(2016) UrDI Canaan Area: Neighbourhood Plan for Canaan II

UrDI - Urban Structure Plan 3.2. CANAAN II 1 2 3 4 Section A No-Built areas Canaan II, located on the west of the central area of Canaan, has a population of 12,100. It is considered a low density neighbourhood with 4.383 inhab. per km2 and therefore its densification is encouraged. A large part of Canaan II borders the National Road 1 to the south but there is almost no access from it to the neighbourhood. The presence of quarries and the complex topography limit the availability of suitable lands. The proposals in this section are based on a participatory process with the Canaan II community that lasted an average of three months. The UN-Habitat team maps the existing situation and then the community validates and proposes ideas. The LAB of urban planning and design checks the proposed interventions and modifies if necessary. Then, a neighbourhood assembly is organized to present the vision and a land use plan is developed. 72 5 8 7 6 1. Mapping the existing situation 4. New proposals draft 7. Draft of land use plan 2. Mapping proposed interventions 5. Selected interventions map 8. Charrette and implementation 3. Community workshops 6. Neighbourhood assemblies Fig.69: Canaan II: participatory planning process U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e A. STREET NETWORK Currently, the street network occupies 8% of the total Canaan II area. There are just secondary streets with the majority being dead-ends streets. The presence of roads in the northern and western parts is almost null thanks to the existence of quarries and steep slopes. Appropriate measures on the construction of roads in steep areas have been further elaborated in the mobility report. In the new plan of Canaan II, two arterial roads that connect the national road 1 with the northern part are proposed. Where the topography is moderate, main roads are suggested to improve the connectivity. Different widths are defined for the different types of roads (Option A and B, see below). The plan does not only propose new roads, but also looks into ways to improve and upgrade the current situation. The new Canaan II road network plan shows an increase of 7.5%. Existing situation Proposed street network Streets percentage Streets percentage 15.5% -Option A UN-Habitat: 30% Arterial road: 24m Main roads: 18m Secondary streets: 12m 8% - Option B Arterial road: 18m Main roads: 12m Secondary streets: 9m Streets km/sq.km UN-Habitat: 18 km/sq.km 13.6 km/sq.km Fig.70: Canaan II: existing street network Fig.71: Canaan II: Proposed street network Layers of the proposed street network National road Arterial road Main roads Secondary streets Fig.72: Canaan II: Layers of the proposed street network 73 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan B. PUBLIC SPACES Existing Public Spaces Fig.73: Canaan II: Existing Public spaces # PUBLIC SPACE CANAAN II Proposed by UN-Habitat LAB Proposed by the community STATUS NAME (IF ANY) NEIGHBOURHOOD AREA Fig.74: Canaan II: Public spaces proposed by the community m2 Ha % 100% 2760000 276 1 Public space Existing Terrain de football 660 0,07 2 Public space Existing Terrain de football 1.300 0,13 3 Public space Existing Parc 5.900 0,59 24 Other public spaces (13) Existing 2.051 2 9.911 0,99 0,8984 4 Public space Proposed by the community 8.984 5 Public space Proposed by the community 2.490 0,249 22 Public space Proposed by the community 3.384 0,3384 23 Public space Proposed by the community 2.320 0,232 17.178 1,72 0,36% 0,62% 7 Public space Proposed by the lab 2.527 0,2527 6 Public space Proposed by the lab 2.203 0,2203 25 Public space Proposed by the lab 200 0,02 4.930 0,49 0,18% 32.019 3,20 1,16% Total: Table 6. Canaan II: Percentage of public spaces 74 Fig.75: Canaan II: Public spaces proposed by UN-Habitat LAB Canaan II has 24 small public spaces, two of them are football fields and the other is a market. The total area of the existing spaces is of 1 hectare consisting 0.37% of the total neighbourhood area. These spaces are located in south where the concentration of houses is abundant. To keep up with the recommendation of UN-Habitat, it is essential to consider vacant lots for the development of new public spaces. The results of the workshops highlighted the importance and the need of having new public spaces. Considered as a priority, the community proposed to locate four spaces in the north. Adding the community’s proposals to the existing situation, the percentage of public spaces is still insufficient. For this reason, the LAB suggested the establishment of two other spaces in the north-eastern part. After the proposals of both parties, the number increased by 3Ha. U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e It is essential to guarantee from both sides of the ravine t a distance of 30-50 metres as a buffer zone. These areas were also