Haiti Gender Scorecard 2025

Public Disclosure Authorized HAITI GENDER SCORECARD 2025 Public Disclosure Authorized OVERVIEW OF KEY GENDER GAPS According to data for 2018, Public Disclosure Authorized re Authorized Although declining, Haiti’s adolescent fertility rate remains higher than the average for lower-middle income countries. There is a 5.3 percentage point gender gap in access to a financial account against women. more than 1 in 10 women had experienced physical and/ or sexual intimate partner violence in the past 12 months. Current figures might be higher due to rising gang violence. Although low in general, access to the internet is 18 percentage points lower among women than men. This scorecard was prepared by Daniela A. Maquera Sardón and Paola Buitrago-Hernández as part of the LCR Regional Gender Coordination in the Poverty and Equity Global Practice. The tool benefited from support of the LAC Statistical Team within the same practice. While women are more likely to be victims of domestic violence, men engage in riskier behaviors and have a lower life expectancy. GENDER EQUALITY IN HAITI COMPARED TO ITS REGIONAL, STRUCTURAL AND ASPIRATIONAL PEERS The indicators below align with the objectives of the WB Gender Strategy 2024-2030. The table shows comparable data for the most recent year (within the period 2015 to 2023) and trends for the available years starting from 2010. Comparators for Benchmarking (all consider the latest data point available for the period 2015-2023) : • Regional: average for the LAC region. • Structural: average for the country’s income-level group (high, upper-middle, lower-middle, or low income). • Aspirational: average of the top 5 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index 2024 (Iceland, Finland, Norway, New Zealand, and Sweden). Topic Indicator CountryBenchmarksCountry’s trend Country’s status relative to LAC Regional Structural (LMC) Aspirational Foundational Well-being: Human Capital and (LAC) Female graduates from tertiary education Gender-Based ViolenceSTEM fields School to-work transition in STEM programs (%) NA 11.9† NA 14 Male graduates from tertiary education in STEM programs (%) NA 31.2† NA 40.3 Share of youth not in education, female youth population ages 15-24)NA 25.4 34 6.42010 2014 2018 2022 employment or training, female (% of Share of youth not in education, youth population ages 15-24)NA 13.2 11.8 6.92010 2014 2018 2022employment or training, male (% of male Topic Indicator CountryBenchmarksCountry’s trend Country’s status relative to LAC Regional Structural (LMC) Aspirational Foundational Well-being: Human Capital and (LAC) Lower secondary completion rate, female Gender-Based Violence School dropout (% of relevant age group) NA 76 69.3 98.2 Lower secondary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) NA 71.7 68.6 99.7 pregnancyAdolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 50.6 Economic Opportunities Teenage Violence against women and girls and ParticipationMore and better jobs women ages 15-19) Proportion of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of ever-partnered women ages 15-49) Vulnerable employment (contributing family and own account), female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) Vulnerable employment (contributing family and own account), male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) [2022] 51.7 42 4.2 2010 2014 2018 2022 12* [2018] 8.2† NA5 2010 2014 2018 2022 80.3 [2022] 32.8 70.9 7.9 2010 2014 2018 2022 68.6 [2022] 33 62.8 12 2010 2014 2018 2022 Topic Indicator CountryBenchmarksCountry’s trend Country’s status relative to LAC Regional Structural Account ownership at a financial institution (LAC) 30 (LMC) Aspirational Economic Opportunities and Participation Ownership and control of productive assets Digital inclusion or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+) Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+) Internet access from any device and location, female (% of population ages 15+) Internet access from any device and location, male (% of population ages 15+) Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, female [2017] 70.1 59.2 99.7 2010 2014 2018 2022 35.3 [2017] 77 65.5 99.3 2010 2014 2018 2022 25* [2018] 76.9† NA 97.8 2010 2014 2018 2022 43* [2018] 78† NA 98.2 2010 2014 2018 2022 Time spent on unpaid household work (% of 24-hour day)NA NA NA 14.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, male (% of 24-hour day)NA NA NA 10.7 Topic Indicator CountryBenchmarksCountry’s trend Country’s status relative to LAC Regional Structural (LMC) Aspirational (LAC) Female LeadershipWomen in managementFemale share of employment in senior and middle management (%) NA 39.6† NA 37.7 entrepreneursFirms with female participation in Women ownership (% of firms) NA 47.4 30.8 46.5 Sources: Data extracted on December 18, 2024, from the WBG World Development Indicators (WDI) and Gender Statistics databases, unless otherwise specified. The symbol (*) indicates any of the following complementary sources: STEM-related data is sourced from the UNESCO Database, digital access data from the Gallup World Poll 2023, and Violence Against Women and Girls data from the World Health Organization (WHO). NA indicates data is not available for specific countries or peer groups. Notes: LAC average includes the 42 countries (all income levels) in Latin America and the Caribbean, as classified by The World Bank Group. When regional averages were unavailable, weighted averages were constructed (denoted with the symbol †) using population data of relevant age groups from the WDI and for the countries with available data on the corresponding indicator. These represent 90-99% of the respective age population in the LAC region. The country’s status is assessed using a Traffic Light System: yellow if the country is within a ±3 percentage-point range of the regional average; green or red if the country scores 3 percentage points higher or lower than the regional average, depending on the expected trend for the specified indicator. A missing traffic light indicates that comparisons could not be made due to insufficient data. For FY25, income groups are defined according to 2023 gross national income (GNI) per capita (in USD), calculated using the World Bank Atlas method: HIC: high-income group aggregate; economies with a GNI per capita higher than $14,005. UMC: upper middle-income group aggregate; economies with a GNI per capita between $4,516 and $14,005. LMC: lower middle-income group aggregate; economies with a GNI per capita between $1,146 and $4,515. LIC: low-income group aggregate; economies with a GNI per capita of $1,145 or less. THE POVERTY AND GENDER NEXUS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Female and male poverty rates (USD 6.85 per day 2017 PPP) by age group, circa 2023 % 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+ During productive