Haiti: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector

This comprehensive energy sector assessment examines Haiti's challenging energy position, characterized by weak natural energy resources and rapid depletion of forest cover. The report analyzes the country's dual economic structure, with a large agricultural sector of low productivity and a modern urban sector dependent on imported petroleum. Primary energy requirements grew by 5.6% annually during the 1970s, though per capita consumption remains among the lowest globally at 270 kg oil equivalent in 1979. The assessment identifies critical issues including deforestation, growing energy intensity in the modern sector, and institutional weaknesses. Domestic energy resources provided 83% of primary requirements in 1979, but this is threatened by unsustainable forest exploitation. The report examines prospects for developing indigenous resources including hydropower, lignite deposits, geothermal potential, and forest management. Key recommendations focus on demand management strategies, energy pricing reforms, institutional strengthening, and coordinated development programs. The document emphasizes the need for external support and coordinated project implementation to address Haiti's energy challenges effectively while supporting economic development goals.