina varicosa Leseuer, 1821 VU TREES Albizia berteriana (DC.) Fawc. & Rendle VU Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Endemic Species: Several live-bearing fish species of the Limia genus are Hispaniola island endemics that occur in fresh and brackish water bodies including L. dominicensis, L. meloanogaster, L. melanotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. These have not been assessed by IUCN. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but the extent of its range remains uncertain. 1 Comprised of 3 species: Montastraea annularis, M. faveolata and M. franksi. 24 16. Port-de-Paix KBA (19o 54.5’ N, -72o 56’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Port-de-Paix KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS REPTILES Caretta caretta L., 1758 EN Celestus curtissi Grant, 1951 VU Chelonia mydas L., 1758 EN Cyclura cornuta Bonnaterre, 1789 VU Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli, 1761 CR Eretmochelys imbricata L., 1766 CR AMPHIBIANS Eleutherodactylus rhodesi Schwartz, 1980 CR FISH Balistes vetula L., 1758 VU Epinephelus striatus Block, 1792 EN Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 VU Hyporthodus flavolimbatus Poey, 1865 VU Hyporthodus nigritus Holbrook, 1855 CR Lachnolaimus maximus Walbaum, 1792 VU Lutjanus analis Cuvier, 1828 VU Lutjanus cyanopterus Cuvier, 1828 VU Mycteroperca interstitialis Poey, 1865 VU Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839 VU SHARK Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 VU CRUSTACEANS Epilobocera haytensis Rathbun, 1893 VU CORAL Acropora cervicornis Lamarck, 1816 CR Acropora palmata Lamarck, 1816 CR Agaricia lamarcki Edwards & Haime, 1851 VU Dendrogyra cylindrus Ehrenberg, 1834 VU Dichocoenia stokesii Edwards & Haime, 1848 VU Montastraea annularis complex1 VU Mycetophyllia ferox Well, 1973 VU Oculina varicosa Leseuer, 1821 VU TREES Cedrela odorata L. VU Copernicia ekmanii Burret EN Ekmanianthe longiflora (Grisebach) Urban EN Guaiacum officinale L. EN Guaiacum sanctum L. EN Juniperus barbadensis L.* VU Endemic Species: Consolea falcata, Opuntia acaulis, and O.ekmanii are among the cactus species that are endemic Haiti and found in this KBA. However, they have not been assessed by IUCN. The monotypic palm genus, Zombia antillarum Bailey, has not assessed by IUCN, though it ‘s populations are vulnerable. Several live-bearing fish species of the Limia genus are Hispaniola island endemics that occur in fresh and brackish water bodies including L. dominicensis, L. meloanogaster, L. melanotata, L. nigrofasciata and L. tridens. These have not been assessed by IUCN. The purple copepod, Mastigodiaptomus purpureus Marsh, 1907, VU, is found in freshwater systems of Haiti, but uncertain extent of its range. * Likely extinct in Haiti (IUCN, 2011). 1 Comprised of 3 species: Montastraea annularis, M. faveolata and M. franksi. 25 17. Môle Saint Nicolas KBA (19o 49.5’ N, -73o 18’ W) Threatened Animals and Plants of Môle Saint Nicolas KBA. CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. CLASS SPECIES STATUS REPTILES Caretta caretta L., 1758 EN Celestus curtissi Grant, 1951 VU Chelonia mydas L., 1758 EN Cyclura cor