designed with the potential to become public spaces and not just as protective spaces. If these proposals are implemented, the designated public space in Canaan II would reach 10.8%. Proposed public spaces with 400 metres buffer Existing public spaces Proposed by the community Proposed by UN-Habitat LAB # STATUS m2 Ha % Neighbourhood area 2760000 276 100% Public spaces 32.019 3,2 1,16% PUBLIC SPACE IN CANAAN II NAME 16 Buffer zones around the ravine Proposed by the LAB 149.651 14,9 17 Buffer zones around the ravine Proposed by the LAB 23.423 2,3 18 Buffer zones around the ravine Proposed by the LAB 10.399 1 19 Buffer zones around the ravine Proposed by the LAB 8.830 0,88 20 Buffer zones around the ravine Proposed by the LAB 30.298 3,0 21 Buffer zones around the ravine Proposed by the LAB 43.662 4,3 266.263 26,63 9,65% 298.282 29,82 10,81% Total: Public spaces and open areas total: Table 7. Canaan II: Total percentage of public spaces The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 9m2/inhabitant Existing Proposed public space Proposed P.S + non-aedificandi 9.911 m2 32.019 m2 298.282 m2 12,100 inhabitants 12.118 inhabitants 12.118 inhabitants 0,81 m2/inhabitant 2,64 m2/inhabitant 24,6 m2/inhabitant Table 8. Canaan II: Public space area per inhabitant diagram Fig.76: Canaan II: Overall public spaces’ land use and buffer area (400m) 75 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan C. RESIDENTIAL AREA 2.76 km2 Proposed densities Neighbourhood area 12,098 Inhabitants Low density In the new proposal for density distribution, most of the low-density settlements will be located in the centre of the neighbourhood. Considering that the density is 8,000 inhab. Per km2, Canaan II will be able to accommodate 3,900 inhabitants. Houses in this classification are often connected to secondary streets. It is possible to have small shops provided to ensure a good access to pedestrian paths. (source ARC household survey 2016) 4,383 people/km2 Existing residential areas Fig.78: Canaan II: Projected population increase Medium density Medium density dwellings in the new plan are located along the arterial road. The topography in these areas is not so steep and densification strategies in existing low density areas is thus feasible. The design proposes to have 12,000 inhabitants per km2 in medium density areas. Respecting the proposed plan, Canaan II will be able to accommodate 2.280 inhabitants. High density For the high density areas, UN-Habitat recommends to have 15,000 people/km2. This means that a study should be conducted on plot resizing and land readjustments before densifying the neighbourhood. The areas that would be densified are located where the topography is almost flat. In means to accommodate the congestion and the increasing number of habitants in these areas, the high density settlements should have direct access to the arterial and the main roads. Fig.77: Canaan II: Existing settlements Canaan II is considered as a very low density neighbourhood. With a population of 12,098 inhabitants and an area of 2.76 km2, the density is of 4,383 inhabitants per km2. 76 Fig.79: Canaan II: Contours It usually advised to locate high density habitats near commercial activities in order to have a more compact city. The concentration of dwellings is mostly in the south where the topography is moderate. In the north, the houses are scattered and have access to secondary streets. The new plan for Canaan II is able to accommodate up to 5,950 people in the new high density areas. U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e Fig.80: Canaan II: Diagram of population in the new proposed residential areas. In 20 years from now, and if the growth of the area remains the same, it is expected that the current population of 12,098 will increase up tp 26,508 inhabitants. The densification of Canaan II, as proposed in the new plan, will be able to host 12,118 people, which is yet not sufficient. In order to cope with the rapid growth, it is advisable to further densify the areas that are of low densities and consider planned city extension as well. The existence of economic activities in the residential areas is highly recommended provided that they have direct access to the roads. The size of the commercial activity is strictly linked to the type of roads they face and the densities; the higher the density the more commerce are big and vice versa. The compactness of the cities is triggered by the different land usages in the urban fabric. Low density Medium density High density Fig.81: Canaan II: Residential areas and proposed densities 77 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan D. COMMERCIAL AREAS Existing commercial Proposed commercial areas (mixed-use) 33 9,34% Existing commercial points (of the total neighbourhood area) (source OSM) Proposed Commercial and mixed use areas 0 500 1000m draft 14.09.2016 