and reproductive ages, women are more likely to live in poor households than men. Source: The numbers presented in the graph are based on the regional data harmonization effort known as the Socio-economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC) - a joint effort of the World Bank and CEDLAS from the National University of La Plata (Argentina). The LAC aggregate is based on 16 countries for which harmonized, income-based microdata for the years 2022 or 2023 were available. Countries included are: Argentina (urban only), Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. For some countries, the data is preliminary. TURNING RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE INTO ACTION Below are persistent gender gaps1 in LAC and corresponding evidence-based interventions that can help close them. Women in STEM Fields Women are underrepresented in STEM graduate programs and careers School-to-Work Transition Young women are more likely than young men to be out of employment, not in education or training Evidence-based solutions Evidence-based solutions • Address gender biases in teaching and build a ‘science identity’ for girls. • Expose young girls to female mentors and role models in STEM. • Fund female students and researchers through scholarships, postdocs, and internships to retain women in STEM careers. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. Boys’ School Dropout Fewer boys complete lower secondary school than girls • Promote women’s participation in non-traditional skills training programs by subsidizing attendance costs. • Supplement in-classroom training with on-the-job internships. • Strengthen labor intermediation with local and private entities for better training and targeting of vulnerable women. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. Teenage Pregnancy Girls from lower socio-economic status face higher risk of teenage pregnancy Evidence-based solutions Evidence-based solutions • Inform boys on wage returns to secondary education to raise interest to stay in school. • Offer financial incentives like CCT or vouchers conditional to school attendance and academic progress. • Train teachers on how to identify at-risk students and offer remedial learning to those falling behind. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. • Offer peer-to-peer sexual and reproductive health education. • Include goal-setting and critical thinking activities in life skills trainings. • Avoid teen mothers’ school dropout through CCT programs. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. 1 There are more gender gaps in LAC beyond the ones presented here. However, this scorecard focuses on the priority areas identified by the Regional Gender Action Plan FY21-FY25. Violence Against Women and Girls On average, 1 in 3 women are subjected to violence More and Better Jobs In most LAC countries, the average woman has a vulnerable job Evidence-based solutions Evidence-based solutions • Supplement economic empowerment programs with activities like community activism and school-based interventions to prevent dating violence. • Create and ensure safe spaces in schools and public transport. • Develop intersectoral response as well as phone and internet helplines to improve the prevention and detection of gender-based violence. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. Ownership and Control of Productive Assets Women are less likely to own and control assets than men • Offer certification in non-traditional sectors, combined with on-the-job training. • Guarantee parental leave and equal pay for equal work between men and women. • Adopt workplace strategies that promote the recruitment of women such as quotas in short lists and gender-inclusive language in job postings. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. Women Entrepreneurs Women tend to segregate in less profitable sectors Evidence-based solutions Evidence-based solutions • Formalize joint titling and registration of property rights for female heads of households. • Simplify procedures for women’s access to housing. • Train land administration staff on gender-equitable governance. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. • Combine business training with increased women’s access to grants and lending assistance. • Match female entrepreneurs to male role models and mentors. • Expand women’s credit access using alternative forms of collateral. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. Time Spent on Unpaid Household Work Women spend significantly more time on unpaid domestic and care work than men Digital inclusion Women face specific barriers to accessing the internet Evidence-based solutions Promising approaches • Expand the supply of good-quality childcare services that meet families’ needs (location, times, ages served). • Subsidize childcare services to increase mothers’ labor participation and earnings. • Complement paternity or parental leave policies with parenting guidance for fathers offered via virtual workshops and SMS messages. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. • Expand digital infrastructure to address women’s specific needs in access, affordability and usage. • Develop digital skills for girls and adult women through hands-on exposure to technology and practical trainings. • Promote women’s use of digital financial services through payments, social assistance, or agricultural transfers. Find the policy note on this topic for more solutions and examples of WB-supported operations here. Gender data gaps Gender data are limited: often incomplete, methodologically inaccurate, or completely lacking. Evidence-based solutions • Mainstream the adoption of international best practices in the production of gender data. • Leverage existing engagements with National Statistical Offices regionally. COUNTRY RESOURCES Legislative and regulatory framework • Haiti WBL – brief on laws and regulations affecting women’s economic opportunities Gender strategic framework • Haiti Country Partnership Framework FY16-19 (2017) • Haiti Systematic Country Diagnostic Update: Pathways to Responding to Recurrent Crises and Chronic Fragility (2022) • USAID/Haiti Strategic Framework Gender Analysis (2020) • Country Gender Assessment - Haiti’s untapped potential: An assessment of the barriers to gender equality (2023) Country-specific data and analysis • Haiti WB Gender Landscape • Gender-Based Violence Country Profile: Haiti • Taking the Pulse of the Caribbean – Monitoring the Welfare of Caribbean Households During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Results from LAC High Frequency Phone Surveys (2022) • COVID-19: Impacts, Attitudes, and Safety Nets in Haiti - CARE (2021) • How Behavioral Science can Nudge Pregnant Women to Attend Prenatal Care in Haiti (2019) • Haiti Country Profile – Gender Equality Observatory, ECLAC • Haiti Fact Sheet – UN WOMEN