Fig.82: Canaan II: Existing commercial points (Source: OSM) Fig.83: Canaan II: Proposed commercial areas According to the OpenStreetMap data, there are 33 commercial points in the neighbourhood. The concentration of these existing shops is found in the south where the density of habitats is high. The information on the types of commerce is absent. To reinforce the local economy, new commercial services should be considered and strategically located in the neighbourhood with a good road access. In the new proposal, the commercial activities will be facing the National Road 1. Also, others will be facing the new arterial road and will occupy the ground level. These activities have the potential to generate a new, highly diverse sector within the local economy, with new job opportunities. They act as catalysts for initiating a structural transformation. The proposed commercial areas in the new land use plan will occupy 9.34%. 78 U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e E. PUBLIC FACILITIES Education plays a major role in reducing poverty and inequalities. For that, it is always advisable to reserve vacant land for the extension of existing facilities and/or for the provision of new educational facilities. The existing schools are located in the southern part of the neighbourhood. The data has been validated with the community but there is still a lack of information on the types of schools (primary, secondary, etc.). Therefore, it was a challenge to predict the required number of educational services for the Canaan II population. RELIGIOUS - EXISTING EDUCATION - EXISTING HEALTH - EXISTING OTHER PUBLIC FACILITIES - EXISTING Fig.84: Canaan II: Existing public facilities and a 500m buffer catchment area. 16% Less than 10 years 7% Illiterate 29% Primary school (not finished) 11% Primary school (finished) 26% Secondary school (not finished) 5% Secondary school (finished) 3% Professional school 2% University Table 9. Canaan II: Participation level (Croix Rouge Americaine, Juillet 2016) The neighbourhood has places of worship but no information is available about health services, community centres, security stations and others. For planning purposes, and in order to have a sustainable city, it is essential to consider the services mentioned in the new design of the neighbourhood. Generally, they require good accessibility to the different types of road with good mobility. Normally, it is recommended to locate these services within 500 metres of the houses so they can be easily reached. Fig.85: Canaan II: Existing public facilities 79 UrDI - Urban Structure Plan F. NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT Given the topography, the presence of quarries and ravines in certain areas will be considered as no-built for environmental protection reasons. There is a high potential for flooding in the centre of the neighbourhood and this is due to the presence of the ravine. A buffer zone of 50 metres on both sides is therefore designated as a mitigation measure to prevent any risk. This buffer zone has been designed with the potential to become a public space. Abandoned quarries must also be converted into recreation projects to benefit from these lost spaces. No-built areas will occupy about 34% of the total neighbourhood area. # No-built areas m2 ha % Neighbourhood area 2.765.000 276 100% 8 Quarry 31.243 3,1 9 Quarry 140.296 14 10 Quarry 13.031 1,3 11 Quarry 6.677 0,67 12 Environmental risk area 223.269 22,3 13 Environmental risk area 128.555 12,8 14 Environmental risk area 31.268 3,1 15 Environmental risk area 107.271 10,7 16 Environmental risk area 149.651 14,9 17 Environmental risk area 23.423 2,3 18 Environmental risk area 10.399 1 19 Environmental risk area 8.830 0,88 20 Environmental risk area 30.298 3 21 Environmental risk area 43.662 4,3 total: 947.873 95 34,28% Table 10. Canaan II: Total percentage of no-built areas Legend Proposed buffer zone along the rivers and ravines Proposed area for livestock grazing Proposed area for reforestation High environmental risk areas Existing rivers and ravines Quarries 80 Fig.86: Canaan II: No-built areas U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e ( U r D I ) f o r C a n a a n a r e a o f Po r t - A u - P r i n c e G. CANAAN II LAND USE The assemblies, facilitated by the UN-Habitat team in Haiti, identified the main needs of the residents of Canaan II. The proposed land-use plan is the result of the ongoing participatory process with the community. It responds as much as possible to their needs and proposes new ideas that can induce prosperity and sustainability. The plan was reviewed as a whole, taking into account the neighbourhoods nearby and how they connect. It is mandatory to situate each of the individual neighbourhood plans in the whole Canaan area to achieve a coherent and rich structure. Fig.87: Canaan II: Proposed land use plan 81